The Effects of Dental Anxiety Online Support Groups: Evaluating the Difference between Lurkers & Posters
The Effects of Dental Anxiety Online Support Groups: Evaluating the Difference between ‘Lurkers’ & ‘Posters’ Dental anxiety has been recognized as a prevalent problem in the world today. Despite advances made in the field of dentistry, more than 50% of the general population still feel some distress and uneasiness in attending dental treatment and a small but significant amount of individuals (7 - 12%) experience dental phobia (Coulson & Buchanan, 2008). Primarily, dental anxiety or phobia often causes one to avoid dental treatment, which often result in the development of poor oral health. Individuals who perceive fear as an important barrier to dental care tend to have more dental imperfections compared to those who perceive less potential barriers to attending dental treatment (Cohen, Fiske & Newton, 2000). In occasions where dentally anxious individuals are able to attend dental treatment, dental practitioners often report stressful experiences in providing treatment (Humphries & Peacock, 1993). Besides that, negative psychosocial effects such as regularly having negative feelings and thoughts, fear, insomnia and impaired social functioning are generally associated with individuals who experience dental anxiety (Cohen et al., 2000). Patients often report a great deal of shame and embarrassment as an impact of their anxiety or phobia, (Moore, Brodsgaard &
The Development of Clinical Governance in Indonesia
Student Name: YULLIS HEWIS RN: 07152898 Word Count: 3036 (exclude References) Programme: MSc Advancing Pharmacy Practice Assignment: Essay Module: Clinical Governance "DESCRIBE THE FRAMEWORK FOR CLINCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE UK, AND CRITICALLY ANALYSE HOW THIS COMPARES TO INDONESIA IN TERMS OF PHARMACY SERVICES OR HEALTHCARE DELIVERY" PREFACE The good governance system in clinical domain was developed, pioneered by British National Health Service (NHS) in the 90s with the term of Clinical Governance (CG). The definition is stated in the document of A First Class Service: Quality in the New NHS, as: "A framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish." (Scally and Donaldson, 1998) This definition has been interpretated in many ways among those who have a duty of care to patients and carer, based on the professional values an perceptions. And the core of the thought, CG is continous and long term improvement on quality, which is focusing and prioritising on patients, and this means ensuring patient safety under high standards. The principles of CG apply to all those who provide or manage patient care services in the NHS (A First Class Service - Quality in the New NHS,
The Impact of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis on a Young Adult.
The Impact of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis on a Young Adult Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E) is a condition which until very recently, little was known. It is a debilitating disorder, which is characterised by chronic fatigue; this fatigue is not made easier by rest and is often made significantly worse by any kind of mental or physical exertion. The illness will in most cases considerably reduce the sufferers' ability to cope with and carry out 'normal' day-to-day activities such as household tasks, social engagements and employment. Due not only to the illness itself but also to the impact that the illness has on the sufferer psychologically it will also cause depression, mood swings and a general feeling of emotional fragility. Also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (C.F.S) M.E is thought to affect 150,000 people in the U.K alone (M.E Association figures) the effects this condition has on sufferers can be massively varied, in extreme cases the sufferer can be rendered bed-ridden for significant periods of time, whilst others may appear to be able to function in a way that is associated with normality, but are in fact suffering from tiredness, constant pain and a feeling of permanent sickness. The condition of M.E does, therefore, have a great impact not only on the sufferers but also on family members that provide care for relatives with M.E. There is also an impact on
The roles of social, economic and biological factors in the prevention and control of cholera, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS
The roles of social, economic and biological factors in the prevention and control of cholera, malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS * CHOLERA The disease Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It has a short incubation period, from less than one day to five days, and produces an enterotoxin, choleragen, that causes copious, painless, watery diarrhoea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not promptly given with often vomiting also occurs in most patients. Vibrio cholerae is often found in the aquatic environment and is part of the normal flora of brackish water and estuaries. It is often associated with algal blooms (plankton), which are influenced by the temperature of the water. Human beings are also one of the reservoirs of the pathogenic form of Vibrio cholerae the reason being why they are so commonly attacked. Contaminated water and food spread cholera. Sudden large outbreaks are usually caused by a contaminated water supply. Only rarely is cholera transmitted by direct person-to-person contact. In highly endemic areas, it is mainly a disease of young children, although breastfeeding infants are rarely affected. Economic and social impact In addition to human suffering caused by cholera, cholera outbreaks cause panic, disrupt the social-economic structure and can impede development in the affected
The Relationship Between Protein Misfolding and Human Diseases
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND HUMAN DISEASES DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF PROTEIN MISFOLDING: Folding and unfolding of proteins are crucial factors which determine the biological activity and targeting to various cellular locations (Vendruscolo et al., 2003). Synthesis of various proteins is initiated by ribosomes through the cellular information contained in the DNA. Formation of proteins begins by synthesis of amino acids and the process in which the amino acids transform is described as protein folding (Hardesty and Kramer, 2001). Protein folding depends upon multiple contributing and intrinsic properties of amino acids and forms the basis of many cellular functions. One of the most common mechanisms which are prevalent in many diseases is the aggregation of misfolded proteins escaping the quality control measures of the cell (Vendruscolo et al., 2003). The relative thermodynamic and kinetic properties are responsible for the interconversion of folding and misfolding states. These conversions are highly regulated by proteolytic enzymes, molecular chaperones and environment and the failure of the regulation is main cause for protein misfolding and diseases associated with it (Dobson, 2004). Figure 1: Depiction of Amyloid fibril with a representation of its highly misfolded structure (Adapted from Dobson, 2004) In relation to protein misfolding and the
This report aims to outline the processes, eligibility criteria and Medicare funding involved with IVF in Australia, and discusses in-depth two ethical issues associated with IVF in relation to the 42 year old woman scenario.
