Investigate the effect of on exercise on the heart rate.
Investigate the effect of on exercise on the heart rate. Aim: To find out if there is any relevant link between the amounts of exercise taken to increase a person heart rate. Equipment needed: * Stop watch * Screen volunteer * P.E kit * Calculator * Record sheet Type of exercise: skip for few minutes , then break in between and again repeat it once or twice. Method: First of all, we needed to take the resting heart rate of the person who is about to skip. Then, with the stopwatch one person should be timing how long and the other person should be skipping for about few minutes. The person skipping still continues skipping until the partner tells the person to stop. Immediately the person should find his/her pulse rate and the person should start counting the amount of times the heart beats for a minute or long. Again, the partner will be timing this. Lastly, after recording the heart rate the person should wait for its heart rate to return back to its resting heart rate and again the partner should time it and record the results in the table. In order for my experiment to be fair and gain accurate results I carried out two or three more times so that to see if there have been any changes to the results. I also consider the following points as I thought they would also make a huge difference. Such as I made sure that it was done accurately, not be under the
Modern Agriculture and Environmental Conservation
Is modern agriculture compatible with environmental conservation? Prior to the Second World War, the agricultural systems in many places were reliant on recycling organic matter, rainfall patterns and internal resources. The yields were stable but ordinary and most labour was done by the family. They also had no specialized equipment1. At the end of this war, the modernisation of agriculture advanced with the inventions of farm machines such as the thresher and the cultivator, as well as the increase in use of fertilisers and pesticides2. Today, the modern agriculture provides the food for at least more than 6 billion people around the world and uses almost 40% of the world's land3. To many people, the modern agriculture increased productivity and as a result has reduced the land used in farming. The enhanced use of farming mechanisms meant that the need for human and animal labour has greatly decreased. This in turn helped reduce food costs and the necessity to develop additional land in which to feed the working animals on. Furthermore, the cutback on land is due to irrigation. Without irrigating the land, it is said that at least 1.3 billion acres of land would be needed to make up for the lost production. Pest control systems also increased productivity. An estimated 70% of the world's produce might be lost in the lack of pesticides, whereas with pest controls only 40%
The Role of ATP
The Role of ATP Living organisms all need energy to live, for reproduction and for movement. This energy is used in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is known as the 'energy currency of living organisms' and can be produced by two methods: . Photosynthesis 2. Chemical Energy Photosynthesis is the absorption of light energy from the sun, which is then transferred into chemical energy. It occurs in plants and results in a useful supply of carbon. Chemical energy is acquired from a 'ready made' source of carbon such as biological materials found in plants and animals, although this energy still originally comes from the sun. ATP * One molecule can contain large amounts of energy which can be used very easily. * ATP is not a storage molecule. * Every cell makes its on ATP, depending on how active it is and its job. * ATP is constantly made and used. 40 kg is made in a 24hr period. Structure Organic base - adenine Pentose sugar - ribose 3 Phosphate groups - inorganic phosphates which are joined by high energy bonds. ATP is a nucleotide and because of its structure, is water soluble and is easily transported around the cell. To release the energy in ATP it is hydrolysed. When water is added, a phosphate group is broken off and energy is released. An enzyme called ATPase catalyses this reaction. When phosphate 1 is removed, a total of 30.6 kJ mol-1
Does caffeine affect heartrate?
Does caffeine affect heat rate? I am doing an experiment on daphnia to see the effect of caffeine on their heart rate. Hypothesis I predict that the intake of caffeine by daphnia will increase their heart rate because caffeine is a stimulant drug. Risk Assessment I will not consume the daphnia as they may be carrying bacteria or microbes and I will also make sure I was my hands with soap thoroughly after doing the experiment. Ethical issues Using living organisms in an experiment could go against some people's beliefs. In my experiment I will not use concentrations of caffeine that could harm the daphnia and I will not harm them in the experiment by keeping them in water and putting them back in some clean water afterwards. Plan I will use 15 daphnia in total. There will be 5 different solutions of caffeine used, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05%. I will record the daphnia's heart rate in water using a cavity slide and microscope before and then place 3 daphnia in each of the solutions for 5 minutes before replacing them in the cavity slide and measuring their heart rate. I will measure the daphnia's heart rate by looking at them under a microscope as their body is translucent and you can see their heart beat and using a clicker to count the beats to make sure they are ore accurate because if their heart rate is very fast I may lose count. I will use 3 daphnia in
Industrial Visit - White Horse Leisure Centre, Wantage.
Industrial Visit Coursework Amy Blackwell 12MW White Horse Leisure Centre, Wantage. Introduction I visited the White Horse Leisure Centre in Wantage, this is the local town sports centre. Its facilities include a swimming pool, gym, dance studio, tennis courts and large sports hall where many activities take place such as basketball, badminton and trampolining. Physics is used through out the sports centre in the equipment and the building itself, I am looking at two of these situations where physics can be applied to sport. Heating the Swimming Pool The swimming pool is 25m long by 12.5m wide and kept at a temperature of 29.5°C; this is maintained by a constant circulation of water. The water level is kept just above the pool rim this means water flows over the edges and into drains around the whole pool. This water is then heated under the pool and pumped back in through many small jets along a central panel positioned along the length of the pool. This constant heating of the pool is necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature for users and prevent risks of hypothermia; this costs the centre money but is necessary for comfort and safety. The temperature falls due to heat loss, this happens all around the pool but mainly on the surface due to the cold air surrounding the pool. This heat loss will be mainly
In this project I am going to write about Energy Resources. This will include non - renewable energy, renewable energy resources and what the environmental problems are and also find out if these problems can be reduced.
