The aim of this investigation was to look at the reliability and validity of Hans Eysenck's EPI Test. The EPI questionnaire comprises of items of a 'yes/no' variety.
Abstract The aim of this investigation was to look at the reliability and validity of Hans Eysenck's EPI Test. The EPI questionnaire comprises of items of a 'yes/no' variety. They are essentially intended as research tools (as opposed to diagnostic tools for use in clinical settings) and, as such, 'they are regarded as acceptable, reliable and valid' (Kline 1981, Shackleton and Fletcher, 1984).The Alternative Hypothesis was that there would be a positive correlation between the E and N scores for forms A and B of the EPI. The Null Hypothesis was that there would not be a positive correlation between the scores for forms A and B, and any such found relationship would be down to chance factors operating. The correlation study was carried out because we were looking for a relationship between the E scores and the N scores for forms A and B of Hans Eysenck's EPI Test. The independent variable and dependent variable were not operationalised in this case because an experimental method was not being used and this investigation used test re-test reliability. A repeated measure design was used because it was quick, economical and cancelled out individual differences. Eighteen naïve psychology students, male and female were used for this investigation. An opportunitive sample was used because it was quick, easy and could be carried out in a classroom. The results, taken from the
In this assignment the Author intends to discuss, evaluate and research the reliability and validity of diagnosis and classification, demonstrate and recognise the values and limitations required when discussing psychological disorders and finally conclud
How reliable and valid is Diagnosis and Classification In this assignment the Author intends to discuss, evaluate and research the reliability and validity of diagnosis and classification, demonstrate and recognise the values and limitations required when discussing psychological disorders and finally conclude by writing an essay identifying how useful diagnosis and classification is when applied to people in real life situations. There exist two main diagnosis and classification manuals, firstly The International Classification of Diseases or ICD-10, which is an international standard diagnostic classification for all general epidemiological and many health management purposes, as classified by the World Health Organization or (WHO); and the second is the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or DSM-IV. (Coordination Group Publications 2009; Richard Gross 2010). The DSM-IV appears to be the preferred online resource diagnostic and classification manual presently utilised by both psychiatrists and/or psychologists within the field; DSM-IV contains a list of possible mental health disorders, individuals are rated on multiple axes/dimensions and diagnostic categories which aim to predict a possible diagnosis of mental disorder, ultimately reliability and validity. (Coordination Group Publications 2009;
The Reliability of Memory. Theories of Freud, Bartlett and Loftus.
MEMORY RELIABILITY Memory is a mental process that allows humans to store information so that information is not lost but remains preserved and can be present to be remembered, it also enables us to learn and makes possible for humanity to move forward. Our entire civilization has been constructed upon memory, but how reliable memory really is? Before psychology ever existed and psychologists began trying to understand the mysteries no person had questioned the possibility of its errors. Freud was a pioneer in studying affectations in memory; he was particularly interested in analyzing the reasons that cause some things to be forgotten. He proposed the theory that those memories were repressed and trapped in the subconscious because of the negative effect they would have on the awaken mind. After several studies he came to realize yet another fault of memory, he discovered that some techniques used to retrieve those memories can create false memories instead, this was named the False Memory Syndrome and it gave one of the most important insights on the possibility the memory is not entirely perfect. Two other researchers tried experiments on memory. The fist, Frederic Bartlett argued that memory is reconstructive and that previous knowledge influences what is recalled. He conducted an experiment based on serial reproduction in which he presented a Native American story for
Reliability of Sigmund Freud's claims
TOK - Sigmund Freud and Psychology Peter Frederiksen Svane 3/10 - 2008 ___________________________________________________________ . What did you learn that you considered as useful knowledge/information from watching the movie? In the TOK course, one is concerned with the extent to which something can be justified, and if the given knowledge is useful. The movie explained Freud's basic ideas about the forces governing human behavior. Whether these can be believed, or not, is in the end up to the individual to determine, and I will do so later. Freud's ideas give a way to explain different people's behavior, and hence a tool to predict how the individual person will most likely act in certain situations. That information, if applied correctly, can be very useful. If I am aware of that, according to Freud, some are more prone to commit various crimes that can directly bring me in danger, because they have grown up under certain conditions, I and society can take our precautions. Similarly, a person who has grown up under "optimal" conditions can benefit society, and one might therefore want to draw upon that person. The danger, however, of such knowledge resembles very much that of stereotypes. Those are by its very definition false, and therefore impose unjustified barriers between two person, cultures, etc. That, in fact, prevents society as whole from gaining knowledge
Internal and External validity.
