Static friction experiment.
Static Friction INTRODUCTION When an object is placed on a surface it will remain static unless the resolved component of the force due to gravity acting parallel to the surface exceeds the friction force associated with the static coefficient of friction between surfaces by placing various objects on a surface and tilting the surface until the object begins to slip. By measuring the angle at which the object begins to slip, it is then possible to calculate the coefficient of friction between the surfaces ans objects considered. THEORY If a body rests on an incline plane the body is prevented from sliding down because of the frictional resistance. If the angle of the plane is increased there will be an angle at which the body begins to slide down the plane. This is the angle of repose and the tangent of this angle is the same as the coefficient of friction. µ=tan(?) Coefficient of friction is a dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together. The coefficient of friction depends on the material used. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Appartus required :- The objects required are a long rectangular wooden plank, wooden tile, plastic tile, aluminium tile and measuring tape. Procedure:- * The wooden tile was kept at the edge of the wooden plank. * The plank was lifted from that end to the
Database Coursework
IMPLEMENTATION Resources: There are three different database programs available for me to use. I can use a. The main Microsoft Access Database, a Microsoft Excel Database or a Microsoft Works Database problem is availability, as I am not able to use Microsoft Works because this project must be done with easily accessible programs, limiting choice to Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access. The main deciding factor here is ability. The project itself needs to be done at school, not at home. This leaves the choices of Excel and Access again. Microsoft Excel is designed chiefly as a spreadsheet, so its power as a database is severely limited compared to that of Microsoft Access. Microsoft Access is a relational database program, as it makes several other files for cross-referencing etc. whereas Microsoft Excel is a flat-file database program, meaning that all you have is what is in front of you. Microsoft Works, if I had been able to use it, is also a flat-file database program. Because Microsoft Access is relational and it has lots of extra tools for making the tables, I shall be using Microsoft Access. I will also be using Microsoft Word in order to type up my report. Microsoft Access is my software choice, but I will also require items of hardware. Again, the main key issue is availability. Fortunately, my hardware choices are quite original, so all of them are easily
Maths Statistics Investigation - To Find the Quality of Players Playing Rugby for Malvern College 1st XV.
Maths Statistics Investigation Maths Statistics Investigation To Find the Quality of Players Playing Rugby for Malvern College 1st XV Aim I will attempt during the course of this investigation to rate all of the players who played for Malvern 1st XV in the first 6 matches of the 2000 season. In order to do this I must collect the data, analyse each piece of data collected, and then devise some sort of system using a formula that will rate an individual player over the course of the season. This formula must not only calculate the player's point score for each match according to a points system which I shall devise, but also average the points score over the season taking into account time missed through injury. I will also calculate the average standard of player using the mean, and also find the standard deviation to show the average deviation from the mean. Plan In order to devise my scoring system I must first decide on the categories that I shall use for my scoring system. I have decided that there will be two criteria for assessment of a player. These criteria will be: *Time spent on the pitch + time out due to injury, divided by number of matches played to find the average time spent on the pitch. *Coach's assessment percentage score for each match, taking into account position and what is required. I will add up the score for each match and divide by the number
Energy and its uses
Fundamentals of science. Energy transfer systems UNIT 1 Task 1.3 Types of energy Measurement of energy Examples of energy transfer Dewi Hanks ND Forensic Science Year 1 Table of Contents Contents......................................................................... Page 2 Introduction..................................................................... Page 3 Energy Terminology........................................................... Page 4 - 7 Energy Interconversions....................................................... Page 8 - 15 Risk assessment Burning Peanut............................................. Page 16 Burning Peanut experiment................................................... Page 17 - 19 Risk assessment heating metal block....................................... Page 20 Heating of metal block experiment.......................................... Page 21 - 24 Conclusions..................................................................... Page 25 INTRODUCTION In this report I intend to explain the fundamentals of energy and its Interconversions. In order to do this I will be covering the following topics: Types of energy Measurement of energy Examples of energy transfer I will also include two experiments with their results and in order to show the equations and computations used to show energy transfer amounts and the efficiency of
As Fast As you can
P2 Topic 9 - As Fast As You Can. Table of Results: Speed Thinking Distance/m Braking Distance/m Stopping Distance/m 20mph 6 6 2 30mph 9 4 23 40mph 2 24 36 50mph 5 38 53 60mph 8 55 73 70mph 21 75 96 After closely analysing the graph, I can now see that Jake is indeed correct because it can be seen that the speed at which you are travelling does affect how quickly you are able to brake. However, this can also be attributed to various other factors. The equation for stopping distance is: It is clear that the results follow a positive correlation and that the stopping distance equals the braking distance plus the thinking distance. Therefore, because the overall stopping distance must be a larger integer then the result for this must possess a steeper gradient. The stopping distance is therefore dependant upon the speed at which you are travelling because as the speed increases, the gradient of the stopping distance increases. This is evident because when the speed is at 30mph, the stopping distance is 23m but when the speed has increased to 60mph then the stopping distance inclines to 73m. Thinking Distance Thinking distance is calculated by the general equation: Thinking distance is the distance covered in the time it takes for a reaction to occur. In what can be a fraction of a second, a substantial amount of ground can be covered. Human
Objective To find the acceleration due to gravity by means of a simple pendulum.
