Sea Defence. Which is better: hard or soft engineering?
Which is better: hard or soft engineering? Hard engineering options tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable. Hard engineering is the controlled disruption of natural processes by using man-made structures. An example of hard engineering is a sea wall, these walls are built on the edge of a coastline and made to protect the base of cliffs and also to limit the amount of coastal erosion on a cliff-face were land is being absorbed by the sea. These walls could also prevent coastal flooding. This type of hard engineering is good as it has many aspects and is effective. Disadvantages of creating a sea wall are that it is very expensive to build; the curves in the sea wall reflect the wave's energy back to into the sea, therefore the waves remain powerful. Another disadvantage is that the walls erode after time and the cost of maintenance is high. Another example of hard engineering is groyne, a groyne is a wooden barrier built at a right angle to the beach. Groynes are built to prevent the movement of beach material along the coast by long shore drift. This allows the build-up of a beach; beaches are a natural defence against erosion and also an attraction for tourists. Disadvantages of building a groyne are that it can be seen as unattractive and is also costly to build and maintain. A
Effects of Genetic Engineering
The Impact of Genetic Engineering on Society Word Count: 748 Abstract The following article will discuss and go into depth about the facts about genetic modification on food, animals and even humans. Genetic engineering has both positive and negative sides to it. This article will explore both sides of genetic modification and its effects on society. Introduction Genetic engineering is the use of modern biotechnology techniques to alter the genes of an organism, such as a plant or animal. There are many positive and negative sides to genetic engineering. To some people, genetic engineering is the chance for an improved and healthier life, but there are others who fear that it is "playing God" and there is no evidence that genetically enhanced organisms will have a positive effect on our society over time. Each of these views is correct in certain ways. Genetic engineering could be used to enhance people's lives, but it could also be used to harm people's lives. Discussion Genetic modification is a significant issue that involves the whole community because of the mass amount of genetically enhanced foods being produced and consumed on a daily basis. Many buyers are unaware of the fact that if the food they are consuming does not say "organic" it means that there are at least 70% genetically modified foods inside of that product. Although many people are in favour of
Is Genetic Engineering Desirable?
Vivien trac 902 November 25, 2011 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the alternation or manipulation of genes to create the desire traits that does not occur naturally but is wanted in a specific plant or animal. These scientific processes usually increase further understanding of biodiversity and also bring about desirable and functional change. But the question is, are the effects of this new technology beneficial or harmful to human beings. The beneficiary of genetic engineering includes the possibility to alternate genes, of a plant or animal, to make a disease not so serious. That is beneficial because if a plant is suffering from pests, scientist can insert genes of the pest to the plant so it will be resistant to pests and also disease resistance. In the old human history, it was almost impossible to redesign existing plants or organisms but now through this biotechnology we can create more varieties and wanted traits in an organisms/plants. The genetic modifications of foods may also improve their taste/nutrition, thus their rate of growth. Moreover, scientists can also acquire traits we want in a plant or animal by alternating their DNA. If we wanted bigger apples or redder apples we can genetically modify them to make them that way. While genetic engineering genetic engineering can lead to greater quality of traits, it can also cause many types of
Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering
Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Introduction The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embracing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first "laws of heredity." Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes. For instance, in regards to eye colour, a child could receive one set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in four chance of having blue. Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organism's cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism.
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted. Discuss
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted "The tools of molecular biology have enormous potential for both good and evil. Lurking behind every genetic dream come true is a possible Brave New World nightmare" (Dudley 13). Although we all might not acknowledge it, these words hold the key to the future of mankind. The science of genetic engineering, also referred to as biotechnology, first came into the scientific realm in the 1970s. This recent technology offered a new way to manipulate an organism or a population of organisms. Researchers and scientists from around the world were thrilled at the upcoming knowledge that could answer many of their questions dealing with all aspects of genetics. The new genetic engineering technology was never meant to hurt individuals. On the contrary, it offered promises of manipulating the molecules that make up the genetics of living matter in order to benefit, even save, an individual's life. Although genetic engineering promises good fortune for the human race, many questions have been raised pertaining to issues concerning safety, necessity, and, most of all, morality of the entire enterprise. It has been shown through the years, that genetic engineering not only provides great risks to men, women, and children but also presents potential dangers to the environment. True, genetic engineering can have numerous medical advantages,
How does Spielberg use a variety of cinematic techniques in Jaws to engage the audience?
