Western Front Sources Questions
Andy Gamage 11B 2. Study sources C Use your knowledge of the Western Front to explain why the Government encouraged advertisements like source C to be published in Britain in 1915. The British had 250,000 men at the start of the war. By the summer, they had lost half to dead and injured. The number of casualties after five battles fought with the French in 1915 was an outrageous 298,000. Soldiers on the front line of the Western Front would have been living in extremely harsh conditions. They would have been shelled all day and all night. They had insufficient rations. Disease was rife due to poor sanitary conditions. Consequently, morale was very low. 1915 had not gone well for the allies. They needed to do something for the morale of the soldiers. This would also lift the spirits of their families back home. Source C is a perfect example. This is something that would give the soldiers something to do, smoke. The Government would approve of this picture. The soldiers are looking happy. They are smart, not afraid and living in good conditions. They are being protected by big guns in the background. Advertisements like these were trying to make people think that they were fighting an easy war, one that they would win. If you look at the advertisement you can see soldiers looking calm and cheerful having a smoke in a trench. Their
Political Party. Parties are organizations which contest elections in order to control or influence the exercise of
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M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966), p. 187. In this extract Gilbert defends the policy of appeasement and breaks with the orthodox view of Cato.
3. M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966), p. 187. In this extract Gilbert defends the policy of appeasement and breaks with the orthodox view of Cato. Gilbert points out that appeasement was a policy that the government had adopted after the First World War and had continued to follow after the Second World War. The notable exception to this rule being Suez, which helps to underline how any other policy would be misguided. Gilbert points out that it is wrong to blame the National Government, though mainly Chamberlain, for the policy of appeasement as it was merely the continuation of a long-term policy. It was an attempt to prevent the mistakes of the past, the First World War, being repeated again. Appeasement would help to correct the mistakes of the Treaty of Versailles, notably legitimate German grievances. It was hoped that through this peace could be achieved in Europe. It is pointed out that it was only through the "aggressive, irresponsible behaviour" that appeasement failed, not through the British government. Gilbert also recognises the "morality" in appeasement, suggesting that it was moral as the government had gone through all avenues to attain peace before going to war. Gilbert's The Roots of Appeasement is an example of how the view of Cato's Guilty Men was finally being challenged by the mid 1960s. This orthodox view had
Colvin, The Chamberlain Cabinet (1971), p. 9. In this extract Colvin talks of the effect that the Public Records Act of 1967 will have on the view of the actions of the Chamberlain government, and Chamberlain himself, in the lead up to war.
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The General Strike, 1926
The General Strike, 1926 The Conservative Government proclaimed that by undertaking a General Strike the wide variety of essential industries that were threatening to discontinue their work were being unconstitutional. However it was more that the Conservative Government felt threatened by the potential uprising and possible revolutionary action that could result from the growing support of the labor unions. The Conservative Government became justifiably concerned by the fact that the Labor unions were beginning to acquire control of who was able to work and hence had the power to virtually construct a rival Government in opposition to the Conservatives. With such a large following the potential new Government could have brought about revolutionary changes in the Government at the time and hence the Conservatives were threatened. As a result Baldwin believed that a national strike was an unconstitutional attempt to undermine parliamentary democracy and, in response, he broke off negotiations with the Labor unions. The so-called attack on the community that Sir John Simon alluded to (Ln 5) and the fact that the miners had been deprived of sympathy (Ln 6) were respective to the fact that by joining the miners in their plight, various other labor intensive essential industries such as transport and electricity were also depriving the greater community of the essentials to
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