Explain the effects of discriminatory practice, within an early years setting.

(M2) Explain the effects of discriminatory practice, within an early years setting.

Socialising

By exploring of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice childcare workers will come to understand the effect it can have more fully. Changing individual view is not easy, as this is frequently based on the earliest influence are describe as primary and secondary socialisation. Primary socialisation is the impact of immediate family and social groups on a child life. Secondary socialisation is the impact of social contacts on a child, outside the child’s immediate family and social groups, including teachers, Early Years professionals, per groups and so no. When face with examples of negative practice that you in the past might found acceptable, childcare workers need to explore the alternative views or ideas, reevaluating your previous thoughts and feelings based on the new information and understanding care workers have gain..

Low self- esteem

Children who are discriminated against feel worthless and useless. Sometimes child feels they are not worth while or valuable. Children measure their own worth by the responses they get from adult and children who are considerable to them. They need to experience the approval and acceptance of these people to develop feelings of self- approval and self- acceptance. . A child with low self-esteem will often give up on a task earlier than other children as they assume that they cannot achieve it.

Training Staff and Parent

Setting should have policies on anti-discriminatory practice Training should be provided to keep staff up to date with policies and procedures. Childcare setting should send staff on causes like going for a first aid training causes and child protection cause. The person registered should up date new staff and students who work in their setting about their policies and procedures. Nursery and schools should train parent by involving supporting as participant in home learning activities, including supervising assigned home works and daily reading to their children to support classroom learning, Parents should be invited to support their children by attending parents conferences and school events, including parents meetings or event, assemblies and sports event. Settings and schools should encourage parents by training and information, in appropriate language, to meet their parental obligation. Staff should train parents to monitor their children’s television viewing as well as their use of free time.

Self- fulfilling prophecy

If young children are constantly bombarded with negative images on the child, they will come to believe them to be true. If left unchallenged, a negative image becomes a self- fulfilling prophecy especially if the image portrayed is important to the child. For example if childcare workers using language, like saying this child is nought or lazy they have label that child.

Anxiety

Children who experience anxiety may become overwhelmed by their feelings of tension and worry. They become less able to concentrate and are easily distracted from what they are doing. Children become unfocused when they are worry about something they want to talk about. For example fi a child is being discriminated against because of his/ her race, gender, nationality, or disability they become worry about it.

Bullying

Children can bully other children because of their sizes, cultural background, race and disability. That is being discriminated against; Bulling can vary harmful to children who have been bullied. Children who have been bullied against feels withdrawer. They always feel not wanted around others thinking that they have done something wrong they cannot not explained. Some children are afraid of talking to their parent, and do not want to go to school because they have been bullied. All childcare settings have stated policies and procedures dealing with bullying. These policies should be known and understood by staff. Children and parent should be aware of the related rules where appropriate. Clearly policies will depend on the age of the children who attend the setting.

To combat anti- discriminatory practice childcare workers and school teachers should do something about bulling by setting up a policy on bullying.

Childcare workers and school teachers should encourage the child who is been bullied to feel secure. Workers should reassure the victim that it is not their fault. Find out why the bullier may need to bully another child, they may need help themselves. Childcare workers and school teachers should encourage the children to talk openly about bullying.

Depression

For many children, depression is linked to stressful life events, such as prejudice

If a child is been discrimination against he or she get depress, they stop talking to other children. When a child is depressed they have low self- esteem, and feeling not belonging in the childcare setting. Therefore early years workers have to make decision about how to help other all the time they are working. By seeking professional help by setting up an appointment to see the child’s parent for the child to see child cicatrices, who can help the child to overcome his or her depression.

Physical and Emotional abuse

If a child

Children who suffer from physical abuse have had many unusual injuries or injuries that can't be explained. The child may seem sad and cries a lot. Fights with classmates, acts out in the classroom, or destroys things; throws toys across a room or is violent toward a pet or other child. A child that suffers from physical abuse always seems very tired; talks about trouble sleeping and often has nightmares. Afraid of a parent or other adults, like teachers or baby-sitters. If a child has be physically abuse by another child, or parent spends a lot of time at the playground and doesn't want to go in the classroom either at home after school, as if afraid of something there.