How does Spielberg use a variety of cinematic techniques in "Jaws" to engage the audience? Released in 1975 and directed by Steven Spielberg, "Jaws" became the highest grossing film of all time, taking the legendary Star Wars to surpass it. The film was based on the Peter Benchley novel inspired by the Jersey Shore shark attacks, and is set on the small Amity Island, whose residents are terrorised by a Great White Shark. Throughout the movie, Spielberg uses an array of cinematic techniques, such as an effective soundtrack and different camera shots, to create a nerve racking atmosphere which engages the audience from the very beginning. It is the intention of this essay to explore some of the technical variations used in "Jaws" within three set scenes and analyse their effect on the viewers. Firstly, in the first set scene, Spielberg introduces the audience to the "Jaws" theme tune and preconditions us to associate that with danger. The film starts with the title screen, where the non-diegetic soundtrack is first heard. This is then accompanied by an underwater camera, moving through weeds and reeds, which create a sense of uncertainty and fear, as we don't know what is on the other side. Also, the staccato nature of the soundtrack implies danger straight away, thus preconditioning the audience to feel scared when they next hear the music. This powerful theme tune
Film techniques used in Psycho
Baljit Bhambra Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho was released in 1960. The film starred two main characters - Anthony Perkins as Norman Bates and Janet Leigh as Marion Crane. The film Psycho is a thriller, and has been a great success as it had won many awards. Psycho was set in Arizona, mainly in the Bates Motel. The film proved to be a great success, as sequels were made. However, they were not as big a hit as the original Psycho. The film starts off with Marion Crane in a hotel room, and she is having an affair with a man named Sam. Sam appears to be having money problems and they are thinking of leaving together. Marion is supposed to bank forty thousand dollars in cash for her boss, but she decides on stealing it and running away. She is then driving for a long time, and finds herself at the Bates Motel, due to the bad weather. Here she meets the creepy and nervous owner Norman Bates who appears to live with his invalid mother. Marion is then horrifically murdered in the shower, and her body dumped. A week later, a Private Investigator goes up to the Bates Motel in search of Marion. He then is also murdered while he is there. Marion's sister Lana Crane also goes to the Bates Motel as she wants to find out just what has happened to her sister. There she discovers just who the murderer is as the film reaches its terrifying climax.
shocking literary techniques - George Orwell's 1984
George Orwell - 1984 George Orwell's book 1984, is his nightmarish vision of the future in England. He has used many ways to grip the reader and make a vision in the reader's mind of what is happening in the novel. In the novel '1984', the author, George Orwell employs a range of different techniques such as similes and metaphors to unnerve and keep the reader in anticipation, forcing them to read on. Orwell opens the rest of the chapter by introducing the society to the reader, "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU" , this gives an idea that whinston is totally evicted from freedom. From the opening pages of 1984, it is enevitible that whinston is going to see death sometime in the book. Orwell has introduced 'thought crime' to the reader, "Thought crime does not entail death, thought crime is death". Whinston has done this by writing I his diary in the opening pages. These opening pages, display a picture in the readers mind of the society that whinston is stuck in. The opening chapter of Orwells novel, introduces the bleak and depressing setting to the reader. He displays the setting as very dark and frightening and he constantly raises the matter throughout the chapter. Orwell displays this decayed setting, like a dystopia. He also portrays the landscape as grimey and a distate, " his work place, towered vast and white above the grimey landscape." This is the constant effect
In this essay I will trace in detail soft things that Lennie pets in the novel, showing that the petting grows more serious as the novel goes on.
Janiece Charlton English Lennie and "Soft" things Definition of the word trace: follow, hint, and mark out. In this essay I will trace in detail soft things that Lennie pets in the novel, showing that the petting grows more serious as the novel goes on. In the novel Lennie pets mice, he dreams about petting rabbits, destroys someone's dress in Weed, hurts Curly's hand, kills a pup, and kills Curley's wife. Bad things come in threes, Lennie's two accidental killings of animals foreshadow the final killing of Curley's wife, an accident that seals his own fate and destroys not only his dreams but George's and Candy's as well. In the beginning Lennie used to pet mice that his Aunt Clara used to give him, he would always end up killing them because he didn't know his own strength. Lennie never killed any pet or person purposely; he pets too roughly and kills them accidentally. An example of his rough tendencies is in the first chapter (page7) when Lennie wants to keep a dead mouse and George wouldn't let him Lennie says" Uh-uh. Jus' a dead mouse, George. I didn't kill it. Honest I found it. I found it dead." The dead mouse is also an allusion to the novel's title, a reminder that dreams will go wrong, even petting a mouse. Lennie's touching of a girl's dress in Weed is what forced them to leave their last job (page8).What happened in Weed is first mentioned by George when he
What techniques does Shakespeare use to reveal Iago's villainy?
What techniques does Shakespeare use to reveal Iago's villainy? The play Othello is a stereotypical Shakespearean tragedy and it uses characters that are stereotypical of the views people had during the Jacobean period. Othello is a tragedy because the main characters die at the end f the play, also throughout the play themes of prejudice; deceit and love/hate are introduced. Shakespeare has used other sources other that his imagination for his plays. 'Othello' was thought to have been taken from Hecatommithi, a collection of Italian short stories written by Giraldi Cinthio, the story seven contains many of the same names and situations as in Othello. In this essay I will analyze and comment on how Shakespeare uses techniques to reveal Iago's villainy. I will look at what effects the techniques Shakespeare uses have on the way Iago is presented to the audience. In act 2 scene 3 'Othello' we can clearly see the way Iago uses his surreptitious mind to persuade Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Casio. Due to Iago's manipulation of Othello, Othello starts to doubt Desdemona's loyalty and becomes under Iago's control. Iago uses a sly way to get Othello's attention and get him to believe what he has to say is true, he uses phrases such as "my noble lord" using both a personal pronoun by saying "my" and flattery by calling Othello his "noble lord" which would be