INTRODUCTION In this project I am going to write about Energy Resources. This will include non - renewable energy, renewable energy resources and what the environmental problems are and also find out if these problems can be reduced. CONTENTS Pages Energy Resources 1 Non-Renewable Energy Resources 1 Fossil Fuels 1 Coal 1-2 Gas 2 Oil 2 Nuclear 3 Fusion and Fission 3 Environmental Problems 3 Nuclear Power Stations: For or Against 4 How Can Environmental Problems Be Reduced 4 Renewable Energy Resources 4 Sunlight 4-5 Solar Power 5 Wind 5 Water (Electricity) 6 Geothermal Energy 6 Generating Electricity 6 Power For The Future 6 Bibliography 7 ENERGY RESOURCES Energy is used as part of everyday lives and can be used in one form or another. Energy is about doing work and it is all around us. Animals need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Energy exists in many forms, such as: - Light - Heat - Electrical - Mechanical - Atomic - Chemical-etc. There are different types of energy resources. They go into two groups, which are Non-renewable and Renewable. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Once non-renewable resources (natural resources) are consumed they
Investigation on the size of Limpets.
Investigation on the size of Limpets Abstract: During my preliminary investigations, I established that sheltered and exposed rocky shores, differed immensely in their size of Limpets. Thus I was inspired to compare the size of Limpets on the sheltered rocky shore, Frenchman's Steps. The background knowledge and preliminary work enabled me conclude the following hypothesis; there will be a statistically significant difference between the size of limpets found on the sheltered rocky shore at two different vertical heights. I decided to look at 3M and 6M above chart datum for my investigation, as looking at the profile graph (appendix) the number of limpets was high at that chart datum. Aim: To determine if there is a difference in the size of limpets at two heights in there Vertical range. Scientific Background Limpets are animals that belong to the family Patellidae, subclass Prosobranchia of the phylum Molluscs. They have a strong, conical shell composed mainly of calcium carbonate, protecting the internal tissue, underneath which is a sucker, also known as the limpet foot, which allows limpets to adhere to rock surfaces, as shown in the photographs. Limpets are usually immobile unless they are foraging and so zonation is less apparent. As can be seen from the pictures above, limpets have a hydrodynamic shape so that resistance to water flow is reduced. This
How is biodiversity maintained nationally and globally?
How is biodiversity maintained nationally and globally? Biodiversity is a term given to the variety of life on Earth. It is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystems within which they live and interact. The greater the species richness and evenness in the area, the higher the biodiversity. Some human activities such as hunting for food, killing for protection, pollution, habitat destruction and killing competitors for our food has caused a loss in biodiversity. The loss of one species reduces biodiversity, for instance habitats are often replaced with a crop of low diversity - monoculture (a crop of plants of a single species bred very similar) . The advantage of this it that it makes harvesting easier. The importance of genetic diversity is that it allows species to adapt to changes in the environment. If a species has a low genetic diversity, such problems like change in climate may occur. As humans have begun to spread over the world and increase, the rate of extinction of other species has risen dramatically. For example, the giant sloth and mammals 10000-14000 years ago were animals that were hunted for food. There are two different ways of conserving biodiversity. Conservation in situ is where there are attempts to minimise human impact on the natural environment. It is possible to pass legislation to stop
Aim: To see how productivity of algae and Elodea changes with depth in a simulated lake.
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Example 9 Student work How does primary productivity depend on depth in a Lake? Aim: To see how productivity of algae and Elodea changes with depth in a simulated lake. Prediction: As the depth (% of light decreases) increases the productivity will decrease. Variables: Independent: depth – simulated by layers of clear plastic OHP sheets Dependant: amount of dissolved oxygen Controlled: reagent bottle, 250cm3; light source; amount of pond water and length of Elodea; time left to photosynthesis. Materials: 2 reagent bottles Elodea – 12 pieces in 10cm lengths Pond water OHP film Elastic bands to wrap film around bottles. Light array DO probe aluminum foil Method: Collect 12 reagent bottles, 250cm3. Label every two bottles as follows: Dark; 100% Light; 65% light; 25% light; 10% light and 2 % light. The % of light was calculated using a light meter. The Lux reading under the light array was taken and then taken again under 1, 3, 5 and 8 layers of the OHP film. The difference between the first reading and the one under the OHP sheet was calculated and turned into a %. Fill each bottle with pond water and add a strand of Elodea. Secure the correct number of OHP films around each labeled bottle. Use the elastic bands to hold them in position. Take care not to cover the Elodea. Cover the dark bottles in aluminum foil. Measure
Global Warming
> Global Warming can be defined as the term used to refer to the fact that the average temperature around the earth is increasing. > Global Warming is caused by many different factors which are mostly as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and wood which produce carbon dioxide > The excess Carbon Dioxide that is released in the atmosphere is also contributed by the emission of fumes by factories and motor vehicles. The extra carbon dioxide therefore creates a 'blanket' around the earth resulting in the rapid increase of temperature > Over the past century there has been a marked increase in the concentration of he Greenhouse gases. Greenhouse Gases include carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. > The Green house gases are also play a huge role in global warming as these gases trap the heat that would otherwise escape to into space. This is called the greenhouse effect > Deforestation is also another cause of global warming because when the excess amount of trees are cut down and not replanted, there becomes an increase in Carbon Dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as there are no trees to use it for respiration. This Carbon dioxide therefore plays a role in global warming as it begins to trap heat on the earth's surface. Consequences of Global Warming > Global warming results in many changes in
