'The age of Public Service Broadcasting is over'.
'The age of Public Service Broadcasting is over' Throughout this essay I intend to look at the history of Public service broadcasting to gain an understanding of its significance and in order to analyse its relevance in today's modern society. I will also be focusing on the arguments and evidence surrounding the end of public service broadcasting so that I can determine whether this claim is justified. . According to the Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, the term public service broadcasting refers to any broadcasting system whose first duty is to a public within a democracy, serving to inform, educate and entertain, and to regard audience as constituting citizens, members of communities and individuals rather than merely consumers. 2. This system of public ownership has always been promoted on the basis that as a public resource it should include four important features; firstly it should be available to all in society irrespective of wealth or location; it should cater for all of the interests and tastes in society; it should provide citizens with the information and education that they need to contribute to enlightened public debate and for informed democratic participation; finally it should create what Scannell called a 'common universe of discourse' in a society. By this he meant a sense of community and togetherness which help contribute to social
Media Institutions And Society - Is public service broadcasting an obsolete idea?
Media Institutions And Society - Is public service broadcasting an obsolete idea? It is hard to try and define the term public service broadcasting but it can be loosely termed to 'inform, educate and entertain.' This is what the Lord Reith, the first Director General of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), intended to do in Great Britain. 'The concept of public broadcasting, in Reith's mind had...an idea of a broadcasting role in the formation of an informed and reasoned public opinion as an essential part of the political process.' (Public Service: The History of a Concept - Paddy Scannell) As can be seen by that statement, Reith saw television just more than as a form of entertainment or past time, he considered it to be a powerful and important tool to help and educate people. And it seems it has been doing this every since the very start but due to the technological developments that have taken place such as satellite and cable technology, digital television and the internet, this has meant that the concept of public service broadcasting is being questioned. We are now starting wonder if public service broadcasting is now an out of date idea and if we need to move ahead with the time as the technology has developed further than the need for something like public service broadcasting. The start of public service broadcasting can be traced back to the start of the
The Music Business Research Project: Angel Music Group
Research Over the past decade we have seen a large increase in the growth and expansion of the events industry. Although the collapse in economic growth due to the recession has halted the industries progress, the events industry can thank the UK's previous thriving economy, increase in leisure spending and disposable income for its success in the 90s. Now, the majority of UK cities and towns have a diverse range of public entertainment events on offer each week, with the majority of them notably related to music and nightlife institutions. Events have become an essential element of a music industry which sees ever decreasing figures in record sales and is now one of the main sources of income for most record labels. My principal goal was to carry out primary and secondary research into the practises of events marketing companies, drawing up a profile using appropriate theoretical approaches and critiques to help interpret the findings of my research. In order to address this, I conducted fieldwork with a renowned company called 'Angel Music Group'. During my time researching the company I performed extensive interviews with staff at the company, with the most significant interviews being held with Angel Music Group's production/promotion director, Damian Eston. I also carried out ethnographic research in which I observed and shadowed a few members of staff to get a general
This essay will discuss the representation of crime in the media in relation to ethnic minorities. Several related cases will be used to make points, examples, analysed and evaluated in detail to attempt to examine this statement.
"It is through the representation of crime in the media as a moral issue that treatment of both perpetrators and victims from ethnic minority groups within society is continually subjected to mis-representation." This essay will discuss the representation of crime in the media in relation to ethnic minorities. Several related cases will be used to make points, examples, analysed and evaluated in detail to attempt to examine this statement. Statistics and many sources will be used in evidence to support my arguments and then finally incorporating all the information to make a conclusion. In 1827 the first newspaper for African Americans was launched: Freedom's journal. In its first issue it proclaimed, "From the press and the pulpit we have suffered much by being incorrectly represented" and "too long have the public been deceived." Similar concerns have been voiced over the years about each new mass medium, notably motion pictures, the radio and television. Centrally, the complaints have been that ethnic minorities are both underrepresented and negatively stereotyped. The importance of such concerns lies in the cultural significance of the mass media. For example, television predominates as a human activity throughout the Western world; the average is around thirty hours per week per person in the U.K. In many countries it is the third most time-absorbing activity after
Evaluate Corwin(TM)s claim that Metallicas One(TM) illustrates Descartes(TM) conception of the interaction between mind and body
ADVERTISING AND MEDIA BA MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THROUGH MEDIA MP0509 Essay document Word count: 1,574 (not inc bibliography and title) BY FAHMIDA BEGUM STUDENT ID: S013351 9th May 2009 Evaluate Corwin's claim that Metallica's 'One' illustrates Descartes' conception of the interaction between mind and body This essay will address the issues on Philosophical thinker Rene Descartes' work on dualism, through the analysis of the song 'One', by US thrash metal band 'Metallica'. The song similarly explores and evokes the interaction between mind and body dualism through Joanna Corwin's understanding of the song which will be evaluated against Descartes. The essay begins by giving an outline of Rene Descartes; his beliefs and knowledge. The essay then discusses Metallica's song which is from the soundtrack of the movie 'Johnny Got His Gun' (Irwin 2007:174). The focus of this essay will be based on Descartes Second Mediation 'The nature of the human mind, and how it is known better than the body' and Sixth Mediation 'The existence of material things, and the real distinction between mind and body' Rene Descartes (1596-1650) not only was he a philosopher but a mathematician, a man of science and even a mercenary for some time in his life. Descartes is known today as the 'Father of modern philosophy', (Robinson and Garret 1999:5) 'Most of the great
Analytical Viewing Log - My viewing log is based on the programming for Monday 11th March on BBC1 and ITV1 between 17:00 and 00:00.
