What reforms, if any, are necessary to the legal aid system
What Reforms, If Any, Are Necessary To The Legal Aid System The Legal Aid System was set in place by Clement Atlee in 1949 in order to provide those people who would otherwise not be able to afford legal representation with the chance to receive it. This means a fairer legal system for all people involved in it, in theory. However, in practice there are some hurdles which are still to be overcome in the legal aid system in order for the system to work in the way for which it was set up. Over the past decade there has been great reform of civil procedure and now many more people are eligible to benefit from legal aid. The Government's aim was to "facilitate seamless access to justice,"1 and because of these reforms "Millions of people now have new rights in law, but limited means or ability to achieve rights in practice."2 This demonstrates an underlying theme that although people have gained more rights it is still hard to put them into practice as often the services are unavailable to those who need them the most. Throughout the duration of this essay I will be looking at suggested reforms which have been proposed for the legal aid system and the ways in which this may benefit the legal system as a whole, instilling more faith and trust in it from the public. In his Article "Breaking the Deadlock," Arthur Marriot examines how the enforcement of the Legal Aid Act 1949
Is Competition policy necessary?
Is Competition policy necessary? Competition policy is defined as being, government policy to influence the degree of competition in individual markets within the economy. It aims to promote efficiency and protect the interests of the consumer There are four main bodies set up in the UK with the task of monitoring firms, -The Office of Fair Trading, headed by the Director General of Fair Trading (DGFT) has strong new powers to impose penalties on companies that breach the Competition Act 1998. In addition it keeps watch on UK, EC and international monopolies, mergers, restrictive agreements and anti-competitive practices. The DGFT advises the Secretary of State seeks undertakings from firms where necessary and can act directly to deal with certain practices. -The Competition Commission has two main functions: it investigates and reports on matters referred to it by the Secretary of state or the DGFT (and in some cases the utility regulators); and the Appeal Tribunals of the Commission hear appeals against decisions of the DGFT under the Competition Act 1998. - The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry who has overall responsibility for competition policy in the UK, takes the final decision to stop or change anti-competitive behaviour (including mergers) in the UK under the Fair Trading Act 1973. The Competition Policy Directorate advises the Secretary of State.
Is Animal testing necessary?
Is Animal Testing necessary? "A key question in science is not whether something can be done, but whether it should it be done."- Dr Maggy Jennings, Research Animals Department, RSPCA. The use of animals in research generates two key questions: Are animal experiments necessary and are they morally justified? These points are hotly debated, but there are no simple, black and white answers. The use of animals in experiments is one of the traditional approaches to finding out how human and animal bodies work (both when healthy and in times of illness or disease) and for testing products such as medicines and industrial chemicals. Scientists who use animals argue that there is no other way of achieving their scientific objectives, and that alternative methods, such as using computer models or cell cultures, will not provide the information they require. However, there is serious debate about the value of information obtained from much animal use - for example, whether the results from experiments on mice are relevant to human biology and medicine. The motivation for undertaking some experiments is also questionable - will they answer important questions, or are they simply driven by curiosity or commercial interests? With the continuing development of non-animal approaches to research, the claim that animal experiments 'are essential' for particular purposes must be constantly
Are musical influences important to a composer, or is it necessary to be original?
Are musical influences important to the composer or is it necessary to be original? Throughout musical history, from medieval plainsong and chant, through to the serialism and minimilism of the 20th century, music has evolved. I believe this evolution has occurred due to a combination of influences and originality. All composers are given an education including musical theory and instrumental lessons. The facts they learn during their education, and the pieces they play when learning an instrument form the basis of their musical influences. It is impossible to play a piece without, to a certain extent, analysing it; whether one likes the piece, or dislikes it, it becomes part of your musical background that influences you. As such, and because all composers must learn the history of music, and play music written by other composers, I do not believe that musical influences are so much something that is important to the composer, as something that is unavoidable. Whether or not it reflects in the pieces that they compose, all composers are influenced by the works of past composers. However, given that music has developed so greatly over the past few centuries, it would be impossible to say that there is no evidence of originality. Looking back, it is possible to see moments of originality that have allowed new musical techniques to be pioneered. The Mannheim school,
Is language necessary to think?
Is language necessary to think? If to think or in the process of thought is doing logic problems, or if thinking is a habitual response to actions for example, flinching when a baseball comes too close, or eating with a knife and fork, then one can think without language. But, on the other hand, if by thinking you mean an action by the active intelligence to a purpose, then the problem becomes more of "to what extent language defines or causes to come into being, reality". Heidegger, among others, would say that a meaningful world is "always-already"1 there and by learning language we learn the meaning of the world. Wittgenstein would probably add that "thinking" really describes many activities, all of whom share a family resemblance, but all these descriptions might not have one single characteristic in common. Think of all the ways one commonly talks about thinking, and the varying situations in which the individual uses "thinking." We tend to hold real thinking to one specific model or logical standard, but this seems to be just one special case. One such special case would be a hypothesis introduced by Benjamin Whorf which is known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (linguistic determination). He believed that our thoughts are completely limited by our language, an example of this would be an event probably most people experience, it occurs when you are having a
Laws are necessary for the peace, stability, order and good governance of the civil society
1/17/2012 “All laws are rules but all rules are not laws” The fact that all laws are rules but all rules are not laws can be wholly feasible. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a “law” is outlined as an enforceable body of official rules and regulations, established by people in authority who use them to govern the affairs of people in a society whereas a “rule” is a special category of law written by state agencies to support, clarify, or implement specific laws enacted by the legislature called statutes. The main distinction that can be drawn between a rule and law is that a rule is enforceable while a law is unenforceable. An excellent example of an unenforceable rule is the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. It was designed to keep people from drinking alcohol beverages but this didn’t mean that all the people would adhere to it so this rule was obviously termed as an unenforceable rule. Rules such as – “No one should indulge in sexual activity before marriage”, “Married women and men should not commit adultery”, “Everyone should love his or her neigbour” and a few others are identified to be unenforceable rules. Contrary to the unenforceable rules, there are also examples of rules which can be enforceable .Some of these will include rules such as: “No one should steal”, “No one should kill another human being”. In
How the jury committee are selected.