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Not all child abuse is physical. Emotional abuse is one of the most common and harmful forms of child abuse. Making fun of a child, name calling, always finding fault, and showing no respect can damage a child's self-esteem. When emotional abuse occurs often and over a long period of time, it can have a lifelong impact. It can affect a child's happiness. May find it hard to make friends. May avoid doing things with other children and being places where he's expected to love, and tend to be pushy and aggressive towards other children. Children who suffer from emotional abuse might have hard time learning, or have problems such as bed-wetting or soiling. Children could become self-destructive, injuring his or herself, or even attempting suicide. Under (standard 13) States that the person registered and staff should complies with local child protection procedures approved by the Area child protection Committee and ensure that all adults working and looking after children in the provision are able to put the procedures into practice.

Discrimination on staff

Staff can be discriminated against at work by an employer or another member of staff. A member of staff may not want to sit next to someone because he or she has a prejudice about the other staff. They may use different body language when they have a prejudice towards another member of staff. When a member of staff is being discriminated against, it courses stress to them and they loss concentration on their work. They will not carry out their work as they use to do. Some staff may even think of living their job, because of the way they been treated.

It is very important for childcare workers to recognise hoe discrimination can happen and to make sure that they do not discriminate against anyone in their own professional practice. As Professionals working in early years they have a duty to challenge any discriminatory behaviour that they see. Setting should stop any discrimination by taking action to stop staff and children being harmed or having their right ignored.

Identifying the ways in which values and principles early years setting affecting individuals

Confidentiality

Early years workers must make sure that all information about children and their families must never be discuss without the consent of the family, expect in the interest of protecting the child.
For example if a childcare worker notice any signs of abuse, then that information can pass on in order to protect the child.
Breaking confidentiality can affect a child’s life, and it may lead to disciplinary action or dismissal.

Equality of opportunity

Equality or opportunity means enabling people to have an equal chance, whatever their race, gender, religion, disability or social background.
Each child is individual and special.
Early years workers should remember to treat children equally dose not means treating all of them the same.
It is important to treat each child with equal concern. For example, if a child is been discriminated against because of his or her colour that can have on effect on the child.

Self – presentation

Self- presentation is very important when working in early year’s setting.
Self- presentation means your appearances, and this includes Personal hygiene, which means clean hair, teeth, hands and nails.
Many children or relatives may view body odour or a dirty appearance in an early year’s worker as a sign of not caring about other.
That alone can affect you, the parents and the rest of the team you are working with.
Early year’s workers need to behave appropriately in order to show respect for children and parents.
Lifestyle habit such as smoking need to be carefully thought through.
Many parents may be concerned that their children may grow up to copy what they see adults doing.
Smoking in front of children is bad practice, and you may be sending a massage that smoking is good.
Most parents may find this offensive, and it can affect you the early year worker and the setting you are working for.

Identifying the ways in which values and principles early years setting affecting individuals

Being unreliable

If a member of staff is unreliable it will have an effect to the rest of the team. Most childcare settings have a heavy workload. If a member of staff turns up late or do not let people know where he or she is, this leaves other member of staff to do work that he or she is expected to do. Even if the work is covered, it send a massage to them that you don’t care about you working colleagues or the children you are working with. For example, assuming we have planed an outing for the children in our setting and the necessary arrangement has been done such as sending letters to all parents to help us on that day. The parents turn up on time but my colleague that we suppose to be taken the children out did not turn up. No phone call from her this can an effect to the parents and children as she has proof to be unreliable, and did not follow the principle of the setting.

Attitudes and values

We are not born with a set of values and attitude; we start to develop values mainly from our parents. Building relationships with children, parents and co- workers in work place is an important part of an early year workers role. As an early year’s worker, it is important to consider our attitudes towards some of the issues relating the way we care for children. If we have strong feelings about some issues they may affect the way we work with children and others. For example, discriminating against a child can have an effect on the child. Such as name calling or bullying. As a childcare worker one of the values and principles of the early years is never to discriminate against the users.

