The root of the Mass is the Last Supper, a Passover meal.
Jesus Rodriguez Diocese of Florida Most Rev. Fr. Bernie LT 602 Liturgy: The Mass/Para-liturgies/weddings/funerals June 14, 2012 Fr. Pat Gaffney THE LITURGY OF THE MASS The Mass is the most beautiful act of worship of Almighty God and a precious treasure of our Catholic Church. To fully appreciate the Mass, one has to understand its historical development. The root of the Mass is the Last Supper, a Passover meal. Here our Lord and the apostles read the Sacred Scriptures, and then for the first time our Lord Jesus Christ took bread and wine, pronounce the words of consecration, and gave His Body and Blood to them. The action of this first Mass must be understood in the whole context of our Lord's passion, death and resurrection. Since that time, the Church has offered the Mass, which participates in the ever-present, ever-lasting reality of the Last Supper and the passion, death and resurrection. Granted, the Mass has evolved over time, but the essential elements and structure have not. Three of the best references describing the Mass of the early Church are the Didache(teaching of the twelve apostles), St Justin the Martyr's First Apology, and St Hippolytus' Apostolic Tradition. These references attest to the living tradition of the Mass. The form of the Mass we have today was promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969. The Order of the Mass comprises four major parts: The
“Some Westerners think that Muslim Women do not receive equal treatment with men. In fact, the aim of Islam is quite the opposite”. Discuss in the context of a multicultural society.
Women through the Islamic viewpoint "Some Westerners think that Muslim Women do not receive equal treatment with men. In fact, the aim of Islam is quite the opposite". Discuss in the context of a multicultural society. The West generally views itself as the source for women's liberation, and Feminists seem to feel dutified to extend their newly found rights to the oppressed Eastern Woman. The inability to see beyond the superficial symbols of freedom (like the removal of the veil for instance) has resulted in the misunderstanding of the status of women in Islam and hence the incorrect portrayal of it in the media. Yet it seems ironic to me that the first women's liberation movement is now being dubbed "sexist". The Islamic view towards life and not only women was revolutionary at it's time of introduction and continues to be a challenge to Western style female freedom to this very day. We cannot escape the fact that sexism, like racism is deeply rooted in humanity and that despite all their efforts, politicians and social scientists have failed in bringing about a society that regards men and women as equals. In Britain, a recent study showed that women are being paid less for work of the same value as men. Employers are more likely to employ a male, rather than a female applicant with the same qualifications, and there is a minor female representation in the British
How to Comprehend Jihad
How to Comprehend Jihad Dr. Nadia Mahmoud Mostafa Professor of International Relations Cairo University, Egypt 25/03/2003 Throughout Islamic history, jihad has been considered to be the core concept of the Islamic perspective on relations between Islam and the rest of the world. The concept stimulated different interpretations in classical and modern Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) as well as in Orientalist's writings. The term "jihad" was used to specify different types of external Islamic relations. The changing circumstances surrounding the Muslim world deeply affected the dominant interpretations, as well as the use of the term to justify political and military actions. The international and regional context that has prevailed since the attacks of 9/11 has shown the urgent need to revisit the term jihad. Linked to terrorism, the term has surfaced again in analyzing the logic of Islam and its nature as a value system. The attack against the USA was labeled as an act of global terrorism. For the USA, the involved parties are new transnational forces that threaten globalization and Americanization. On the other side, the Intifada in Palestine is continuing in the face of escalating Israeli aggression and the collapse of the peace process. The acts of legitimate resistance are clearly a sort of legitimate jihad, meaning self-defense against aggressors. Yet the US,
Life Style Practices of Sikhs during the 18th and 19th centuries based on their ethics and values
