Business Process Re-engineering
. Introduction The concept of the radical restructuring of business processes was first coined "reengineering" by Michael Hammer in a 1990 Harvard Business Review article. However, this original definition evolved by different authors in different publications: Accoding to Hammer and Champy, 1993 the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvement in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed. (Dixon et al., 1994) defined Reengineering as "radical or breakthrough change in a business process. Reengineered process designs seek dramatic orders of magnitude, as distinguished from incremental improvements in business value" Again (Lowenthal, 1994) described reengineering as the fundamental rethinking and redesign of operating processes and organizational structure, focused on the organization's core competencies, to achieve dramatic improvements in organizational performance Although these definitions appear somewhat varied, common elements, including the words fundamental, radical, dramatic and process, appear in virtually all generally accepted definitions of reengineering. Hammer (1995), in an effort to further define reengineering, argues that any definition of reengineering must include these four terms: fundamental, radical, dramatic and process The practice of reengineering
'Genetic Engineering: Friend or Fiend'
'Genetic Engineering: Friend or Fiend' What is GM? A deliberate alteration to the gene of a living organisms e.g. animals, plants, or bacteria to change their characteristics, is said to be genetically modified. [2] It involves the combining of genes from different organisms to make a new gene, which would be placed inside the DNA of the species to be manipulated. E.g. a fish gene could be placed into a tomato gene. All organisms have the same genetic code which is made useful for the fields of medicine, agriculture, food and the environment. [3][6] (Tomato PIC)[5] How is Genetic Engineering applied to the world? GM is used in a range of fields ranging from agricultural settings to the making of medicines. Genetic engineering started around the 1960's and the development of techniques in the 1970's provided an increase for the productivity in agriculture. [1] Around 67.7 million hectares of land are used worldwide in 18 different countries to grow modified crops with two thirds of the GM crops being herbicide tolerant which means the crop is immune to the weed killer sprayed. Before GM products were developed, there would have been competition between the weeds and the crops for the nutrients and minerals in the soil. This caused the yield of crop production to be lower. [1] The United States is the most profitable country containing the largest amount of GM grown
What Should Genetic Engineering Do For Us
What Should Genetic Engineering Do For Us The age of genetics has arrived. Society is in the middle of a genetic revolution that some futurists predict will have a greater impact on culture than the industrial revolution. So, in this essay I am going to look at the area of genetic engineering, and how I think it should be used. The future of genetics, like that of any other technology, offers great promise but also great problems. Nuclear technology has provided nuclear medicine, nuclear energy and of course, nuclear weapons. Genetic technology offers the promise of a diverse array of good, questionable, and bad technological applications. How powerful a technology is genetic engineering? For the first time in human history, it is possible to completely redesign existing organisms, including man. Scientists are no longer limited to breeding and cross-pollination. Powerful genetic tools allow us to change genetic structure at the microscopic level and bypass the normal processes of reproduction. Scientists are also developing techniques to treat and cure genetic diseases through genetic surgery and genetic therapy. They can already identify genetic sequences that are defective, and scientists are working on replacing these defects with properly functioning genes. Next, I will cover what causes genetic diseases. They arise from a number of causes. The first are
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MORTONS ENGINEERING LTD
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MORTONS ENGINEERING LTD TO: MANAGING DIRECTOR OF MORTONS ENGINEERING LTD FROM: AMY JACKSON PRODUCTION ASSISTANT INTRODUCTION Mortons Engineering Ltd manufacture and supply parts for the railway industry. This report is designed to look into modernising and restructuring the production line. This will involve the purchase of a new computerised system, which will enable the company to expand its current level of output. Using the current level of output and production to forecast cash flows, the three systems will be evaluated using investment appraisal and recommendations made as to which one will be best suited to Mortons engineering Ltd. METHODOLOGY Investment appraisal (also known as project appraisal) is used to make financial decisions on whether or not to invest in a project. It is a methodology for calculating the expected return based on cash flow forecasts of many, often inter-related, project variables. Risk emanates from the uncertainty encompassing these projected variables. The evaluation of project risk therefore depends, on the one hand, on our ability to identify and understand the nature of uncertainty surrounding the key project variables and on the other, on having the tools and methodology to process its risk implications on the return of the project. A capital investment decision is like any other decision with
Traffic engineering
CONTENTS PAGE: Page 1: Introduction Page 2: Traffic survey diagram Page 3: Traffic management Page 4 and 5: The roundabout Page 6: Using PICADY Page 7 and 8: PICADY continued Page 9: Traffic survey Page 10: Traffic survey continued Page 11: Traffic survey failure diagram Page 12: Traffic survey failure continued Page 13: Analysis of Data Page 14: Reference. Introduction: Traffic Engineering is that phase of engineering which deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operations of roads, streets, and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands and relationships with other modes of transportation for the achievement of safe, efficient, and convenient movement of persons and goods. Traffic Engineering applies engineering principles to help solve transportation problems, and brings into play knowledge of psychology and habits of users of the transportation systems. (Arizona Department of Transportation early 1970's) There are many people who still to this day have queries as to why a traffic problem is so difficult to understand and resolve and that why an engineer would be needed to be called upon once a situation has occurred. Many questions have been typically answered by saying installing a traffic signal, lower or increase the speed limits or install more signs. Whenever excessive traffic controls are installs, extreme traffic
Genetic Engineering.
