Investigating the relationship of projectile range and projectile motion using a ski jump.
Investigating the relationship of projectile range and projectile motion using a ski jump. Introduction As we all know ski jumping is a worldwide sport in which athletes skate down a slope ramp, gaining speed that throws them in the air that makes them land some distance away. The distance travelled at the time when the jumper leaves the ramp, until he reaches the ground is known as the jump range. This interesting and challenging sport involves a lot of physics behind it. Kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, motion, speed, height, time, distance and the athlete's ability to reduce air resistance to their body are all factors that determine the athlete's performance. This experiment represents a ski jumping slope through which we will investigate and demonstrate how physics can be used by ski jumpers to increase their range in the jump. Aim: My aim of this experiment is to explore the relationship between the launch height and the range of the jump. I will use the my knowledge of physics knowing that gravitational potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy and using the equations ?Egrav = mg?h for gravitational potential energy and Ek = 1/2 mv2 for the kinetic energy to work out the relationship between height, velocity and the range of the projectile. Hypothesis I predict that the higher ramp, the higher the velocity therefore an increase in
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging In 1944, Isidor Isaac Rabi was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. This method was based on measuring the spin of the protons in the atom's core, a phenomenon known as nuclear magnetic moments. From Rabi's work, Paul C. Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were able to research into magnetic resonance imaging (also known as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) and were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2003. Lauterbur, a professor and director of the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory at the University of Illinois, realised that it was to possible to create an 'internal picture' of an object by NMR and had his ideas witnessed by a colleague. These ideas were based on the use of a magnetic field gradient - a magnetic field that varies through space. Mansfield, a professor of physics at the University of Nottingham had no knowledge of Lauterbur's work and had an idea of how he might get an NMR picture of a crystal, similar to an X-ray signal crystal structure. With continual pioneering work with his colleagues, he was able to produce the first picture from a live human subject in 1976 with true anatomical detail. He continued to be a pioneer in the field, developing better imaging methods for larger body parts and also for imaging well past the sub-cellular level, all
Viscosity Experiment. The aim of my investigation will be to analyse the relationship between several variables, which are defined by stokes law, and conclusively to apply these in order, to calculate the viscosity of the fluid from my results.
The aim of my investigation will be to analyse the relationship between several variables, which are defined by stokes law, and conclusively to apply these in order, to calculate the viscosity of the fluid from my results. To see how successful my experiment was, I will be comparing my results with those from external sources such as a Textbook; this would therefore determine how accurate my experimental results were. All fluids, from liquids to gases illustrate the property of viscosity to some degree. Viscosity is caused by internal friction due to the strong intermolecular forces; hence it is affected by temperature in liquids. It is measured in Pascal's per second unless the viscosity is kinematic. Viscosity can be thought of as fluid friction, just as friction between two solids resist the motion of one over the other, also possible to cause an acceleration of one fluid relative to the other. Liquids will vary from "thin" having a lower viscosity like water, to "thick" having much higher viscosity like honey or treacle. There are many ways to measure viscosity, for example "the line spread test", which involves a fixed quantity of liquid being allowed to flow out of a container and spread onto a flat surface or "redwood viscometer", which involves the liquid to flow through a narrow tube driven by its own head of pressure, but due to the lack of apparatus, I chose to do
Flexural strength measurement of a concrete beam.
