Review of the question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects.
Review of the question of peacekeeping operations in all their aspects The Problem There are currently 15 UN peacekeeping operations around the world. Of these only five, all in the Middle East and on Cyprus, were approved before 1990. The end of the Cold War saw an immense increase in the amount of peace operations around the world. It also saw a great change within these operations. From being a force that was set up after the signing of a peace treaty, with the responsibility of creating and possibly enforcing, peace and security along the borders, peacekeeping became a force that was introduced into areas where fighting was brought to a stalemate or where international pressurea had brought fighting to a halt but at least one of the parties to the conflict was not serious in its intentions to end the confrontation. This meant that the United Nations peace operations did not deploy into a post-conflict situation but rather had to try to create one. This further, in many cases left it unclear what the mandate of the forces was and soldiers were forced to stand by and watch terrible atrocities being committed. In Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Bosnia the traditional rules of peacekeeping were proven to cause terrible disasters. In 2000 Secretary General Kofi Annan set up a Panel on UN Peace Operations to investigate the problems and to make frank, specific and realistic
A Sense Of Security in Nella Larsen's "Passing"
1/22/03 Dominick Vargas A Sense Of Security In Nella Larsen's "Passing," we are shown Irene Redfield's thoughts and commentary on her encounters with Clare Kendry. Irene presents herself as a wealthy, well educated, sophisticated woman and a respected member of the Harlem community. Conversely, she describes Clare as traitor to her people and socially undesirable due to the fact that she passes as white and marries a white man. Although Irene expresses great contempt for Clare, she also possesses a deep admiration for her. This "admiration" could also be translated into sexual attraction which ultimately leads to Clare's death. Throughout the novel, Irene attempts to rationalize her mysterious feelings toward Clare Kendry, but she can not. To Irene, "security was the most important and desired thing in life." Her erotic feelings of adoration for Clare threatened her feeling of security, and that made Irene despise Clare. It is true that "Passing" is profoundly concerned with racial identity. However, before one attempts to address the questions and problems of racial identity, the equally important questions of gender and sexual identity should be addressed. While it is true that Clare is passing, Irene is passing as well. As a Negro, Clare must "pass" to gain security in a white world, but by the same token Irene, a lesbian, must "pass" to gain security in a
Is Globalisation Good for You?
Is Globalisation Good for You? The very nature of the question "Is Globalisation Good for You?" is subjective. It is impossible to give this question any single answer since it is invariably dependent on the viewpoint of the 'observer'. Thus, I will answer this question not just from my perspective - as a resident of a rich MEDC - but I will also give an insight into how globalisation might benefit or hinder people in much poorer nations. The aims of large Transnational Corporations - such as Nike, Dunlop Slazenger and Coca Cola - are, of course, to generate the largest turnover possible. At each stage and for each person within the 'global chain' this will be the incentive. Except in the few cases of slavery, nobody works for nothing. Thus, at least in this respect, everyone is gaining. Therefore, the next logical step in the evaluation of whether globalisation is 'good' is to see who gains most. The largest amount of profit will almost invariably go to the shareholders within the large TNC's. For example, even a relatively small TNC, such as Dunlop Slazenger can make huge amounts of profit, (in this case a £165 million annual turnover.) Larger TNC's like Coca Cola often have turnovers larger than small countries. Clearly the MEDCs, where the headquarters of such corporations are generally located, benefit hugely. Many people would argue that the workers of such
The Security Dilemma. by evaluating two other schools of international relations theoryin this case, Liberal Institutionalism and The Democratic Peace Theoryone came come to a more informed understanding of ways to mitigat
The Security Dilemma Rob Ranson GOVT 006-019: Introduction to International Relations October 5, 2011 The concept of the Security Dilemma asserts that in an anarchical international system, states will take actions that will make their state more secure, while concurrently--and unintentionally--menacing other states and making them less secure. Prior to discussing the Security Dilemma, it is necessary to evaluate why states are inclined to pursue power--and what the implications of pursuing such power are--by taking the perspective of a structural realist. Then, by evaluating two other schools of international relations theory--in this case, Liberal Institutionalism and The Democratic Peace Theory--one came come to a more informed understanding of ways to mitigate the Security Dilemma, and apply it to the current Indo-Pakistani relations. According to structural realists, the Security Dilemma is the situation in which nations take actions for the enhancement of its security, which eventually cause other states to respond with similar procedures because they sense a threat. These reciprocated actions result in tensions that can lead to conflict, even if neither of the nations intended to intimidate the other. Because of this, the Security Dilemma implies that a state cannot increase its national security--whether by increasing its military force, or developing atomic
General Analysis of The First Presidential Debate
Mitu Quan Political Rhetoric 04 Dr. Marla Del Collins General Analysis of The First Presidential Debate The surge of violence in Iraq marked by the death of more than fifty people (most of them children), on the 30th of September 2004,intensified the overall significance of the first presidential debate between Democratic contender, Senator John Kerry and President George W. Bush that evening. In the span of ninety minutes, the candidates not only attacked one another verbally, but also, in their unwavering beliefs in what is best for America, attempted to convince the viewers that they are the most desirable of the two candidates. The greatly anticipated presidential debate of the election of 2004 commenced at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. Though the spectacle touched upon issues such as homeland security, Afghanistan and North Korea, the major portion of the event was devoted to the war in Iraq. In the end, it was a great debate in that America was given a true taste of just what each candidate had to offer. From the very start of that evening, Bush attempted to assert the improvement on the state of the war in Iraq by stressing that under his presidency, the US is winning the so called, "war on terror". Furthermore, Bush embossed this idea publicly through the repetition of his election campaign slogan-"We're making progress" in Iraq. In his