McGill University RELG 254 Introduction to Sikhism Presented to: Professor Manjit Singh Life Style Practices of Sikhs during the 8th and 19th centuries based on their ethics and values Paper Written By: Hasmitaben Patel (260114948) Word count: 2759 words Date: December 19, 2006 According to the history of Punjab, the 18th Century was full of battles, foreign invasions and internal conflict. The Sikhs were put to the test to see if they could act according to the Guru's teachings. This period of history is marked by incomparable sacrifice, courage and the power of endurance. (Course Pack, pg. 393) The great qualities of humble service, forgiveness, spiritual values and regard for women, all according to the Guru's teachings, were demonstrated by the Sikhs. The Sikh chiefs pointed to the Khalsa ideals as a beacon light and attributed their success to the Guru, because they believed that he was the real master and founder of their commonwealth. The Sikhs considered the Khalsa Commonwealth as a sacred creation by the Gurus. All the Sikhs considered themselves equal. The Sikh chiefs declared themselves as humble servants of the Khalsa Panth, working for the welfare and pleasure of the Khalsa Commonwealth. (Course Pack, pg. 407) This time tested the Sikhs to the utmost, and they showed their true character. The 19th Century historical reports mostly describe the reign
The Story of Great Flood of Manu
The Story of Great Flood of Manu In the morning they brought Manu water for ablution, just as they bring this washing for hands. As he was washing, a fish came into his hands and said, 'Care for me and I will save you.' 'From what will you save me?' 'A flood will carry away all the creatures; I will save you from it.' 'How should you be cared for?' 'As long as we are tiny,' said the fish, 'our destruction is great, for fish swallows fish. Care for me at first in a pot, and when I outgrow it, dig a trench and care for me in it. And when I outgrow that, then take me down to the ocean, for then I will be beyond destruction.' The fish grew steadily into a Jhasa, for that grows largest. It said, 'In a certain yea, the flood will come. Then you will build a ship and come to me, and when the flood has risen you will enter the ship and I will save you from the flood.' Manu cared for it in this way and carried it down to the ocean. And in the very year the fish had indicated, he build a ship and came to him, and when the flood had risen he entered the ship. The fish swam up to him, and he fastens the rope of the ship to the horn of the fish, and with it sailed through to the northern mountain. 'I have saved you,' said the fish. 'Fasten the ship to a tree, but do not let the water cut you off when you are on the mountain; as the water subsides, keep following it down.' And he kept
Dating Joseph and the Exodus: In Search of a Consistent and Defensible Chronology
Dating Joseph and the Exodus: In Search of a Consistent and Defensible Chronology David Thatcher HIST111 James Harrison 9 September 2010 We are all likely familiar with the story of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus. Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers and brought down to Egypt, where he eventually ascended to a ruling position and moved all his family into Egypt, specifically the "Land of Goshen." Over time, the Egyptian rulers enslaved the Israelites because they had become numerous and feared that they would rebel. They served the Pharaohs with hard, forced labor for many years, until God sent Moses to tell the Pharaoh to let the people go. The Pharaoh would not, and so ten plagues were sent. At the end of the tenth plague the Pharaoh relented and let the people go, but then pursued them to the sea, at which point God opened up the waters to let His people pass, but closed them to destroy Pharaoh's army. The Israelites went on to conquer the land promised to them of God, the land of Canaan. If there was a migration of Israel out of Egypt to Canaan, when did it happen? The date of the Biblical Exodus is a hotly debated issue for many reasons. Probably the most important reason is the view of many Christian fundamentalists who hold the Bible to be literally inerrant in all matters. For them, defending a certain view of the Exodus is tantamount to defending the
Reality, Morality, and the Afterlife: A Comparison of Christian and Bhuddist Thought
David Thatcher (# 4095075) Vernon Martin RELS201 23 May 2010 Reality, Morality, and the Afterlife: A Comparison of Christian and Buddhist Thought Do we go to heaven or hell after death, or do we come back as another human being or even an animal? Such a question reminds us of one of the major differences between Christianity and Buddhism-the concept of the afterlife. Another major difference lies in the origin of these two religions. Buddhism developed from the teachings of one Siddhartha Gautama in the sixth century BCE, while Christianity came from a man named Jesus in Roman Palestine who claimed to be God (Toropov and Buckles 200, 71). This paper will explore how the Buddhist and Christian concepts of reality affect their view of the present world and the afterlife, resulting in different approaches to truth and morality. The Christian Concept of Reality The Christian concept of true reality is rooted in divine revelation. In John 17:17, Christ speaking to God the Father says, "Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth" (The Harper Collins Study Bible). Christ further promised to send a Holy Spirit to guide them into truth: "When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own, but will speak whatever he hears, and he will declare to you the things that are to come" (The Harper Collins Study Bible, John 16.13).
