Account for the pattern of population growth in Europe, 1500-1800
Account for the pattern of population growth in Europe, 1500-1800 In early modern Europe the study of historical demography is beset with pitfalls as it was in a pre-statistical age. However there are means to provide a fairly accurate picture of population growth between the period 1500-1800. Parish records prior to the reformation and land registers are the most reliable forms of demographic data and provide information relating to the population of individual towns. Population growth occurs due to natural increase, which is when there are a greater number of births rather than the number of deaths and also on account of migration. Indeed, population growth with a healthy and fertile population was crucial for a state in the early modern period. If a state was to be economically successful and compete well against other states it had to have a flourishing population. Population growth during the period was unpredictable to say the least. For example, often people were vulnerable to the extremes of environment that would cause famine and as a result the mortality rate would increase meaning there would be population losses. Similarly, disease would have catastrophic effects on population growth given the lack of sophisticated remedies available to combat them. From 1500 Europe's population was still experiencing growth from the period of post Black Death recovery that had
How has the Popularisation of 'history from below' influenced historians studying US race relations?
Prior to answering the question we need to understand where the concept of 'History from below' originated from, and essentially what it means. The phrase is an echelon of historical accounts, that was produced as a ramification of the Annales School, and popularised during the decade of 1960`s. "The Annales School is a school of historical writing named after the French scholarly journal Annales d'histoire Ã(c)conomique et sociale where it was first expounded." 1 History from below attempts to act as a dichotomy to the general 'History from above', which has been the traditional method in which to attain information on the aggregate of past events. It is only a recent modification in the historical realm, before this history was habitually thought of as exclusively an issue of the; political elites, powerful, famous and the wealthy. This shift has led many historians to now consider and utilise information left behind from 'ordinary' people, from various social groups - the marginalised societal groups who were once regarded as insignificant to the course of history. There are a few general points which have led to the increase in the usage of history from below, these are; Historians now want to be more objective and attain the correct and most valid answers as opposed to hearing bias and one sided accounts. This is supported by: "Annales school history is best known for
Canada French: an island in a sea of English.
Canada French: an island in a sea of English The fact of French is the first point to be made about French Canadians. It is a French-Canadian society. It lives, works, thinks, loves French. French Canadians care passionately about their language in ways that English Canadians fail to understand. Some English Canadians say that Quebec French is not real French. It's not the French of Paris, nor the French of Marseilles, nor of Bordeaux. It came, basically, from Normandy in the 17th century. It's Norman French the one used by de Maupassant in his short histories. There are anglicisms that have crept into France which have been rejected in Quebec but however there are lots of English words in French-Canadian and they usually come from North American society. Of course the North American world of English is not just Canada, but the United States. The whole North American continent north of Rio Grande with its power, greed, generosity, all its energy and contradictions, is English-speaking. North American English societies have had such success at assimilating other languages and they have developed almost contempt for others. In the US the principle is of a national melting pot, in which all the immigrant languages are finally melted down into English. The Canadian position, however, is that Canada is a bilingual country. Its English inhabitants don't need to speak
America has been blessed with more than her fair share of stellar individuals.
America has been blessed with more than her fair share of stellar individuals - people who have stepped up in a time of dire need and performed above and beyond the needs and requirements of the times. The reason for this, I believe, is that we are such a diverse and varied lot. We come from all types of backgrounds with an entire spectrum of talents and experiences from which to draw. No matter what type of individual the problems of the times require, there is someone in this primordial melting pot of players that will have just the right mix of talents and abilities to fit the purpose. There are the obvious ones, i.e. Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Lincoln ... the list, of course, goes on. These are intellectuals and patriots who have led us, sometimes by the nose and in spite of ourselves, through the darkest and the most pivotal times in our history. But I am afraid that we sometimes are blinded by their luminescence which causes us to lose focus of the stars which burned perhaps, not quite so bright, or maybe for a shorter period of time. Perhaps the arena in which they worked was not as well known or less exposed to the world, but their work and achievements demand the same accord as their more published cousins. One of these individuals was the famed "Swamp Fox" of the Revolutionary War's southern campaign. Francis Marion was born in 1732
How far must we consider the Norman Conquest as a Military victory
How far must we consider the conquest a military victory? When the Normans arrived on the shores of England in 1066, it is considered one of the key dates in English history. Even though the country had been subject to the arrival of foreigners for centuries beforehand, it was these invaders who managed to establish a firm government and lineage of kingship that lasts in some respects to this day. While there has often been debate amongst historians as to the causes and effects of the Norman Conquest, it is my wish to establish whether the Conquest rested purely on the military might of these invaders, or whether it was their supposedly new ways of governing England that enabled them to remain in the country on a permanent basis. Whilst there are some who put forward the argument that "the most significant change reflecting overseas movement came in the twelfth century with the government of Henry I, the civil war of Stephen's reign and the reorganization of the kingdom by the Angevin Henry II"1, it is my belief that the Conquest was "not considered complete until 1075"2at the point where it became clear that the Normans would not be overthrown and their rule was accepted by the people. When thinking about the Norman conquest, a great deal of importance is placed around and upon the battle of Hastings and the way in which William I imposed his rule upon the English (such as
'How far did European Society become less religious as a result of the 'Age of Revolutions'?
