Explain why, for both physical and human reasons, some coastlines attract more management than others.
Explain why, for both physical and human reasons, some coastlines attract more management than others. Coastal management involves controlling development and change, and undertaking works in the coastal zone. Good management involves taking into account both physical and environmental considerations, as well as the views of local residents and others involved. There are two different types of coastal engineering, the 'hard' and 'soft' strategies. Hard engineering includes man made defences such as sea walls, a costly wall place on the seaward side away from the base of the cliffs needing an additional advanced line of protection such as rocks on their seaward side. Groynes, timber posts and boards which run out to the sea at right angles to trap sediment drifting along the coast. Gabions, cages enclosing shingle or small blocks of rocks, and revetments, defences that are aligned parallel to the shore including post, pillars or walls of rocks placed on the foreshore. Soft engineering includes planting trees and grasses in and around the beach, encouraging sand nourishment by adding more sand, and then most drastically, a managed retreat which involves moving homes and farmland. Physical influences such as the type of wave and fetch can determine the type of management used. For instance, if an area with a high, destructive wave count was not to receive a management scheme,
Understanding natural systems is the key to successful management of coasts. To what extent do you agree with this view?
Understanding natural systems is the key to successful management of coasts. To what extent do you agree with this view? To manage a coast successfully, the effects of erosion, flooding and unwanted deposition must all be minimized as much as possible. Furthermore the protection of people and their property also forms a good basis of good coastal management. It is true that to be able to set up good defences, the natural systems surrounding the coast must be understood, as this ultimately allows the management agencies to fully examine and decide the type of management that should be used. Coastal processes such as erosion and deposition are the main natural systems that affect our coast and thus must be monitored to ensure the best management strategy is in place. However the wave type and the amount of wave energy that is apparent at that stretch of coast ultimately decides the rate of erosion and deposition. The energy input of a wave is due to the wave height; the distance between the crest and the trough, the wave period; the time taken for a wave to travel through one wave length, and the wave steepness; the ratio of the wave height and wave length. Furthermore, the fetch of the wave will also influence the amount of energy that a wave has and therefore a wave with a high-energy value will potentially cause more damage than a wave with a low energy value. Spatial
Hengistbury Head is located in the south of England and has many prevention processes to prevent cliff erosion such as groynes, gabions and revetments.
HENGISTBURY HEAD COURSEWORK INTRODUCTION Hengistbury Head is located in the south of England and has many prevention processes to prevent cliff erosion such as groynes, gabions and revetments. GROYNES: wooden or stone structures on a beach, built at right angles to the shore in order to trap sand and shingle moving by longshore drift. GABIONS: small boulders contained inside metal cages, placed at the foot of the cliff or along a beach to protect them from further erosion. REVETMENTS: Large boulders placed at the foot of the cliff, used to protect a cliff against further erosion by waves. THE AIM OF THE PROJECT The main aim of the project at Hengistbury head is to investigate the management of Hengistbury Head by doing investigations on the physical and natural changes in the surroundings. We are also investigating the erosion and damage of the beach and cliffs and investigating what is being done to prevent this. On the first day of the project at Hengistbury Head, we have to investigate the physical and natural changes to the beach and cliff landscape. We have to investigate the usage of the land at Hengistbury Head, and mention all the physical features and coastal defences that are present at Hengistbury Head. We must also note down all the human features present at the location such as management, archaeological sites, footpaths, car parks and cafes. We must also
Film analysis of Jaws
JAWS COURSEWORK The film that I will be analyzing will be Jaws. The film JAWS was a trend in the summer of 1975 smashing all box office records. Over taking many box office hits and collecting in more than $100million in its initial theatrical run, and launched the career of director Steven Spielberg. The reason why it is set on 4th of July is because it is one of the busiest days of the community and a lot of tourist come down onto the beach. At the beginning of the film the music that's plays at the back ground is soft and quiet. This makes the audience feel suspicious that something is going to happen, as the shark swiftly moves through the weeds in the deep murky water the tension on the audience builds up. The instrument that is playing the music at the background is a cello. This instrument is mostly played at a funeral. The director Steven Spielberg has used the instrument to frighten the audience when ever they hear the music kick in. on the beach when the second attack took place everybody was having fun and playing around. The people on the beach were all relaxed and they were all chilling out by listening to the radio. This makes the audience fill safe and less tense from a shark attack. When the shark attacked its victim there's always a pause of silence. This shows death because there's no more noise of the victim crying for help and crying in pain. It also
"An investigation into the methods of coastal management along Brighton's Coastline and the reasons for them".