Boundaries

Is about a line that you draw on been a professional. What is appropriate and what is not. When working in a childcare setting there should be boundaries between you and the children and their parents. As a childcare worker setting boundaries may help you feel safe in your working environment. As a professional you need to decide how much time it is right for you to give to children. Also how far you should become emotional involved with the children and their parents. Having a good relationship with children and there is not a bad thing, but there should be a limits between you and them. If these boundaries are cross there will be no respects, and it can have an effect on the children, parent and even you as a professional worker.

(D1) Explain how early years can promote anti- discriminatory practice

Creating a positive environment

All schools and nurseries where there is less diversity of background, the use of resources that reflect a multicultural society adds to the richness of the provision for all children and prepares them for their adult’s lives in a multicultural society.

By promoting a positive environment that celebrates language diversity setting can develop the experience of all children, while at the same time valuing the experiences of bilingual children. All children can benefit from positive surroundings that recognise individual needs and embraces cultural difference are more likely to be value and understand in childcare setting where diversity is seen as a positive quality to be respected. Environment where their culture are recognised and reflected in the provision of books and resources for the children’s use

Encouraging positive behaviour

Positive behaviour is for a child can be subjective, in general, our society values independent individualistic and self- assertive people who are to use personal self-rule and decision making. This means all child care workers should be aware of their own value and attitudes. There are, however many across the world accepted, positive aspects of behaviour and these should be encouraged, for example, sharing, turn taking, considering others and showing caring and compassionate behaviour. It is important that children should be able to negotiate and see other point of view. Another goal for our children is that they should learn to handle their emotions and cope with difficulties and stress. This can be encouraged by adult modeling such behaviour in a day to day activity and rewarding through praise and support where they follow suit.

Staff interaction with parents

The first thing parent look for when they enter classrooms is the way staff responds to them when they arrived. Parent also s look and neat classroom is. Staff should make sure that all areas are well divided and materials should be at a child's level. Staff should make sure that the Rooms are decorated in children's art work. The classroom should be organized and clean, and have a lot of materials; toys before parent arrive with their children. The room should be divided into different learning areas and should be suitable to the children’s developmental levels. The interaction between staff and parents should me maintain at all times. Staff should be warm and friendly and should greet parents with a warm welcome, smile showing eye contact when talking to parent. The parent would make a decision about the setting on the way the staff initially greets them.

Valuing diversity

Understanding and acceptance of family diversity is essential for childcare workers. Children can benefit from a setting that embraces cultural and linguistic diversity. Cultural differences are more likely to be value and understood on a childcare environment where difference is seen as a positive quality to be valued. In schools and nurseries where there is less diversity of background, the use of resources that reflect a multicultural society adds to richness of provision for all children and prepares them for their adult lives in multicultural society. Discrimination must be actively opposed. A positive working environment is achieve mainly through attitudes and behaviour, and improved by provision of resources. Diversity refers to the range of individual people, each with differing level of ability, from a variety of culture and religion, and each with their own experiences that make up a group or society.

Anti- bias Practice

It is very important to promote differentiation these differences include treating everyone with equally concern, language barrier, social class, race, gender, disability and appearance. In view of this there is no guarantee that anti- bias approach in early years setting will abolish discrimination or change attitudes and values amongst children, families, or staff. Setting deliver an anti- bias curriculum are ensuring that all children and families receive positive massages about themselves and this will help to offset negative stereotypes that may be present already in even the youngest children. Anti –bias approach affect every aspect of provision form advertising the setting, admission policy, staff recruitment selection, training, resources, equipment, the curriculum, routines and various policies and procedures of the setting. For example, an anti -bias approach might lead to behaviour policy, which highlights zero tolerance of name calling verbal behaviour or abusive discrimination. If an anti- bias approach is not taken seriously discrimination may block children’s full access to the formal early year’s curriculum.