'How far did European Society become less religious as a result of the 'Age of Revolutions'? The 'age of revolutions' were seen by many and still are, as a time of extreme change, conflict and hostility, perhaps induced or brought about by new changes in thought, interpretation of natural law, religious ideals and the ruling authority/government. The revolutions of Europe furthermore provided large parts of society with the strong and fervent belief that different systems within this world could indeed be challenged and that new ideologies could be implemented and maintained. The French Revolution seemed to usher a new confidence into the common people, with the belief that they could actually change things and that it was possible and maybe even their right to dissociate themselves from the ancien regime, the old and seemingly rigid structure from whence they had come. It is essential to consider the legacy of intellectual movements such as the enlightenment with regard to the effect of secularisation within Europe within the period 1750 to 1850. If indeed the 'age of revolutions' did have an effect upon religious change and conformity, we must not presume that it was simply this one factor that produced this change. Now it is of great importance that we recognise the nomothetic nature of the question, in as far as the question states in one sense an area too vast to be
Early medival europe
Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000 In the fifth century the Roman Empire broke down. Europe was politically fragmented, with Germanic kings ruling a number of different kingdoms. Western Europe continued to suffer invasions as Muslim Arabs and Berbers took the Iberian Peninsula and pushed into France. Vikings attacked England, France, and Spain in the late eighth and ninth centuries. Vikings also settled Iceland and Normandy, from which the Norman William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066. The fall of the Roman Empire was accompanied by an economic transformation that included de-urbanization and a decline in trade. Without the domination of Rome and its "Great Tradition," regional elites became more self-sufficient and local "small traditions" flourished. Self-sufficient farming estates called manors were the primary centers of agricultural production. Manors grew from the need for self-sufficiency and self-defense. During the early medieval period a class of nobles emerged and developed into mounted knights. Feudalism was developed. Feudalism is a medieval social system: the legal and social system that existed in medieval Europe, in which vassals held land from lords in exchange for military service. Feudalism was divided into 3 sections Serf, fief and vassal - Serf - in medieval Europe an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform
causes of third world debt
Q.7) Discuss the causes of Third World debt, and evaluate the success of the solutions offered. name In this essay I will highlight my understanding to the Third World debt. The call for debt repudiation for least developed countries have echoed the sentiments of various sectors. Popular politicians, celebrities, the church and ordinary people all agreed that debt cancellation for the poorest countries in the world is justified. But are they right in that assumption? While it is true that countries with wealthier economies extended the credit line to these southern countries, how the money was spent in the respective third world countries was beyond their jurisdiction. Whatever the proponents of debt repudiation would say regarding the culpability of these lenders, it should be recognized that structurally, the lending systems at that time were also deficient. When the Mexican government in 1982 declared that it would default on its obligations, it started the ball rolling for a global debt crisis to occur. Other countries followed suit like Argentina and Brazil. Creditors were up in arms and calling for sanctions for the recalcitrant countries. Aside from debt relief or reduction, defaulting is one way of resolving the burgeoning problem of external debt. When these countries announced that they were no longer interested in paying their external debts that had grown into
Do the English Mystery Plays distort message of their biblical sources in adapting them for outdoor public performance?
Assignment 2 Karina Malhotra 0227559 Medieval to Renaissance English Literature Seminar Tutor: Dr. Amanda Hopkins Do the English Mystery Plays distort message of their biblical sources in adapting them for outdoor public performance? (Refer to at least three plays.) The word 'Mystery' comes from the Latin word "mysterium," meaning "handicraft" or "office." Thus, the artisan or working guilds were called "mysteries," and hence when these guilds took over the performance of the religious dramas based on the bible, those plays came to be known as the "mystery plays." The tremendous flowering of such medieval drama had its roots in religion. There developed three kinds of dramatic forms: the mystery, miracle and the morality plays. The morality play developed about two centuries later than the mystery and miracle plays and is different in dramatic structure and purpose. These secular religious plays in turn developed out of even earlier forms of religious drama. These liturgical plays started out having strong religious foundations and were performed chiefly in Latin - the language of the Bible. The aim of such plays was to familiarize the common man i.e. the artisan and working guilds with the words of God. But as these plays became more and more popular and elaborate, vernacular elements were introduced and the laity also began to participate in the performances.
Write about an incident in which you had to leave a place you knew well.
Write about an incident in which you had to leave a place you knew well. * You could write about a real or an imaginary experience. * Punctuation. * Spider diagram * Atmosphere * Vocabulary 38,000 years in the future mankind is constantly at war with Alien races and mankind is spread throughout the galaxy. One of the most modern and populated worlds is Necromunda a world where gangs fight to the fight to the death for the profits of ruling houses they have never met. On Necromunda there are many strange creatures, but also strange people, people with psychic abilities. It could be just little things like being good at cards by sensing the opponent's hand to extremely powerful abilities like telekinesis or ignighting someone at will. Karloth Varlos was one such person he could sense the thoughts of others, which gave him endless nightmares. Their thoughts pounded at his consciousness like waves against the shore. Karloth loved his home it wasn't the best place to live but it was home. Karloth didn't want to leave but he had to, the endless pain was too much for him, so he waved goodbye to his previous home and ran away to the underhive. Alone amidst the crawling horror of the badzones Karloth foraged for a few miserable morsels of food he was pursued by relentless plague zombies, a pack of shambolic carnivores hungry for his flesh. Karloth ran until his feeble body