Flexural strength test Introduction: It is to measure the flexural tensile strength of the concrete. It is a measure of unreinforced concrete beam or slab to resist failure or bending. Acquire an appreciation of the relation between flexural tensile strength and other strengths such as cube compression strength, splitting tensile strength and equivalent cube compressive strength. Apparatus: * Compressive testing machine( Fig. 1) * Flexural loading device( Fig. 1) * Caliper and * Straight edge Fig.1 control panel of testing machine and flexural loading device Procedures: . The beam was brought up from the curing tank. 2. The surface water and grit were wiped out with a damp cloth. 3. The beam was visually inspected for faults and damages. 4. Length and cross-sectional dimensions were measured accurately with a caliper. 5. Test device was wiped with a dry cloth. 6. The beam was put centrally in flexural loading device with the rough as-cast top surface vertical. 7. All rolling and supports were in evenly contact with the beam before applying the load. 8. Appropriate loading was chosen for the test. The load was increased at a rate between 0.03 to 0.06N/mm2 per second. 9. The load was applied without shock and continuously increased until the beam broke. 0. The maximum applied force was recorded. Remarks: * The rollers should be placed at right angles to
Experiment test for F = m2L by whirling a rubber bung (centripetal force)
Title: Experiment test for F = m?2L by whirling a rubber bung (centripetal force) Aim: 1. To help us to study uniform circular motion, and 2. Prove that centripetal force required for keeping circular motion = m?2r where m = mass of the object performing circular motion ? = average angular velocity of the object r = radius of the circular orbit Principle: When the rubber bung was being whirled in a circle, it was performing circular motion. When a body performs circular motion, it requires a net force towards the center to give the centripetal acceleration that causes the change of direction of the body. This net force towards the center is called centripetal force. The centripetal force acting on the rubber bung was provided by the tension of the nylon string. The nylon string was attached to a number of screw nuts of known mass. Forces acting on the rubber bung: (negligible air resistance) . Tension of the nylon string 2. Weight of the rubber bung ? Tension was constant though the nylon string (Assume there was no friction between the nylon string and the glass tube) ? Tension of string = weight of the screw nuts The tension in the nylon string can be vary by change the number of screw nuts in the system. The horizontal component of the tension provides the centripetal force to keep the circular motion of the rubber bung. ? Centripetal force = T sin ?
The physics of riding a bicycle entails many different properties.
Medina Henry Medina T. Algoza Physical Science March 7, 2012 Riding a Bike Most people go through their daily routines unaware of the forces that exist to make even the simplest chores possible to finish. There are hidden forces, energies, and interactions that are invisible to the naked eye but are necessary to human life and our existence. The study of matter and energy, and the interactions between them is called physics. Physics can explain how most of the universe works and even how I ride my bike at the beach. Although riding a bike is the most efficient way to travel I was unaware of the forces I need to overcome and the energy required to get from point A to point B. In the following paragraphs I will explain the different types of forces and energies that allow me to get to my final destination quickly and safely. A bicycle was at one point the epitome of modern moving conveyance. The invention of the wheel allowed this. Previously, everyone had to walk everywhere they had to go. In the rain, sleet and snow, walking was the main mode of getting from “here” to “there”. The bicycle has taken different forms. There have been tricycles, a bike with three wheels, and a unicycle, which was used in circuses that had a rider on one wheel. When I first learned how to ride a bike, I fell a lot. Since I was so young, I didn’t have the strength to
An Experiment to Evaluate the Acceleration due to Gravity using a Spiral Spring
An Experiment to Evaluate the Acceleration due to Gravity using a Spiral Spring TEP062N Introduction Gravity affects all things that have mass and therefore must affect how much a mass placed on a spring will extend. Measuring the time period and extension of a mass on a spiral spring for oscillations allows for the calculation of g. The experiment was carried out as described in the worksheet using masses of 0.2 – 1.2kg Results and Plot Figure 1 Load On Spring (kg) Initial Length Of Spring l0 (m) Final Length Of Spring l (m) Extension Of Spring b (m) 0.2 0.037 0.040 0.003 0.4 0.037 0.0495 0.0125 0.6 0.037 0.061 0.025 0.8 0.037 0.071 0.034 1.0 0.037 0.082 0.045 1.2 0.037 0.092 0.055 Figure 2 Load On Spring (kg) Time for 20 oscillations (s) Standard deviation Average period of time (T/s) Time for one oscillation squared (T²/s²) EXP 1 EXP 2 EXP 3 EXP 4 EXP 5 0.2 3.92 3.85 3.71 3.73 3.79 0.0866 3.80 0.036 0.4 6.22 6.39 6.47 6.36 5.92 0.21649 6.272 0.098 0.6 7.32 7.43 7.38 7.53 7.82 0.1968 7.496 0.141 0.8 8.22 8.28 8.33 8.53 8.32 0.11675 8.336 0.174 1.0 9.25 9.26 9.19 9.12 9.28 0.06519 9.22 0.213 1.2 9.95 10.19 9.88 10.03 10.29 0.16947 10.068 0.253 Figure 3 Figure 4 Load On Spring (kg) g (ms-2) 0.2 2.73 0.4 5.69 0.6 7.58 0.8 7.73 1.0 8.18 1.2 8.34 The mean
Einstein's theory of relativity.