Islam, God and Nature.
MY RELIGION COURSEWORK USMAN YUSAF ISLAM Islam, a major world religion, founded in Arabia and based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is called the Prophet. The Arabic word "islam" literally means "to surrender," but as a religious term in the Quran, it means "to surrender to the will or law of God." In Islam God Is Known as "Allah." And one who practices Islam is a Muslim. According to the Quran, Islam is the primordial and universal religion, and even nature itself is Muslim, because it automatically obeys the laws that God has ingrained in it. For human beings, who possess free will, practicing Islam does not involve automatically obeying but rather freely accepting God's commandments. A Muslim is a follower of the revelation (the Quran) brought by Muhammad and so is a member of the Islamic community. Because the name a Muslim is given in the Quran itself to the followers of Muhammad , Muslims resent being called Mohammedans, which implies a personal cult of Muhammad, forbidden in Islam. Muslims are told to praise and worship god alone and not Muhammad who is a messenger and last prophet of Allah. They also object to the spelling Moslem as a distortion of Muslim. Although exact statistics are not available, the Muslim world population is estimated at more than 1 billion. Islam has flourished in diverse climatic, cultural, and
Islamic Law. These four schools are known as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali and a closer look at them is essential to fully comprehend the Sunni faith. Finally, Ijma or the consensus of the community is very important to further
ISLAMIC LAW NMC 201 Rabea Amin March 13, 2007 Islamic Law In order for our society to work efficiently and ensure that there's structure we need a set of rules to make certain that there's peace and harmony and that everything works accordingly. As if there were no rules or regulations our society would just disintegrate and everything would be in chaos. This is because our mind frames are so vulnerable to turmoil that we humans seek any opportunity to cause mischief, but with rules most of us remain in our boundaries and try to do our best. Religion is not much different from this as for a religion to survive and flourish the followers need a set of rules that guide them in matters. Therefore, to convey these ideas to the followers most religions have scriptures that guide humans and teach them how to live their life efficiently. Amongst these religions is Islam. Islam is one of the monotheistic religions which has a large number of followers around the world. This religion was revealed to the Arabs by the messenger Prophet Muhammad which Muslims believe to be the last Prophet. Prophet Muhammad set the foundations for Islam and was highly regarded by all. After the death of the Prophet, there was a lot of dispute amongst the Muslims regarding the matter of succeeding the Prophet and leading the Ummah. Eventually Abu Bakr became the first caliph but there were some people
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the Western world
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the Western world during the 17th and 18th century; it was characterized as the age of reason. It was also composed of the scientific revolution, reason, nature, GOD, and man, which developed into a world perception that initiated radical improvements in art, politics, philosophy, theology and science. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe were periods of important and dramatic changes in the way many people saw and understood the world. Not only did people begin to see the physical world as operating in a vastly different way from the way they had previously thought it operated, but also some European people were beginning to believe that the methods for discovering such new information could be applied in such a way that the new knowledge would be more powerfully accurate than knowledge had previously been. The first disciplines to be affected by these changes were mathematics and physics. Eventually, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment also greatly influenced the understanding of political, economic, and social behavior. Several individuals played a significant role during the creation of the Enlightenment. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant who believed that human rationale could not be used to fight the lack of knowledge, fallacy, and improve