Coexistence in the Middle East
The Future of the Middle East: It is in our hands Coexistence is a condition in which two or more groups live together peacefully by respecting their differences, communicating as an entity, and solving their possible conflicts non-violently. The term used to describe this state was introduced during the Cold War, where the idea of "peaceful coexistence" was used to attempt to describe the relations between the US and the USSR. Coexistence was initially utilized to cover up for their constant aggression, which later evolved as a guide for reframing a relationship between their powers. When one looks at the current state of the Middle East, coexistence is probably the last term to come to mind. Coming from that part of the world, I am a person always in search of some form of absolute truth, whether or not that really exists, and how much of an impact it has on my life. The core of seeking truth comes from understanding and gaining knowledge of current, past, and reoccurring issues. There are some parts of the world where conflicts never seem to die and as Middle Easterners living in the West, we must examine how much, or how little "coexistence" means in the lives of our real homes. Unfortunately the answer for this question depends on who is answering it, and where they are from. The news will portray each nation will point fingers at its enemy (who is their neighbor), we
Leapfrogging and Third World Media Policy
Neha Vaish COM2000 Debate Summary 2 Negative Team 20/Sept/2004 Topic: Leapfrogging and Third World Media Policy "The implantation of leapfrogging policy benefits nations of the developing world." The topic of leapfrogging policy which many of us were unfamiliar with before studying this section is indeed an important one to consider when looking at other issues that come into relation, such as cultural imperialism, globalisation, and third world media policy. Being on the negative team allowed me to look at leapfrogging very critically, and also consider examples in the past where the developed world has dumped agreements on the developing world, and question why this has to be the case. The debate was educational and very well handled, helping me understand the topic better and changing some of my opinions on the related issues. Leapfrogging refers to the idea that third world nations can catch up with developments in the first world by embracing the digital revolution and focusing their resources on the development of new communications infrastructures. In doing so, these nations can bypass the stages of development and modernisation that the developed world has already passed through, and thus they can leapfrog into a prosperous future within the networked global community. These countries have options, so to speak, where they can either adopt the change or
Does realism or liberalism better explain the core dynamics of the international system?
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Does realism or liberalism better explain the core dynamics of the international system? Discuss in light of evidence from the 19th and 20th centuries. The international system is a complex game with various key players ranging from states to multinational corporations to non-governmental organisations. Throughout the development of the international system, there have been various significant events that have led to the current state of affairs and in turn, scholars have developed various theories in an attempt to understand and analyse international relations. The two most prevalent theories are realism and liberalism. Both positivist theories, they exist as polar opposites and offer two different perspectives on the behaviour and relations between states. Some argue that realism best explains these relations and the core dynamics of the international system but this essay will argue that it is in fact liberalism which better explains it. This will be argued in light of evidence from the 19th and 20th centuries which will show that although realism has played a role in the evolution of the international system, it is liberalism which has been dominant in explaining historical global events. As we know, according to realists, states are primarily concerned with power and survival. Theorists such as Thomas Hobbes argue that mankind is
What are the most significant issues that seem to be emerging from the early chapters of 'To The Wedding', and how is John Berger consciously manipulating the language and structure of his novel in order to present them?
What are the most significant issues that seem to be emerging from the early chapters of 'To The Wedding', and how is John Berger consciously manipulating the language and structure of his novel in order to present them? John Berger's novel 'To The Wedding' is on the surface a story of tragedy, however his style of writing and the devices he uses, make the novel much more than this. The main focus of 'To The Wedding' may appear to be Ninon and her contraction of AIDS, however this is not the case. Berger is very interested in the subjects of emigration; he has himself migrated to France, globalisation, exile, communism and capitalism. These subjects can all be found in 'To The Wedding'. The novel begins as it means to continue with a disembodied voice. A short poem, unexplained, as are many things in Berger's writing, which is an indication of the novel's subject. The 'mariners who long to set sail' are representative of migration. The 'lovers on a bed' indicate the subject of AIDS and the entire poem is symbolic of freedom, for example, the white 'snow, the 'sail' and the 'single sheet' are all blank and therefore showing possibility. The disembodied voice is a significant theme in the novel and it recurs frequently, often posing a rhetorical question, for example, 'How do we decide things?' Berger likes to include subtle references to themes in the novel even before the
Broadcast Journalism and Politics.
Broadcast Journalism and Politics Seminar Presentation Global Coverage: What is reported? History and geography In my presentation to the class I decided to talk about the broadcast coverage of the Iraq war/war on terror in contrast to the coverage of other wars that have happened in the past and in the present World history live is what we are told we are seeing when we see attacks of shock and awe on Baghdad, but is this so called live history exactly what we are led to believe. In the aftermath of September 11th the live broadcast news reel was exploited to maximum. Internet servers couldn't cope with the demand and everyone was watching and waiting for an explanation or more information to what happened and why. Did this the watchers receive this? In many cases raw emotion out does rational analysis of a situation, by the journalists and the watching public. We never see an incident as it happens, we only see the after math. So does this eliminate the idea of as it happens news into a live after math of news? So too the live press conference which is, to be honest, extremely conventional. Is live news history? For the majority it's not surprising but very predictable. The news that we see on T.V is not about long term events but about short term processes. Issues like deterioration of trade, exploitation and repression are often forgotten and replaced by price hikes