Genetic Engineering This essay is going to discuss genetic engineering. The essay will concentrate on genetically engineered animals and in particular 'Dolly the Sheep'. Dolly the Sheep is more commonally known as a 'clone' of a normal healthy sheep. Depending on the age of the dictionary the biological definition of cloning can be : * A group of genetically identical individuals descended from the same parent by asexual reproduction. Many plants show this by producing suckers, tubers or bulbs to colonise the area around the parent. * A group of genetically identical cells produced by mitotic division from an original cell. This is where the cell creates anew set of chromosomes and splits into two daughter cells. This is how replacement cells are produced in your body when the old ones wear out. * A group of DNA molecules produced from an original length of DNA sequences produced by a bacterium or a virus using molecular biology techniques. This is what is often called molecular cloning or DNA cloning * The production of genetically identical animals by 'embryo splitting'. This can occur naturally at the two cell stage to give identical twins. In cattle, when individual cells from 4- and 8-cell embryos and implanted in different foster mothers, they can develop normally into calves and this technique has been used routinely within cattle breeding schemes for over 10
Aeronautical engineering.
MECHANICS; THE TRIFILAR SUSPENSION By: BILAL GHALY B.ENG AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING GROUP B1 Introduction The periodic time, T of the oscillations and hence the moment of inertia of the body on the platform can be calculated using the following formula: T = 2? * L * (Io + I) r2g * (Mo + M) Where; L = Length of the suspension wires r = Radius from the centre of the platform to the attachment points of the suspension wires. Io = Moment of inertia of platform Mo = Mass of platform I = Moment of inertia of body M = Mass of body g = Acceleration due to gravity The moment of inertia of the platform, Io can be calculated measuring the timing of the oscillations of the platform when it is unloaded; hence I and M will be zero when calculating. In the case of the rectangular bar; since it is of a regular shape, a value of the moment of inertia (Iyy) through the axis yy through G, can be calculated using the following formula: Iyy = M (l2 + w2) 12 Where; L = Length of the bar W = Width of the bar This can then be compared to that obtained using the trifilar suspension. In the case of connecting rod, the above formula cannot be used since it does not have a regular shape; hence a second estimate is obtained by swinging the connecting rod as a compound pendulum. The connecting rod is suspended from a knife edge by means of the small-end bearing and
Genetic Engineering.
TASK THREE Genetic Engineering During cell division the chromatin of the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of DNA and contain genes. A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for the production of a protein. All genes carried out in the nucleus constitute the genotype. The actual individual that develops the physical appearance is known as the phenotype. There are two related by the equation; Phenotype = genotype + environment DNA In DNA the bases are A,C G and T. DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined in the middle. The base A pairs with T and C pairs with G. TRANSRIPTION A special enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule at the ''start'' sequence. This causes the strand to unwind. They move along the DNA molecule and nucleotides complementary. The DNA are linked in to form a growing mRNA molecule. At the ''stop'' sequence the enzyme becomes detached and the mRNA molecule passes to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. TRANSLATION When the mRNA reaches the cytoplasm the two sub - units of the ribosome attach to it. 2 mRNA codons are exposed and complementary transfer RNA binds in place. They are held until the peptide bond is formed to link the amino acids together. The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon when the process is repeated. DNA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > mRNA - - - - - - - - - -
Researching careers in engineering.
Introduction Mechanical engineering interests me because I've always had a curiosity about designing cars and buildings. As a young lad I loved constructing creations with Lego, playdough and Meccano. Presently I enjoy the two crucial subjects necessary for Mechanical Engineering, which are math and science. I have always received excellent grades in both subjects in the past. Two of my cousins in India are engineers and they both say engineering is a respectable and rewarding profession. In addition I have gone to Go West engineering camp at UVic for the past two years and I have found it both insightful and thought provoking. The camp leaders one of which was a mechanical engineer, told us of the various types of engineering fields, however mechanical engineering interested me the most. I think because we got to design a robot out of Lego and program it so that it could find its way through a maze. Another reason why I chose mechanical engineering is because there are so many interesting fields you can specialize in, for example, aerospace, energy, robotics, and transportation. Also I learned that recent studies indicated that 40% of all engineering openings were for graduates of mechanical engineering, which means I'd probably have a job once I graduate! Job Description Mechanical engineers take science and math and apply them to real world situations.
Engineering - new modes of transport questionaire.
HNC Engineering Design Assignment 1 - Design Report Kevin Cash University Of Kent EzzzE Travel(tm) Customer Requirements A questionnaire style survey took place in Rochester Town Centre where a thousand potential customers where asked about a new mode of transport in the Medway Towns. The idea of EzzzE Travel(tm) was extremely positive, 927 people answered YES when asked 'would they make use of a mono rail type system that ran through the heart of the Medway Towns via popular attractions and landmarks.' The demand for the system was far greater than expected. Questionnaire Results From the questionnaire the following customer requirements where identified in order of priority: . Safety 2. Reliability 3. Cost 4. Comfort 5. Fast and Efficient 6. Environmentally friendly 7. Accessibility Design Parameters The EzzzE Travel(tm) system must cover the conurbation of the Medway Towns giving transport to those areas in most demand, i.e. popular route. The EzzzE Travel(tm) system must be both practical and economical in terms of use and maintenance. EzzzE Travel(tm) must be driverless but only accessible to either pre-paying customers or ticket on demand basis. Each cab/train must weigh no more than 1000kg and be powered by low power battery or a 'green' fuel. Separate drop-off and access points are required and a Maximum of 6 seated passengers per cab. EzzzE