School: HKTA Tang Hin Memorial Secondary School Class: 6C Name: Ho Siu Ting ( 19 ) Subject: AL Practical Physics Date: 9 th December 2010 Mark: G4 Acceleration if free fall by means of a simple pendulum Objective To find the acceleration due to gravity by means of a simple pendulum. Theory Simple harmonic motion is the repetitive back-and-forth movement through a central, or equilibrium, position in which the maximum displacement on one side is equal to the maximum displacement on the other. The acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position but always opposite to its displacement from the equilibrium position. ( a = -) A pendulum can display the simple harmonic motion. A simple pendulum consists merely of a bob (weight) suspended from a fixed point by a rod or string of length (L). The mass of the rod or string is assumed to be so much less than the suspended mass that it can be ignored. If the suspended mass is displaced to the left or right, while the rod or string is kept taut, and then released, the mass will swing freely back and forth under the gravity's influence. Restoring force F = - mg F = ma - mg = ma a = -g (provided that is small) a = -g? = -g(x/l) (? ? radius=arc length) a=- (where g/l) Thus, the periodic time T of a simple pendulum of length l is given by T ==
Investigation of determination of flux density of magnets(plane)
Investigation of determination of flux density of magnets Introduction A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. A low-tech means to detect a magnetic field is to scatter iron filings and observe their pattern, as in the accompanying figure. A 'hard' or 'permanent' magnet is one that stays magnetized, such as a magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Permanent magnets occur naturally in some rocks, particularly lodestone, but are now more commonly manufactured. A 'soft' or 'impermanent' magnet is one that loses its memory of previous magnetizations. 'soft' magnetic materials are often used in electromagnets to enhance the magnetic field of a wire that carries an electrical current and is wrapped around the magnet; the field of the 'soft' magnet increases with the current. As current flows through a wire, the wire is magnetized and it generates a magnetic field around it, and this magnetic field will interact with any other magnetic field to produce a magnetic force. We can predict the direction of force by using Fleming's left-hand rule. There are three things here, all of which are mutually at right angles to each other: the magnetic field, the current in the wire, and the magnetic force acting on the wire. These can be represented by holding the thumb and first two fingers of your left hand so that they are mutually at right angles.
Aurora- Light of Mystery.
Aurora - Light of Mystery What is aurora? Auroras, or polar lights, are the luminous phenomenon of the upper atmosphere occurs in high latitudes of both hemispheres. Auroras in the northern hemisphere are called aurora borealis and those in the south hemisphere are called aurora australis. Aurora (Latin for 'dawn') is beautiful and amazing lights which are visible in the dark sky in the poles. It can appear as many different forms, but usually it is a greenish quivering glow near the horizon. In 1621 the term 'aurora' was coined by the French astronomer. More and more observations were done and a concrete description was archived soon afterwards. Many theories were developed this phenomenon. Some suggested that it was the reflection of sunlight of artic light and some believed it was the firelight at the edge of the world; however both hypotheses are rejected because it was found that aurora was found 100-400km above the earth surface which is well beyond the atmosphere. Around the 17th century it has been discovered that it is caused by the interaction between energetic plasma particles from outside atmosphere with atoms of higher atmosphere. Till now, not all the questions about aurora have been answered, but with the escalating astronautic technology, we have a much better understanding on this puzzling phenomenon. How does aurora form? At every moment the sun is
The rules are issued under the authority of the hockey rules board on behalf of the International Hockey Federation.
I have chosen Hockey as my main sport. I have chosen Hockey because I am more experienced in this sport and play for a mixed under 16 team out of school, giving me an advantage of knowing the rules better. The rules are issued under the authority of the hockey rules board on behalf of the International Hockey Federation. Hockey, or Field Hockey as it is known in some parts of the world, is traditionally played on grass, but more often these days - especially at the top levels and in certain countries - hockey is played on synthetic surfaces. In hockey, two teams of 11 players compete against each other using their 'hooked' sticks to hit, push, pass and dribble a small, hard, usually white, ball, with one aim in mind - to score by getting the ball into the opponents' goal. As already mentioned, every team must have a goalkeeper. The other 10 players are referred to as 'field players', and are dispersed over the field of play. The field players can be put into three general categories - attackers, defenders and midfielders. While no player (other than the goalkeeper) has an exclusively defined role, the attackers are generally on attack, the defenders are generally on defence, and the midfielders do a bit of both! HOCKEY TERMINOLOGY Centre pass The centre pass is a push or hit from the centre of the field with all players in their own half of the field. Playing the
Nonrelativistic string equation
Pythagoras could be called the first known string theorist. Pythagoras, an excellent lyre player, figured out the first known string physics -- the harmonic relationship. Pythagoras realized that vibrating Lyre strings of equal tensions but different lengths would produce harmonious notes (i.e. middle C and high C) if the ratio of the lengths of the two strings were a whole number. Pythagoras discovered this by looking and listening. Today that information is more precisely encoded into mathematics, namely the wave equation for a string with a tension T and a mass per unit length ?. If the string is described in coordinates as in the drawing below, where x is the distance along the string and y is the height of the string, as the string oscillates in time t, then the equation of motion is the one-dimensional wave equation where vw is the wave velocity along the string. When solving the equations of motion, we need to know the "boundary conditions" of the string. Let's suppose that the string is fixed at each end and has an unstretched length L. The general solution to this equation can be written as a sum of "normal modes", here labeled by the integer n, such that The condition for a normal mode is that the wavelength be some integral fraction of twice the string length, or The frequency of the normal mode is then The normal modes are what we hear as notes. Notice that