Describe law and order in London in the late 19th century
Question 1: Describe law and order in London in the late 19th century (15 marks) The industrial revolution (1750 - 1850) facilitated the development of manufacturing industries in which a vast number of people became employed. This influx of employees followed a high density of accommodation in towns and cities, which began to cultivate. The substantial number of jobs meant a low pay and the accommodation reached unhygienic conditions where up to seven people would live in one tiny room. The employment in Whitechapel became exceedingly competitive and numerous were unable to find employment, women eventually turned to prostitution with their money often spent on alcohol and accommodation. These conditions got worse with the unemployed turning to crime. Throughout each year, the classes of society became gradually distant until the middle class and lower class were separated in both sides of Whitechapel. Whitechapel in 1888 was not a typical London suburb; it was socially and economically different to the rest of the Victorian City. Infested in crime and poverty, most people who lived there were the working poor, people who would work occasionally and criminals, in fact an estimated 1500 prostitutes worked in Whitechapel from a Metropolitan Police survey. Prostitution was so common in Whitechapel that police on the beat often turned a blind eye towards it. Being a prostitute
A Failing Justice System
A Failing Justice System The criminology system has many gaps in it. Because of too many factors affecting the system like genes, anatomy, surrounding environment, season, time; and the deficiency of laws, many felons get away with whereas many innocents go to penitentiaries. Therefore, a reform in this failing justice system is a must. By Oguzhan Atay 9/I Ms. Silvana Vazquez 29/04/2004 Table of Contents ABSTRACT 3 PROLOGUE 6 ON THE INSUFFICIENCY OF THE CURRENT CRIMINOLOGY 6 KNOWN AND UNKNOWN CRIME 6 HARM OF CRIME 7 FEAR FOR CRIME 8 GAPS IN THE SYSTEM 9 On The Defectiveness of Laws 9 Getting Away With It 11 Effects of Mass Communication Media on Criminal Justice 12 The Responsibility of Media 13 THE LITERARY RELATIONSHIP OF CRIME 13 CRIMINOLOGY AS THE BASE OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES 15 THE CRIMINAL ELEMENT 15 ) THE PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL-ANTHROPOLOGIC SIDE 16 a) Cartographic View 16 b) Body Types 17 c) Genetic Factors 18 2) THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SIDE 19 a) The General Point of View 19 b) Treatment 19 3) THE SOCIOLOGICAL SIDE 20 THE CRITICISM OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES 20 ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PRISONS; PUNISHMENT OR TREATMENT 20 EPILOGUE 21 WORKS CITED 22 ABSTRACT Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. This branch of science is interested in the reasons that form crime and make people commit crimes. However, the more
How does the media represent female bodies?
Sociology Coursework How does the media represent female bodies? My Rationale Aim - I intend to examine how the media represents female bodies. I chose this area of sociology to study because I found the recent debate about the media's portrayal of women and the decision of the Madrid Fashion Week in October 2006 to ban size zero (UK size four) models very interesting. Media empires such as those controlled by the Murdock family and EMAP have become increasingly powerful and their focus on celebrities and their promotion of a western ideal of beauty have only become recent topics of research. Personally, I hold the view that the overemphasis on body size by the media can have a very negative affect on women's body image. This could be a factor in the development of eating disorders and low self confidence in those most vulnerable. As a teenager I have grown up in an era in which celebrity magazines commend slim bodies and ridicule anything that does not fit that image with red circles of shame pointing out any imperfections. However even though I have a strong personal view on this topic I will try to minimise bias when undertaking this study. I have decided to use content analysis as my method because I think it will be simple and effective to do and I can obtain clear results with minimal bias. However unlike interviews it will be difficult to achieve in-depth
Sociological theories and Healthcare.
Sociology Course Work Unit 7 Task 1 (P1) Functionalist The functionalist theory is known as the structurlist theory however the functionalist believe that the structure of society is crucial to the smooth running of the society, they also believe that the main social institution within the society is to play a very important role ensuring that the society runs well and anarchy doesn't break down, therefore the functionalist are more concerned with the society itself then with the individual who make up society and functionalist theory is also known as a structurlist theory this includes * Family * Religion * Education * Crime and deviance * Mass media * Social class The main way they believe institutions is by as long as members of the society with a value agreement however this is where the member of society normally agrees to what the behaviour and are ok and what are abnormal therefore this our norms and values. Functionalists believe we are socialized by the social organization - especially within the family so that they can act within an acceptable way for example the people who are walking on the streets may be eating a packet of crisps and after they finish in stead of dumping the packet on the floor they throw the packet of crisp in the dustbin this person has acted in a reasonable manner therefore this is what creates a social order and agreement
Is the judicial system racist?
