Contribution to the Industrial Revolution
Contribution to the Industrial Revolution The general pattern in the Industrial Revolution was that inventions were refined and refined continuously, till they were the most perfect machines around. Many of the key people at the time, simply took working machines and made the machines simpler to operate and to manage, or make the machine more efficient. The key people also got a financial backer then started producing their machine An example of this is the pairing of Boulton and Watt. What Watt had done was to take an invention of the inventor, Thomas Newcomen [steam engine], then simply added parts, and started to redesign the whole machine. All what Watt did was to make the motion of the original steam engine [up and down], turn rotary and clockwise/anti-clockwise. They then simply started showing their machine to factory owners around the country. The factory owners wanted the machine, because the machine was more efficient [used less fuel compared to the power it gave as it's product] than the Thomas Newcomen steam engine. What Boulton did was quite simple. He just supported Watt financially then got some of the profit made. When the machine production was in full swing, the pair of them started to reap from the profits that were created by their machine. These had a major impact on the rate of the revolution. Their machine simply turned industry from being a man
Evaluation of the industrial revolution
In order for the industrial revolution to occur, manufacturers needed raw materials such as cotton, produced by slave labour on the plantations of the southern US. American cotton was crucial to the growth of the British & American textile industries. Slaves working on an American cotton plantation in the early 1850s, produces the raw material of early industrialization. Even though the British abolished the slave trade in 1807, and the US forbade Southern planters to trade in slaves the same year, slavery persisted for another 56 years. Once the Civil War ended, slavery & the plantation system collapsed in the US, and British manufacturers turned to Egypt & India for raw materials, thus expanding the global reach of the industrial economy. Cotton grown by slaves in the American South fueled industrial revolution. In US, beginning in the last decade of the 18th C, textile factories sprang up along rivers throughout New England. The industrial revolution that began in England and spread to the US and continental Europe by the 1840s and 1850s had tremendous effects around the world. Although Europe, western E, and the US were the fist major areas to experience IDs, by the end of the 19th C, other countries—notably Russia, Japan, and Sweden, among others—joined in. For the captains of industry produced gods in order to sell, trade or barter them, and their commercial
Set out the way in which the Industrial Revolution impacted on urban form and development
Set out the way in which the Industrial Revolution impacted on urban form and development The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history, a period in the late 18th and early 19th century of massive advancement in manufacturing, agriculture, transport and mining which all started in Britain but spread to the rest of Europe, America and eventually the rest of the world. These changes resulting from mechanisation had profound social, economic and cultural effects on nations. This essay will discuss the impacts specifically on the urban form and development of these newly industrialised nations. (Perkin 1969) One of the most defining features of the industrial revolution period in Britain was the socioeconomic development, the replacement of a labour economy by that of machines allowed for a general rise in the living standards for the majority across all classes. The National income per capita quadrupled in the 19th century, whether the working class really benefited from it is debateable but it cannot be denied their living standards were higher after 1850 than before 1790 (Neale 1966). However Perkin (1969) states that the rapid growth of the new industry and also of towns and cities during the Industrial revolution created new social problems and aggravated and expanded the scale of older social problems. There were fluctuations in employment to concentrated
British transport during the Industrial Revolution
Which of the improvements in transports between 1750-1914 had most impact on the economy and why? Introduction During the industrial revolution greater output was obtained in transport, with many improvements in different sectors of transportation. Both volume and speed of goods and passenger transport increased, which led to economic growth. In the overall provision of goods and passenger transport the development of railways, roads, and water transport played an important role, and they all influenced the economy to some extent. Therefore, the question I will try to answer in this essay is: Which of the improvements in transports between 1750-1914 had most impact on the economy and why? In order to do so, I will start by briefly discussing transport at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Next I will analyse each different type of transportation and their effect on the economy. In the conclusion I will provide a definite answer to the question mentioned before. Transport at the beginning of the industrial revolution Transport revolved around nearly every aspect of the industrial revolution. Basically there are two different sorts of traffic involved in this. The first category consists of heavy, bulky goods, usually of low value, such as coal, grain or stone. In this category the transport cost element is high in relation to the total cost. Therefore low
Six inventions of the Industrial Revolution.
Edward Phillips 29.09.2002. Six inventions of the Industrial Revolution The first industry to mechanise in Britain was the cotton industry. The breakthrough was an innovation for weaving. Weaving Machines Until the early 1800's, almost all weaving was done on hand looms because nobody could solve the problems of mechanical weaving. In 1733, John Kay, a Lancashire clock-maker, invented the 'Flying Shuttle'. Using this, weavers could work much faster, so they needed more spun thread; it took 8 spinners to supply one weaver. This machine made all the movements for weaving but it often went out of control, and a number of attempts were made to invent a better spinning machine to increase the amount of thread available. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny (see below). In the mid 1780's, an Anglican clergyman named Edmund Cartwright, developed a steam-powered loom. In 1803, John Horrocks, a Lancashire machine manufacturer, built an all-metal loom. Other British machine makers made further improvements to the steam-powered loom during the early 1800's. By 1835, Great Britain had more than 120,000 power looms. Most of them were used to weave cotton. After the mid-1800's, hand looms were used only to make fancy patterned cloth, which still could not be made on power looms. Spinning Machines For hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution,
''To what extend did the growth of overseas trade led to Britain's Industrial revolution?''