________________ Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Introduction: Processes of IVF: IVF in Australia: Eligibility Criteria: Medicare Funding for IVF: Ethical Issues of IVF: Rights of the Mother: Rights of the Child: Conclusion: Reflection: Appendix – References: ________________ Introduction: In vitro Fertilisation (IVF) encompasses the fertilisation of an egg by sperm outside of the human body and is currently a leading treatment for infertility. This report aims to outline the processes, eligibility criteria and Medicare funding involved with IVF in Australia, and discusses in-depth two ethical issues associated with IVF in relation to the 42 year old woman scenario. Processes of IVF: Sources: (City Fertility Centre, 2009), (HCF, 2013) & (Virtus Health, 2013) Source: (Virtus Health, 2013) Source: (Virtus Health, 2013) IVF in Australia: IVF treatment is currently only available through the private healthcare system and despite overwhelming desires by infertile couples to have children; the cost of IVF fertility is still quite high as a result of insufficient support from the public healthcare system. Despite Australia’s relatively high first-treatment pregnancy rate of 47% and 19% for women under 30 and over 40 respectively (Virtus Health, 2013),
Discuss the care of one patient from a participating placement area that demonstrates establishing a therapeutic relationship in the short term setting including advocacy, and the use of clinical science knowledge
'Discuss the care of one patient from a participating placement area that demonstrates establishing a therapeutic relationship in the short term setting including advocacy, and the use of clinical science knowledge'. Introduction. This essay will discuss the care given to a patient whilst on placement at an NHS treatment centre. It will demonstrate the development towards establishing a therapeutic relationship within the short term setting, whilst including advocacy, and the use of clinical science knowledge, for the reason of the patient's attendance. In accordance with The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) Code of Professional Conduct Guidance on confidentiality permission has been given by all participants involved to discuss the case. In addition pseudonyms will be used to maintain anonymity and therefore the patient will be refer as Mrs Moore, the Consultant/endoscopist Mr Thomas and the student will be named Jill. The event unfolded as follows. Mrs Moore had been experiencing chronic abdominal discomfort but had been too busy and fearful to take action. However, she eventually consulted her GP complaining various ailments including, stomach pains, fatigue, weakness, occasional vomiting of blood and unusually dark faeces. Following the consultation an appointment was made with Mr Thomas, at the treatment centre to discuss her concerns and thoroughly
Advanced directives
Introduction This assignment will explore ethical, legal and professional issues surrounding advanced directives. The writer will attempt to objectively critique the literature relating to the study area and it's relevance to issues of justice and diversity. The assignment will employ the four principles of health care these being, justice, autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence. Considerations of the findings of the review, the implications for practice and the impact on care provision will be discussed and a conclusion containing a reflective summery of the process of enquiry considering how the writer's individual values, beliefs and attitudes have been challenged. What is an Advanced Directive? Advanced directives are a way for patients to exercise their right by preparing for a time when they may lose their capacity to make or communicate a decision and allows a competent adult to indicate which treatments they would or would not want to have at the end of life, if they were to become seriously ill and were then unable to state their values and wishes (Davis, Aroskar, Liaschenko and Drought 1997) see appendix. When making an advanced directive a person is asking the medical profession not to give them certain medical treatment. (Dimond 2002). Legal, Ethical and Professional Discussion In 1976 Joe Quinlan asked a US Court to allow him to make a legal decision for
The Renaissance was a time of good medical progress but very few practical advantages
Assessment Essay: The Renaissance. Hypothesis "The Renaissance was a time of good medical progress but very few practical advantages." Introduction The Renaissance means rebirth, part of this was the rebirth of medicine. It was a time when the Greek ideas on medicine and methods of scientific investigation were rediscovered. People began to question the rules of the Middle Ages. They began to investigate and experiment for the best treatments and real causes of disease. It began with the Arabs coming to Italy, showing the Europeans the old Greek ideas. What caused people to be healthy or unhealthy in the Renaissance? The same things that caused people to be unhealthy in the Middle Ages were there in the Renaissance. People relied very much upon the land, if there was a bad harvest, it would lead to famine, malnutrition and ill health causing people to die. If there was a good harvest then people would live well as they would live in healthier conditions. Public health had improved a little from the Middle Ages, most improvements were due to the plague in the 17th century but the connection between lack of hygiene and disease had still not been made. Most public health measures were to take the smell (which they thought caused disease) of waste - and the waste itself - away and into the river, were it would pollute the water. The Great Plague started in 1665, brought
What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy The word originating from the ancient Greek word "epilepsia", meaning seizure, epilepsy has been recognized throughout history. The disease can be traced back to references made to the disease in literature written hundreds and hundreds of years ago. For example, in ancient Egypt, epilepsy was considered a sacred disease because of the belief that a god had entered the person. But by the medieval times, epilepsy was called the "falling sickness" and was thought to be caused by demons possessing the person.1 Today, however, we have come to know a great deal more about the medical nature of the disease, as it has continued to be a threat to our very existence. Today's knowledge of the disease can better answer to the patient's needs than it did just a few years ago. New discoveries about the disease and advancements in how to deal with the disease are being made everyday. Today, epilepsy and seizures are classified into their many different forms, some suggests as to the origins and the causes of the disease have been provided, and a wide range of diagnosis and treatment options are offered. "Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by short, recurrent, periodic attacks of sensory and motor malfunctions called seizures. Epileptic seizures are initiated by abnormal discharges of electricity from the brain. They occur suddenly and overwhelm the patient