Is The Judicial System Racist? Aims I am going to answer the question 'Is the Judicial System Racist' . I aim to find out the public's view on crime and which ethnic groups are believed to cause the most and why and if & how the stereotype affects the ethnic group. 2. I aim to find out if the outside and inside prison populations are proportional for the ethnic groups. 3. I aim to find out if Society's Racial Stereotypes affect the police force and jury's judgement. I chose this topic because I thought it would be an interesting to find out the publics view on crime, and their view on other members of the public's view on crime. I also thought there would be a lot of information I could access the statistics I needed on the web. The statistics would be up to date, official and clear as they would probably be on the governments website. Introduction In Britain today there are 55 million people, of this 5% are Afro Caribbean, and 2% are Asian. This would mean the prison population should be 2% Asian, and 5% Afro Caribbean, but it is not, the actual figures are 13% Afro Caribbean and 7% Asian. Why is the prison population not a reflection of the ethnicity of Britain? Is it because of society, the police, or the actual ethnic group? To find out what is the cause, I will carry out research of my own and use previously obtained figures. Method I will find my
a) With reference to the Items and elsewhere, assess the view that the introduction of comprehensive schools has led to "equal opportunity for all". (14 Marks)
a) With reference to the Items and elsewhere, assess the view that the introduction of comprehensive schools has led to "equal opportunity for all". (14 Marks) Equality of opportunity is the idea that anyone, whatever their social class, gender or race can achieve maximum results from the Education System. It can also be seen as the choice of education so that people are able to use the best education available and use it to the best of the individual's ability. It is discussed in Item F, where it is said that the opportunity has not been ensured through underachievement for a number of reasons. There has been evidence that shows children of equal ability have different chances of obtaining the best education for their ability because of their background. Therefore a child's educational success depends on their social class. For example children from a working class family perform worse than is expected from IQ tests. This indicates that social class and background affect achievement and therefore disproves the idea of equal opportunity for all even with the introduction of comprehensive schools. Item G describes the introduction of the comprehensive and the implications of it. One of the main reasons for the introduction of comprehensive schooling was to create equal opportunity for all with mixed ability teaching and through this not reward class background. The
How is Crime represented in the Media
How is Crime represented in the Media? In this Coursework I will be discussing, analyzing and evaluating the issue of Crime Represented in the Media. I chose this Specific topic because Crime plays an important part in the media. To me this is the most interesting topic I could discuss, it involves so many questions which I don't know the answers to and so to grasp this topic I will carry out an Investigation, analyzing aspects of Crime and the media such as Over Reporting, Moral Panics and Stereotyping. My aim is to explain the impact of the media's portrayal of crime on the reader and on the general public and how the media portrays crime. I will do this research by carrying out Cross-sectional studies, gathering sociological information perhaps from other sociologists, carrying out questionnaires, interviews, gathering statistics and just looking at different forms of media. I will use different people of different ages to carryout my questionnaires. Before carrying out my research I expect there to be reporting of negative aspects of crime such as rising statistics of certain crimes e.g. knife crime, instead of levels of certain crimes decreasing. Crime is an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by law or harmful to the public welfare. The characteristics of these could be peer pressure, criminals have not been taught the difference between 'right and wrong',
Demography topic revision notes. The study of populations and their characteristics is called demography.
Demography The study of populations and their characteristics is called demography. These characteristics include: * Size: is the population large or small, growing or declining? * Age structure: is the average age of the population rising or falling? The factors that most directly affect the size of a country's population are: * Births: how many babies are born. * Deaths: how many people die. * Immigration: how many people enter the country from elsewhere. * Emigration: how many people leave the country to live elsewhere. Britain in 1801 had a population of 10.5 million. By 1901, this stood at 37 million. By 2007, the population of the UK had reached nearly 61 million and one projection is that it will rise to 71 million by 2031. Until the 1980s, UK population growth was largely the product of natural change - that is, the result of there being more births than deaths. However, since the 1980s, most of the growth has come from net migration - that is, more immigration than emigration. Births The number of births obviously affects population size. Sociologists use the concept of birth rate to measure births. The birth rate is defined as the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year. There has been a long-term decline in the number of births since 1900. In that year, England and Wales had a birth rate of 28.7, but by 2007 it had fallen to an
I have decided to base my topic upon police and stereo typing, and whether they treat ethnic minorities differently to white people.
RATIONALE I have decided to base my topic upon police and stereo typing, and whether they treat ethnic minorities differently to white people. The police force's relationship with ethnic minorities are said to be very shaky, and at times reach boiling point. The metropolitan police force has had accusations of institutionalised racism, especially with cases such as Stephen Lawrence. I, however, live in a southern city were such accusations are not as widespread, this could partly be due to rumours that the media covers them up. My aim is to investigate whether specific groups of ethnic minorities feel as if they are being treated differently by the police than white people, and if so to what degree. I will be talking to 16 - 26 year olds as my target audience. I intend to use questionnaires to conduct my research. I am hoping that patterns will emerge so that results can be compared and distinguished. My goal will have been met once I have discovered if different ethnic groups perceive that the police treat them differently. CONTEXT There is a lot of work and evidence, both written and oral, linked to my topic of ethnic groups and their perception of police behaviour. For many critics this is linked to the concept of institutional racism. Carmichael and Hamilton in 1968 described institutional racism as covert, Robert Blauner agreed and saw it as dwelling in 'the
How Crime is Detected and Prevented
How Crime is Detected and Prevented In this essay I will describe and explain how different methods are used to detect and prevent crimes. The different types are Alcohol, Arson, Ballistics, Blood, Documents, Drugs, Explosives, Fibres, Fingerprints, Footprints, Glass, Hair, Paint, Plastic, Pollen, Soil and finally Teeth. ALCOHOL: When a person is suspected of being under the influence of alcohol, the police can test them with different types of machines. These machines are called breathalysers. The Lion Alcolmeter S-L12 is the most common of these. These machines test the breath for traces of alcohol. If the suspect tests positive, they will be detained until they are cleared. Other ways of detecting alcohol on a person are physical tests. The police will ask the suspect to perform certain actions such as walking in a straight line and following a finger with there eyes. ARSON: When the forensic gets to the scene he must be very careful. An arson attack would burn away most of the evidence so the forensic must be careful where he treads. They would look under furniture and cloth, as this would have protected any fingerprints or fibres lying there. One of the most important roles of the forensic scientist following an arson attack is to establish the chemical nature of the accelerant - the material used to start the fire. When the evidence has been
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