Relativity Einstein's theory of relativity has caught the imagination of the average person more than any other physical theory in history. Yet the theory of relativity, unlike many other results of physical science, is not easily understood by the average person. We can understand the relativity theory fully only by means of the mathematical formulas which make it up. Without mathematics, we can only state some of its basic ideas and quote, but not prove, some of its conclusions. The relativity theory deals with the most fundamental ideas which we use to describe natural happenings. These ideas are time, space, mass, motion, and gravitation. The theory gives new meaning to the old ideas that these words represent. It is basically made up of two parts. One is the special, or restricted, relativity theory, published by Albert Einstein in 1905. The general relativity theory was put forward by Einstein in 1915. Special theory of relativity This theory is called the special relativity theory because it refers to a special kind of motion. This is uniform motion in a straight line, that is, with constant velocity. Suppose we are on a smoothly running railway train which is moving at a constant velocity. In this train you may drop a book, play catch, or allow a pendulum to swing freely. The book will appear to fall straight down when it is dropped; the ball will
Electricity and magnetism
Electricity and magnetism The charge is the amount of electricity in a circuit. The symbol for charge is Q. The unit for charge is coulombs. A capacitor is a device that stores charge. Charge = current x time. * Most materials fall into two groups: conductors and insulators. * A conductor allows electrons to flow through it. * An insulator is a barrier to electricity. * An insulator may act as a store of electricity known as static electricity. * There is a small third group called semi conductors - these are used in electronics. * The current is carried by ELECTRONS. * Metals contain a "sea" of free electrons (negatively charged) which flow through the metal. * This is what allows electric current to flow so well in all metals. * Electric current will only flow if there are charges which can move freely (electrons). * There are some things that you need to know for the exam about the difference between CONVENTIONAL and ELECTRICAL current. * CONVENTIONAL current flows from POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE. * ELECTRICAL current flows from NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE. * So electrons flow opposite to the flow of conventional current. CURRENT - is the flow of electrons round the circuit. VOLTAGE - is the driving force that pushes the current round. RESISTANCE - is anything in the circuit that slows the flow down. There is a relationship between these three
This experiment is designed to see if vertical height has anything to do with the speed of a moving vehicle as it rolls down a ramp.
Physics Coursework. Natalie Onions Joseph Whitaker School. Plan: This experiment is designed to see if vertical height has anything to do with the speed of a moving vehicle as it rolls down a ramp. We will put a trolley at the top of a ramp and let go. We will start a stopwatch when it reaches the bottom of the ramp and stop it when the trolley has travelled 2 metres. We will experiment with a variety of different heights to obtain better understanding of our results. I think that this is a very easy and efficient way of doing the experiment, as it doesn't require a lot of space or equipment but it will give us results that will be easy to read and spot a pattern in. Diagram: Equipment: Ramp (To roll trolley down) Trolley (Our "Vehicle") Metre stick (To measure our distances and heights correctly) Stopwatch (To obtain correct times for travelling the 2M distance) Scales (Weigh our trolley) Safety: This experiment can be quite dangerous. To prevent accident or injury whilst doing it, we will make sure that we perform the experiment in a clear space, away from other people so that our trolley does not go anywhere near them. Also, if our trolley does move a little too far, we will make sure that we retrieve it immediately to prevent anyone stepping on it and falling. We will also be careful when using the ramp, as it is heavy and has rigid edges. Prediction: I