Md. Shahajada Chowdhury 1H 5613 Geography Coursework Mr A. Ali 0548 "An investigation into the methods of coastal management along Brighton's Coastline and the reasons for them". Contents Introduction_________________________________________________________________________4-10 Aims__________________________________________________________________________5 Coastal Management_____________________________________________________________6 Hypothesis_____________________________________________________________________6 Longshore Drift_________________________________________________________________6 Costal Damages_______________________________________________________________6-7 Coastal Protection_____________________________________________________________7-9 Hard Engineering________________________________________________7-9 Soft Engineering__________________________________________________9 Facts on Brighton_____________________________________________________________9-10 Methodology_______________________________________________________________________12-89 Data Collection______________________________________________________________15-25 Beach Profiles________________________________________________16-18 Pebble Analysis_______________________________________________19-20 Groyne Measurements__________________________________________21-22 Tourism
"Comparing the mean ratios of shell height/diameter of the Patella spp on an exposed and sheltered shore"
A2 Biology Investigation "Comparing the mean ratios of shell height/diameter of the Patella spp on an exposed and sheltered shore" Rebekah Riley Candidate number: 5037 Centre number: 28384 Background Information Limpets are slow moving molluscs, characteristic of rocky shores and are very well adapted to life on the seashore. They have a hard shell to protect themselves against predators and damage from moving rocks, and a large muscular foot that enables them to clamp firmly onto rocks to conserve water and maintain their position during rough weather. The most common limpet is Patella vulgata. The conical shell of Patella vulgata can be up to 6 cm long with radiating ridges and the apex central or slightly anterior. Orton (1928) has shown that individuals that inhabit the upper shore generally have a taller shell and smaller shell length when compared to juveniles and lower shore organisms. The thickness of shells is believed to be concerned with heat insulation and water conservation. Patella vulgata is found wherever there is a substratum firm enough for its attachment e.g. on rocks, stones and in rock pools, from the upper shore to the sublittoral fringe. It is abundant on all rocky shores of all degrees of wave exposure although the highest densities of Patella vulgata coincide with wave-exposed conditions (Fretter and Graham 1994). The species is not usually
Creative writing - I, David Vivian-Currie, had been used to the upper-class life until I was forced to join the war through National Service.
I, David Vivian-Currie, had been used to the upper-class life until I was forced to join the war through National Service. I had received the dreaded letter on 29th May 1944, a week before it detailed me to leave. I was to help recapture France from the German's. Until I had received the letter, I felt that I had lived quite a pleasant life: I had attended Dunce Hall in North London and, at the age of thirteen, had moved onto Eton, where I became a school prefect in my final year. My father, John Vivian-Currie, was a well-established banker who had always tried to give me the best opportunities in life. After realising his success in banking, I decided to give it a try after I left Eton, and by the age of twenty-five, I had risen to the position of my father's assistant. He had avoided National Service due to age reasons. I however, had not. Due to my schooling I entered the army as captain, so I was in a better position that most of the soldiers. However, I still knew that I had virtually no chance of surviving. Today, 5th June 1944, I was sitting in the tiny transport boat with the remainder of my platoon, preparing ourselves for the journey to France, that would decide the rest of our lives. There was not a cloud in the sky, however, it was still quite brisk, I was glad that I had decided to put an extra pair of breeches on, but it didn't really matter, for I would
An Experiment to Investigate Species Diversity at West Runton Beach.
An Experiment to Investigate Species Diversity at West Runton Beach Aim For this investigation, I am aiming to investigate the species diversity at West Runton Beach. The aim is to research the distributions of substrates, plant life and other organisms, comparing them with each other and relating it to the tidal zonation. This will hopefully show us how each factor of the environment affects the others. The experiment will be a line transect using a quadrant down to parts of the beach; from the shore to the other end; by a groyne and down the middle. I hope also to see how this affects the ecology of the investigated areas. Objectives The objective of this experiment is to see how different factors of environments at this particular beach affect other factors. I intend to learn and gain a broader understanding about niches: which biotic and abiotic factors prefer which conditions. I also intend to see how the populations are structured. Apparatus In order to carry out this experiment we will need the following equipment: One metre squared quadrant A tape measure Pen and paper with clipboard Walking boots or Wellington boots Method To carry out this experiment I will need to maintain the following instructions: . We will do the following by the groyne and down the middle of the beach 2. I will gather all my equipment and make sure everything is prepared
Are the sea defences at Minehead effective and have they enhanced tourism?
Are the sea defences at Minehead effective and have they enhanced tourism? Introduction Minehead is located in the South-west of England, on the Somerset coast (as shown in pictures 1 & 2). The area of sea is subject to the second largest tidal ranges in the world, 14m. Over the years the tides have been a mixed blessing, with it's vary fast running currents. The tides have allowed Minehead to develop into a busy seaside area with their harbour. Minedhead has also been flooded on numerous occasions, for example in 1910, 1936, 1981, 1989, 1990, 1992 and twice in 1996. Picture 1 History/ Background Minehead has had some form of sea defence for several years. When the town was just a small hamlet the only protection from the sea was by a high beach, which was backed by a natural shingle and cobble ridge. However with the town growing rapidly, the ridge was gradually replaced with a masonry wall. Minehead's harbour to the west, 'rip-rap' groynes were placed along the beach which contributed to a major loss of the beach material since the early 20th century. The old sea wall which was under attack was suffering frequent damage, but despite all of its repairs the wall had reached the end of what was called its 'useful life.' This meant that the government and local community found
Birling Gaps and Eastbourne's coastline.
Introduction My project is on Birling Gaps and Eastbourne's coastline. Their grid references are 553,960 (Birling Gap) and 630,003 (Eastbourne). These are both situated in the south east of England on the south east coast. The reason we are doing our work on these particular places is that these places have a recurring problem. Erosion. Birling Gap and Eastbourne are both areas of coastline along the south east of England. We are focusing on these areas because they are areas, which the cliff-face is being eroded away. The erosion is happening at an incredible rate. This is because the cliff is made from chalk, which is a soft and easily eroded rock. Also, another factor affecting the erosion on the cliff is the fact that there is no coastal protection. This is because it is only a small hamlet and has only a few cottages in it. Birling Gap has quite a lot of history to it, a long long time ago it wasn't by the sea. It was miles inland and it was grassy and thriving with animal life. These animals eventually died and their bones and other body parts are what make up the chalk that is there now. The cliff was made very slowly; in fact, every 2 millimetres of cliff took a staggering 75 years to be made. Birling Gap is home to the Seven Sisters. The seven sisters are the seven highest points of the coastline. A diagram of the "seven sisters." A photo of the "Seven