THE JURY Jury can be defined as a body of people sworn to give verdict on the basis of evidence submitted in court. It is an important part of the modern English legal system to achieve justice and to decide innocence or guilt according to facts observed and presented. In this research, the main subject will be how the jury committee are selected, what is exactly the aim behind their presence in courtroom as well as to look at recent law reforms in relation to juries. The topics above will be presented in details, with some examples to support the argument that will include cases and statutes. SELECTION AND FUNCTIONS: Juries are selected at random from the electoral register, which include those registered to vote. The basic qualification for jury service is a simple age and residence qualification. "All registered as parliamentary or local government electors who have been resident in the United Kingdom for at least five years since the age of thirteen, are eligible for jury service"1. A random jury panel is summoned, and the prosecution and defence have a right to see the list of members. The number selected by the panel for the trial is 12. Certain groups are removed from this poll of eligible jurors, and they are divided into three categories. The first one is" excused persons; those aged between 65 and 70 may opt out of jury service"2 . Members of some
Was the Hiroshima Bomb Necessary?
Was the Hiroshima Bomb Necessary? 0261 - 012 IB History SL Ivan La Bruna May 2002 Word Count : 2325 Was the Hiroshima Bomb Necessary? During the middle of the twentieth century countries were involved in one of the most deadly wars of the century. European countries already had a war at the beginning of the century but they weren't able to avoid a second world war that involved also non-European countries. The expansion of the war made the alliances even bigger to the extent that there was too much power between the alliances causing the war to be inevitable. The countries started to war and slowly ran out of supplies and soldiers, this made alliances stronger and bigger because support was needed to continue war. The alliances would always end up to balance out because they prevented each other to have more power, as a result countries lost hopes for a closer end of war. The United States, to balance out the power and to solve their economic problems caused by the war, decided to join the war. Once in the war they also noticed that there was no hope to stop war quickly so they came to a solution, due to the circumstances, that war would stop if they would have dropped a disastrous atomic bomb over Japan. Japan was an enemy of the United States and the atomic bombs were used as warning to make them surrender, the Japanese didn't surrender after the first bomb on
Is the strike no longer necessary?
Is the strike no longer necessary? 'A strike has been defined as a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a demand.' (Hyman, 1984) Being the most overt and demonstrative form of industrial action, the strike is arguably the most misunderstood feature of industrial relations because of the critical way in which it is depicted in the media. Strikes, discouraged by UK legislation, arise for many reasons, some of which include disputes about pay, conditions of work, union recognition, demarcation disputes, health and safety, discipline and job security. In recent years there has been a general tendency for strikes to be defensive; they seek to defend existing wages, which is evident in the ongoing fire-fighters strike, and also existing working conditions, which is evident in the recent train strikes. The biggest single cause of strikes has traditionally been disputes over wages; the famous Pilkington strike of 1970 provides an excellent example of this. However, many strikes are also held because of fears about job certainties. This was reflected in the long and bitter Miners Strike in 1984, where workers were to lose jobs in the coal industry. Strikes tend to be viewed by union members as a last resort; disputes need not lead to a strike if there are alternative methods of resolving differences. They have a
The Church Is Necessary for Salvation
The Church Is Necessary for Salvation. Explain how the Catholic Tradition understands this. The Christian doctrine describes salvation as 'the deliverance, by the grace of God, from eternal punishment for sin which is granted to those who accept by faith God's conditions of repentance and faith in the Lord Jesus' (Dulles, A. 2003). The catholic tradition understands that in order for an individual to achieve this status, it is necessary for them to interact with the Catholic Church. This is because it is regarded as the universal sacrament of salvation. The necessity of the Catholic Church in attaining salvation for adherents is because it provides an avenue to attain essential sacraments required for salvation, such as baptism, the Church is viewed as the Mystical Body of Christ which Christ uses to carry out His mission. Formal explicit adherence to the Catholic Church is also necessary for salvation as God has instructed it with the power to lead adherents to achieve this status. However, the Catholic tradition also displays understandings that if a person unknowingly doesn't find the church but lead a life of gracious humility, they can be saved. This has been expressed in the 'Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus' and 'Lumen Gentium', documents of the Church. Salvation is believed to be a gift from God in which individuals can obtain eternal life. This is achieved through faith
