An ecosystem is localized group of interdependent organisms together with the environment that they inhabit and depe
An ecosystem is localized group of interdependent organisms together with the environment that they inhabit and depend on. The natural world is in a constant state of flux. Changes can be seen at all time-scales, from the shortest to the longest. Short-term changes, which are observable by people, are often cyclical and predictable: night and day, the monthly cycle of the tides, the annual change of the seasons, and the growth, reproduction, and death of individuals. Viewed at this level many ecosystems, when not disturbed by humans, appear superficially to be stable and unchanging, maintained in equilibrium by the "balance of nature". The sun is the original source of energy in an ecosystem. Producers (plants) convert the light energy into chemical energy, storing it in their cells. When primary consumers (herbivores) eat the producers, the energy changes into a form that can be stored in animal cells. Secondary consumers (carnivores) transform the energy once again. Decomposers may occupy several positions in the pyramid, both receiving energy from decaying plants and animals and supplying it to detrivores and fungus-eaters. Since energy is lost in each step, populations are necessarily smaller at each higher level of the
Background Knowledge:Enzymes.
Background Knowledge: Enzymes. . Key features of enzymes: * An enzyme is a biological catalyst. Catalysts speed up the rate of reaction without being changed themselves. They can be used again and again. * Enzymes are specific and only catalyse one reaction. * All enzymes are made of proteins. * All enzymes work best at a particular temperature. This is called their optimum temperature. Other factors that affect the rate at which enzymes work are: . Concentration of enzyme 2. Concentration of things it breaks down. 3. Surface area of the things it breaks down. 4. The enzymes work at specific pHs. 5. Specific foods. 2. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions that normally take place slowly e.g. 2H2O 2 2H2O+O2 Substrate Product Substrate- Something enzymes work upon to break down Product- Something that is produced when the enzymes have broken it down. If catalase is added this reaction occurs much more quickly. 10 million molecules are broken down each second 3. Actication Energy Too change into a product, the energy of the substrate must be briefly raised by an amount known as the activation energy. This could be done by heating the
Variations in Holly leaves.
Introduction A table to show the number of prickles on holly leaves picked from the same tree. Table Number of Prickles 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 22 23 24 Number of Leaves 2 4 2 9 5 9 1 8 9 30 20 37 60 46 33 6 4 0 Analysis From looking at the results in my bar chart it can be seen that the most common number of prickles is eighteen. The majority of the leaves 55% had seventeen to twenty prickles on them. Only a few; 45% had fewer or more prickles on them. Background The Holly tree from seed from a neighbouring tree ,inherited characteristics in the genes, these were the colour of it and the shape of the leaves it inherited these characteristics from the neighbouring tree but it didn't inherited characteristics like the amount of prickles this characteristic was due to the environment because it is either to protect it from predators or to help it in some
Technology in Space > Solar Cells & Electric Circuits > Internal Resistance
PHYSICS : Technology in Space > Solar Cells & Electric Circuits > Internal Resistance E = I (R+r) E = IR + Ir and V = I x R Since IR = E - Ir then V = E - Ir Method: A circuit was set up as above, incorporating a variable resistor and an ammeter and a voltmeter to measure the current and voltage across the resistor respectively. Results: The readings of V and I were recorded as follows: V I 5.70 .55 6.24 .00 6.55 0.72 6.75 0.57 6.87 .48 7.09 .40 7.15 .35 7.22 .31 7.29 0.28 7.34 0.25 A graph was plotted to show V against I and from this the values of E and -r can be calculated. [See graph] Conclusion & Calculation: V = -rI + V = -rI + E -r = 7.34/0.25 = 29.36? E = 7.85 The value of E extrapolated from the graph is 7.85, and the internal resistance of the power supply is
Proteins are incredibly important to all living organisms
Proteins Proteins are incredibly important to all living organisms, as shown by the fact that 50% of the dry mass in the majority of cells are protein. They all have significant roles and many are crucial to the body's functions. All proteins are made from different combinations of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids; however there are so many varying functions: * They are enzymes like amylase that promote the breakdown of things such as starch. * They perform vital structural roles and form hair, wool, nails, horns, hoofs, tendons and cartilage. * They are hormones such as insulin and glucagons and regulate the blood sugar levels. * They contract muscle fibres in the form of actin and myosin. * They serve vital transport roles as haemoglobin blood and serum albumin transporting the fatty acids in blood. * They store iron in the spleen as ferritin. * They protect your body from viruses and bacteria as antibodies. Most proteins in the body are enzymes of which there are about 2000 varieties. So eat proteins or suffer
Shooters strategy: The sectors we are planning to invest in are:
Shooters strategy: The sectors we are planning to invest in are: Mining: there are changes taking place that would see to the rise in prices from the many mergers and take-over taking place in the industry, which normally leads to potential growth in the industry and perfect for investments. Energy: since the effects of the hurricanes in the US there are changes taking place in this industry for alternatives to the prominent Oil industry. As such, we believe this will result in increase in alternative energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and the like and would be the prefect time to invest in these industries. However, we will continue to monitor the oil sector despite its volatility there still seems to be opportunity for growth in this industry. We feel diversification is important and thus we plan on using many investment types to balance our portfolio by investing in the following types of markets: bond, mutual funds, derivatives, forward markets, and international
My perfect night
My perfect night A poem by Jamie Barratt My perfect night, of which there are few is a place by the sea with a picturesque view I'll watch the sun as it rises and falls A lone whale swims, making gentle calls Stars will appear, darkness descend I gaze with wonder through an enlarged lens A full moon emerges, a giant in the sky A sight less than stunning would be a lie Listening to the sea lapping on the shore feeling my senses yearning for more The scent of sea air surrounds me so On occasions I don't smell it, I feel so low A sea so serene, a sky so clear many stars shimmer brightly, they appear so near I use these nights as a time to reflect on a world of cruelty, anger and
What affects how much respiration yeast does?
Brief: What affects how much respiration yeast does? Background knowledge: The temperature affects how much respiration yeast does. The higher the temperature the more respiration will occur, which will produce co2 which will make more bubbles .The heavier the weight or the more water you have, more respiration will occur. Input Variables: I would change the amount of sugar, yeast, temperature, water and oxygen. Prediction: The higher the temperature the more respiration will occur. Explanation: When you up the temperature the molecules are getting close together and more energy is produced. Apparatus: test tube Delivery tube Stopwatch Kettle Thermometer Yeast Sugar Water Mixing tool Weighing scale
Is It worth Composting?
IS IT WORTH COMPOSTING? Figure 1 Steaming Compost Heap Figure 2 An example of home
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