Anti- discrimination practice

Anti –discrimination practice actively opposes discrimination by implementation of policies and practices designed to rid society of barriers and discrimination. Anti –discrimination put equal opportunities into action and means that positive steps are taken to combat the various types of discrimination. As professionals early year’s workers role and duty is to make sure that children are value and not discriminated against either by adults or by other children. Early years workers should make sure that children in there care are seen as being individual and special

Equal opportunities policy

Equal opportunity enabling people to have an equal chance of participating in life to the best of their abilities, whatever their gender, race, religion, disability or social background. The person registered and staff activity promotes equal opportunity and anti discriminatory for all children. The registered biggest reviews, an equal opportunities policy that is regular with present legislation and guidance. All staff and volunteers understand and instrument this policy and it is available to parent. All children and adults are treated with equal concern and the registered person has view to the point anti discriminatory good practice the registered should promote equal opportunities with regards to employment, training, admission to care and access to resources, activities and facilities available. The registered should work together with parent to ensure that children’s records involve information, which enables proper care to be given.

Children should achieve their full potential without discrimination barriers which leads to disadvantage and which deny them from their legitimate and legal right.

Equality is also about valuing individuals in respect of their gender, race, culture, religion disabilities and lifestyle. Offering and providing equal chances to everyone in society, irrespective of difference within people. Valuing diverse, multicultural, multilingual, and multiracial society.

Equality

Equality is about treating people fairly and meeting their individual needs. Equality means making sure children in child care setting seen as been individual and special; children should achieve their full potential without discrimination barriers which leads to disadvantage and which deny them from their legitimate and legal right. Equality is also about valuing individuals in respect of their gender, race, culture, religion disabilities and lifestyle. Offering and providing equal chances to everyone in society, irrespective of difference within people .valuing diverse, multicultural, multilingual, and multiracial society.

Policies and procedures

Policies and procedures are statement that explains a setting’s values, procedures and aim. Every setting should have a policy foe anti- discriminatory practice or equal opportunities. Pre- school setting that do not have such a policy may not achieved registration, having a policy is a requirement of standard 9.Standard 9: Equal opportunities states that the registered parson and staff actively promote equality of opportunity and anti- discriminatory practices. It is important that all members of staff read standard 9 and understand its implicatio

Review policies

As every aspect of early years practice, the setting should be reviewed and considered regularly. As a student in a new placement the questions you should be asking are dose the policy really work, for example dose the policy reflect current views and attitudes. For example, with reference to SEN code of practice.

if possible, you may wish to ask people outside the setting to comment on your anti- discriminatory practice policy. Sometimes it is easier for an outsider to notice ‘gaps’ or areas that require further work. Sometimes these policies are left untouched and become outdated. It therefore important to review the policies in setting and check that they reflect current anti- discriminatory practice. For example you may find out that policy on working with parent dose nit emphasis the important of respecting different lifestyles. It is a good idea for everyone on the staff team to look at policies and think about weather they reflect the setting’ practice. Furthermore, it is important that staff agree to policies rather than simply paying ‘lip service’. As well as having a policy setting need a procedure to follow when there is a breach of policy.

Language

Language is a powerful tool weather it is written, spoken or non- verbal gestures, etc. Language is the most efficient tool of communication. If it used positively, it can communicate respect, and value, self worth and self- esteem. Language can be use to confront. To do this, we must use the right words in the right context and remember that some meaning of words change over. People need to identify who they are and not have labels imposed upon them. We need to reflect on our attitudes, motives, feelings, thought and behaviour. We also need to examine our use of language and be aware of changing definitions, the reason these for these changes, and vary our use of language accordingly. Above all, when talking to others, treat them as you would like to be treated yourself - with respect. If language is negatively, it can devalue and belittle, it can be unpleasant and harmful, insulting and derogatory, it can stereotype negatively, show prejudice, be disapproving, and lead to feelings of domination. It can effect discrimination.