Internal Validity is the approximate truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationships. Thus, internal validity is only relevant in studies that try to establish a causal relationship. It's not relevant in most observational or descriptive studies, for instance. But for studies that assess the effects of social programs or interventions, internal validity is perhaps the primary consideration. In those contexts, you would like to be able to conclude that your program or treatment made a difference -- it improved test scores or reduced symptom logy. But there may be lots of reasons, other than your program, why test scores may improve or symptoms may reduce. External validity concerns making generalizations about your results. That is, how well do the conclusions of your study apply to other people in other places at other times? Generally speaking, social science researchers are interested in acquiring knowledge about a sizeable population. And yet, often it is not feasible to obtain information from every individual in that population. Hence, researchers draw samples from the larger population, administer the measurement instrument to this smaller sample group and generalize the results back to the entire population of interest. Internal and External validity: When we conduct experiments, our goal is to demonstrate cause and effect relationships between
Discuss the reliability issues of the experimental method
Discuss the reliability issues of the experimental method. An experimental method is where the researcher manipulates an independent variable under controlled conditions in order to measure the effect on the dependent variable. It allows researchers to identify the differences between conditions. There are three main types of experiments these are, a laboratory experiment, a field experiment and a quasi experiment. Each have their own strengths and weaknesses. Experiments are reliable as they use objectivity instead of subjectivity. Objectivity is not being influenced by personal feelings or opinions; only considering facts. This is what makes the experiment reliable. If there is no interpretation of any information gathered then there is no space for mistakes. Unlike observations that use qualitative data, the experimental method only deals with quantitative data. Quantitative data is collected therefore only figures are collected and analysed to give a specific result. Quantitative data is easily repeated therefore making the experiment reliable. The researcher control's the variables in order to get their quantitative data. For example Elizabeth Loftus's independent variable was whether the man in the scene was holding a cheque or a gun. This is how she manipulated the variables and she then got the participants to fill out a 20 multiple question,
Internet Risks and Reliability Issues
(P1) Internet Risks and Reliability Issues (P2) Introduction: This report was produced by undertaking research into several types of business activities on the internet. The report also identifies the risks and reliability issues associated with the type of activity. The report was produced by Haroon Sheikh for the Websters Supermarket. The report was compiled and submitted on 25th FBY 2008. Findings: One of the popular worries about e-commerce is the possible (and probably exaggerated) abuse of credit card numbers. But if you book a holiday over the Internet, shouldn't you also worry about a hacker getting hold of your home address and the dates of your holiday, and connecting it with your recent purchase and insurance of expensive Jewelry. Identity theft is a catch-all term for crimes involving illegal usage of another individual's identity. The most common form of identity theft is credit card fraud (theft and fraud committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account) While the term is relatively new, the practice of stealing money or getting other benefits by pretending to be a different person is thousands of years old. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Customers know when this happening because they are warned
Evaluate the reliability of trial by jury
Analyse and evaluate the reliability of jury trial in england and wales. (18) Jury trial began in 1215 after the magna carta charter of liberties outlines a persons right to be tried by the lawful judgement of their peers. The role of juries has changes overtime since from key cases such as Bushell's case 1670 and R v Wang 2005 which both established that juries are independent from the judge and the judge is to have no influence over the decisions of juries. Juries are used in civil cases, criminal cases and inquests. Their role is governed by the Juries Act 1974, the Criminal Justice act 2003 which incorporated reforms from the Auld report on juries and the Criminal justice and Courts act 2015. Jurors are selected through the Central Juror Summoning Bureau Jurors have to meet specific criteria to be eligible to serve as a juror, this can enable jury trial to be reliable as it ensures jurors are capable. Jurors must be 18-75 after the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2003 raised the age limit, they must also be a UK resident for 5+ years and be on the electoral register as that is how they are selected. Jurors may be excluded if they are on bail, have serious mental disorders and have serious criminal convictions or have convictions under the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015. The eligibility requirements make sure juries are reliable and capable, ensuring no one with
As I Lay Dying Reliability of Perception
Reliability of Perception In William Faulkner's novel, As I Lay Dying, tragicomic register entangles the narration provided by both Bundren and non-Bundren narrators. The coexistence of hilarity and calamity forges situational irony that illustrates the Bundren family's tribulation with wavering perspective. Whether kindhearted or acrimonious, however, these ironic moments play a prominent role in most of the novel's vignettes. The many non-Bundren narrators who perceive the Bundren escapade to be an uncanny amusement or a crude irreverence underline an ensuing a sense of a humorous realm. Accordingly, reliability in perception can be derived in outsiders who are able to step back from the quicksand of self-absorption that victimizes the Bundren family members and perceive the circumstance with a selfless mind able to laugh at the seemingly cursed fate of the Bundren family. From a detached perspective held by narrators outside of the Bundren family, it is easy to gaze down upon their trials and travails and indulge in comic perception tainted with blasphemy towards their misfortune. Indeed, Moseley and Peabody undoubtedly add fuel to this rampant fire of sacrilege. Upon Moseley's account of the Bundren's disembarkation in Mottson, his adaptation of their odyssey discloses the very truths the Bundrens themselves repudiate: the family had been lugging around a decaying
Improving Demand Reliability of Supply chain By focusing on Factory Responsiveness
Improving Demand Reliability of Supply chain By focusing on Factory Responsiveness (ICI Paints) Final Project Report in Supply Chain Management Under the guidance of Prof. B.S. Sahay By Group 13 Apurva Sharma 03P011 Dinesh Kumar Gupta 03P087 Kaushik Bose 03P027 Anant Swamy 03P007 Lavish Talegaonkar 03P098 Management Development Institute Gurgaon 122 001 November 25th , 2004 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICI PAINTS is keen to establish a dominant position in the paint industry. It has decided to focus on demand reliability to improve its performance & customer satisfaction. One of the important factors to improve demand reliability is by focusing on factory operations & improving its responsiveness. The report discussing in detail a responsive production system, the various metrics & how it can be achieved. As markets become more volatile, lean supply chains are under pressure to become agile. Whilst lean and agile are often seen as opposites, much of the lean philosophy and practices are foundational for an effective agile company, and indeed as the research results show, most companies require a combination of the two approaches. The report suggests a Leagile production system to achieve a responsive factory. The mix of appropriate techniques to achieve this combination will differ depending on the products and processes within a given supply chain, and there is