TV Genres - Analytical Viewing Log * My viewing log is based on the programming for Monday 11th March on BBC1 and ITV1 between 17:00 and 00:00. I decided to split the night into three 'zones'. Early evening (17:00 - 19:00) prime time (19:00 - 21:00) and post watershed (21:00 onwards) see appendix 1. The reason for this is that these are distinct periods with distinct audiences. It is not possible to compare Blue Peter at 17:00 with Film 2002 at 23:00, as the target audience will be completely different. Looking at the first two programmes in the early evening slot shows a difference in the strategies of the channels. At 17:00 BBC shows Blue Peter, whilst ITV broadcasts a repeat of Airline. Two very different programmes aimed at different audiences. ITV chooses 17:00 to start leaving it's child audience and start concentrating on the adult population. The programme before Airline was 'My Parents are Aliens' a children's comedy/drama. The adverts between My Parents are Aliens and Airline show that ITV still expect to have some children watching for example an advert for 'Diva Stars' a series of dolls. ITV then shows a repeat - significant because it shows ITV are not prepared to spend money on creating original programming for this slot. The shift in expected audience is shown in the advertisements in the middle of Airline. They include adverts for nicotine patches
In a world that consistently undervalues women in general and black women in particular, male -dominated hip-hop has a bizarre love/hate relationship with sexually attractive women.
The contexts of communication used in this video are, public communication since a small number of people (the panel) address a larger group of people (the audience). Mass communication is also present since a small number of people (the panel) send messages to a large, anonymous, and usually heterogeneous audience through the use of specialized communication media.( the video). Additionally, group communication occurs as three or more people interact, in an attempt to achieve commonly recognized goals. Both visual and verbal communications are used in the video, since there are visual display of information, such as photography, signs, symbols and designs. Hip Hop Vs America is an example of an electronic form of visual communication. With respect to verbal communication, sounds, words, language and speaking were all employed in this video as well. In a world that consistently undervalues women in general and black women in particular, male -dominated hip-hop has a bizarre love/hate relationship with sexually attractive women. Both black males and black females tend to be equally complicit in the exploitation of females in hip hop, more often than not as a direct response to label and market pressures that underline the consumer status quo. In a culture still so deeply patriarchal, what chance do they have to think outside the dominant ideology? The fact is, as long as
Televangelism in the USA
Televangelism RUNNING HEAD: TELEVANGELISM Televangelism [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] ________________ Televangelism Evangelism Evangelism is derived from a Greek word with its literal meaning “good news.” It is commonly related to the missionary work. It is the duty of every evangelical to spread the message of Jesus Christ to the whole ministry. Evangelism can be analyzed in four different stages: missionary operations, the time of Christ, the modern era, and the late 20th century to the present. Evangelism has a global mission in increasing faith in Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, Christ tells his adherents to “go make disciples of all nations.” After the death of Christ, some rendered this passage literally, and evangelism became a Christian mission enterprise soon. (Lakeou, 2005) Televangelism Tele means something at a distance and evangelism as already mentioned above refers to the preaching’s of the Christ. Combing the two words means spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ throughout the globe. An evangelical preacher marked the first television outreach in the year 1954. Televangelism, as it became, led to the existence of an “electronic church” that allowed religious devotes and it allowed curious viewers to receive sermons while sitting in their living rooms. Popular televangelists include Pat Robertson, Oral Roberts,
Technological determinism?
Technological determinism? NAME: Adedayo adewa. DATE: March 6, 2010. COURSE: COMN. 2312. DIRECTOR: David Skinner. When the first Homo sapiens communicated for the very first time, his/her life and that of everyone around changed. This changes resulted in the modes of communication - as time and space progressed - and the development of new medium, which helped humans cross time and space in terms of communicating. Each new communication technology created, revolutionized our world and our way of reasoning. When oral words were embedded on stone, clay, parchment, papyrus and paper1, humans were to record the past, and present thus passing or storing information from one generation to the next in its exact intended way, rather than relying on human unpredictable re-collective memory in the oral era. Finally we entered into an age of electronic means of communication, an age where information could travel across time and space in a short period. The development of the different modes of Communication and their respective media definitely resulted in the shaping of social activities both in an ameliorating and exacerbating way. However in this essay I will try to not to oppose the above technological deterministic notion rather I will introduce a new theory or notion - social determinism theory - that works hand-in-hand with the above theory. Society originated due to the
Reality television
Reality television Iain Richards In this piece of work I am going to be looking at reality TV and many of the issues involved. 'Big Brother' is just one example of a very successful reality TV show. Other good examples are 'Survivor', 'Jerry Springer' and 'I'm a Celebrity get me out of here'. All these shows are made in favour of the television companies, and to make as much money as possible, if they are successful. With the reality TV shows so popular the TV companies can gain high ratings and publicity. Big Brother have a huge production team that work 24 hours a day, to create the artificial situations and surroundings that contestants will have to contend with during the show. For example, Feng Shui consultants are called in to create certain areas of the house to be relaxing, they do this so contestants will maintain mental stability during their confinement, which could last up to 12 weeks. The Big Brother production team always warn the contestants of what might happen after they leave the house, and how it will affect them. They do not have any control over the media and what their views are on the contestants. The Media imply that the companies of these particular shows use the contestants are warned several times about the shows disadvantages before hand. Big Brother establishes authority over the contestants by controlling their actions by issuing