Childcare workers should use language positively, especially in display, stories, songs; etc childcare workers should encourage children to use language other than English. Let children use other language in which they are fluent to tell stories and share in this; let them translate for you. Workers should participate with parents and members of the community. They should use a variety of language on displays, notice and letters. Childcare workers should choose stories, books and other resources that challenge negative stereotypes. Consider other form of communication that is used in society. Such as sign language and Braille. Care workers should explain to children words that are appropriate and words that shouldn’t be used. Childcare workers have to remember that children’s ages and stages of development are crucial when giving explanation.

Providing a positive Environment

In any schools or nursery where there is less diversity of background, the use of possessions that reflect a multicultural society adds to richness of the provision for all children for prepares them for their adult lives in a multicultural society. By promoting a positive impression that celebrate language and diversity we can develop the understanding of all the children, while at the same time valuing the experiences of bilingual children. A positive working environment is achieved primarily through the attitude and behavior of all the members of the organization. It can be improved by the provision of equipment and activity that avoid cultural and gender bias and present positive images of all children, including those with disabilities.

All children can gain from a positive environment that recognizes individual needs and embrace cultural diversity are more likely to be valued .They more likely to experience equality of opportunity and feel valued in a positive environment where their culture are recognised and reflected in the provision of books and resources for their use.

Equipment

Equipment, furniture and toys which are suitable their purpose and help to create an achievable and stimulating environment. They are of suitable design and condition, well maintained and conform to safety standards. The person registered ensures that adequate, suitable toys and play materials are available to provide stimulating activates and play. Furniture, toys and equipment on the premises are in good repair and comply to the safety standards or (safety) regulation (1995) where appropriate. In public playground the person registered ensure that the children do not use faulty equipment. Activities, toys and equipment are appropriate for children age and provided varied sensory opportunities and experiences both indoor and outdoor.

Positive image

Display positive images in setting. Black people, women and people with disabilities are under- represented in the wider visual environment, Setting should choose images that challenges stereotypes, for example, a black barrister, disable doctors, a woman police officer. A range of different languages, for example dual language books. Staff should books and posters that cover positive images, including boys and girls in non- traditional roles, and people from different part of the world.

Posters

Posters and wall display: including boys and girls in non-tradition roles. They should show different cultures and religions. A range of different languages of books. For example, dual language books to explain activities. Posters should be relevant, bright colours and portray multicultural images for the benefit of both children and visitors to the early years setting. Posters with different languages, Different customs, food, dress, and activities. A range of different languages. Disable people carrying out the same task as everyone else, and joining in activities along side able bodies people. Girls and boys in caring roles, or carrying out task when doing activities.

Resources

Resources for practical activity that enable ail children to participate fully and represent themselves and their culture

Books

Books: should be bright and colorful with clear images to attract young children. Books with dull, boring pictures will not come as something worthy of investigation. Use your knowledge of the children to provide a range of books in line with the range of interests enjoy by them. Chose a mixture with well know books and new books. For exsample inappropriate images and missing pages, use different types of books for exsample picture books textured books or books with photographs or familiar people and places. Picture books, which are suitable for those children whose first language is not English and for younger children, but will enjoy by many of the children in the setting.

Puzzles

Puzzles: can be for table or floor use, and can have large and small pieces. It is very important to consider different levels of manipulative skills. The use of large pieces will help less able child, as puzzles with study knobs to lift and place pieces, and issues of positives images apply in the same way as with books and stories

By concluding this report, I have identify what id discrimination, direct and indirect discrimination, gender, stereotyping and labelling, disability discrimination, the children Act (1989) the race relation Act, (1976) and (200) amendment, Sex discrimination Act (1975 and 1986), the disability discrimination (1995), The Education Act (1981) The Education Act (1993), and so no. I have explained the effects of discrimination and how it affects children in setting schools, staff and other members of the public. Also I have explain discrimination can affect someone life by letting them a low self- esteem and other courses that affects discrimination. It can also course depression an anxiety and stress. I have Aexplain hoe early years can promote anti- discriminatory practice in settings and schools. Most of my findings are from books, internet and knowledge that I have acquired from placement and handout fro (Denise Lodge) I think there should not be any form of discrimination in any schools nursery, or any where else. Professional working in childcare setting must combat discrimination at any time, to promote anti- discriminatory.