''To what extend did the growth of overseas trade led to Britain's Industrial revolution?'' Introduction The development of Britain as a modern industrial economy, happened simultaneously with the expansion of foreign trade and that led many scholars to stress on the significance of exports. Some went even further to express the idea, that the growth during the industrial revolution depended on the overseas trade. During the industrial revolution,some of the major developing industries ,like textiles and coal,grew even more by selling their products abroad. The technological innovations of the late 18th century made the British goods cheaper,''attracting'' export markets,and soon Britain became the new commercial capital and the ''international industry'' of Europe because of its exports. However, it seems that this flourishing of trade did not contribute substantially to the industrial revolution since the benefits of trade in the economy are much higher after the classical years of industrial revolution,although the trade's importance should not be neglected or even worse be underestimated. For example,in 18th century, the proportion of national income derived from exports and then spent on imports doubled in comparison to the national income. However, in 19th century although the ratio of trade to national income continued to grow,paradoxically this ratio did not
The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Vu Tran-Nguyen C03, Katie Payerle Final Paper: [MMW5 - WIN04] 3/11/04 The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution During the period of 1760-1850, Great Britain experienced a phenomenon that earned it the title "the workshop of the world" (Ward 22). It was an incident characterized by the rise of machine-powered factories, technological advances, an increase in population with a decline of agricultural population, and the expansion of trade. These are the characteristics of the Industrial Revolution, defined by Arnold Toynbee to be the "substitution of competition for the medieval regulation" (Toynbee 1, 58). Adam Smith envisioned it to be an economy free of government interference, driven by forces of competition and the nature of human greed. Smith's ideas were published in the book The Wealth of Nations, and these ideas manifested to produce the characteristics seen by the Industrial Revolution. Therefore, it is implied, if not apparent, that one of the causes that led to the rise of the Industrial Revolution of 1760-1850 was the manifestation of the ideas Smith put forth to achieve wealth and productivity for a nation. The process of industrialization, however, resulted social effects that concern the standard of living of the working class. Opponents to the Industrial Revolution, dubbed "pessimists" (Doty 5), feel that "the effects of the Industrial
The Industrial Revolution - Just a Few Inventions?
The Industrial Revolution - Just a Few Inventions? The Industrial Revolution is a complex subject, and much more than just a few inventions. The Industrial Revolution had tremendous implications on British society, its way of life, and civilisation in Britain. It was also the brewer of inequality, and it kept the rich as the materialistic few, and the poor as the labouring too-many. Inventions in the Industrial Revolution were just a sketch of the whole picture, the colouring and defining had still to be filled in. There is a web of things that occurred due to the Industrial Revolution. Before the late eighteenth century agriculture was predominant, but then city work in factories became the major form of employment. The Industrial revolution was not just a few inventions; it was the start of a new era, the turning point of British civilisation, a new perspective on life. Britain was way ahead of most of the countries in Europe, mainly because of its overseas empire, and it was therefore one of the first to have an industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution started because of several reasons: there was a high demand for manufactured goods, the population of Britain had increased, therefore the country needed more goods, and there was a rise in living standards. The overseas trade was crucial for industry in Britain. Britain industrialised considerably
Victorianism and the Second Industrial Revolution
Victorianism and the Second Industrial Revolution By: Bryan F. Armstrong Gambrell Western Civilization March, 29th 2004 The Victorian Age (1837-1902. named after Queen Victoria) was an age of "prudish", "repressed" and "old-fashioned" thoughts, ideals and also in home furnishings. This was also a time when the second Industrial Revolution came about creating new classes of society. Because of these newly made classes of society, there were many people who had were able to move up in the societies more prominent ones because of the new revolution. All of a sudden there was a great need of "new" ideas in furnishings and house-hold goods. But because very few of these people had actually decorated homes before they needed some type of help. Charles Eastlake cam up and wrote "Hints on Household Taste" published 1878. Mr. Eastlake saw many people decorating their homes by using mass produced furnishings, cheap imitations, and used gaudy attempts to impress their neighbors, so Eastlake wrote a resource book specifically for "proper" home decorating in the Victorian age. Women were now able to make decisions with better judgments in decorating, because of the use of this book. Charles Eastlake born in 1836, was an artist, architect and because of his disgust of interior decorating became an authority on home decoration. Eastlake published "Hints on Household Taste" at the age
Beginning of the industrial revolution in britain.
Beginning of the industrial revolution in britain. The debate about the start of the Industrial Revolution also concerns the lead of 30 to 100 years that Britain had over other countries. Some have stressed the importance of natural or financial resources that the United Kingdom received from its many overseas colonies or that profits from the British slave trade between Africa and the Caribbean helped fuel industrial investment. Alternatively, the greater liberalisation of trade from a large merchant base may have allowed Britain to utilise emerging scientific and technological developments more effectively than countries with stronger monarchies, such as China and Russia. Great Britain emerged from the Napoleonic Wars as the only European nation not ravaged by financial plunder and economic collapse, and possessing the only merchant fleet of any useful size (European merchant fleets having been destroyed during the war by the Royal Navy). The United Kingdom's extensive exporting cottage industries also ensured markets were already available for many early forms of manufactured goods. The nature of conflict in the period resulted in most British warfare being conducted overseas, reducing the devastating effects of territorial conquest that affected much of Europe. This was further aided by Britain's geographical position- an island separated from the rest of mainland
