Analyzing the content of Vitamin C
Analyzing the content of commercial vitamin C tablets Objective To determine the vitamin C content in commercial vitamin C tablets by titration between vitamin C (ascorbic acid) & iodine solution. Hence, compare this data with the manufacturer's specification. Principle In this analysis, certain amount of iodine solution, which is known in excess, is added to acidified ascorbic acid solution. Brown iodine can be easily reduced by acidified ascorbic acid to form colourless iodide ion: ‹ Equation I The excess iodine is then back titrated by standard sodium thiosulphate solution, by using a burette and starch solution (used as end point indicator) Similarly, iodine can also be decolourized by thiosulphate ion: 2S2O32- + I2 › S4O62- + 2I- ‹ Equation II Any iodine present will react with starch to form a blue-black complex. However, when all available iodine has been reacted, the blue-black complex becomes colourless which signals the end-point. Hence, the mass of ascorbic acid reacted by iodine can be calculated. Chemicals vitamin C tablet(s), NaIO3, 1M NaI solution, 0.5M H2SO4, approximately 0.06M Na2S2O3, freshly prepared starch solution Apparatus electronic balance, beaker, volumetric apparatus, pipette, glass rod, white tile, dropper, measuring cylinder Procedure 1.> Accurately weigh 0.6 to 0.7g sodium
Sociology Content and Analisis
Carolina Arias Ortega Content and Analysis In total I have done 3 interviews, 6 people have participated in these, 2 couples and 2 single persons. The ages of these participants are varied. (Names have been changed) The first person to interview was my Aunt Petunia aged 47. She is widowed and only been married once, she has never been divorced. Secondly I interviewed Sally 46 and James 56; they have been married for 18 years. Dom 16 from my sociology also class took part in my project. And lastly Monika 21 and Samuel 24 who are a cohabiting couple. My first key finding was that marriage and divorce nowadays is not seen as a such a big issue as it was once, when asking my sister Monika and her partner Samuel, a young couple whether they intended on marrying they said that they probably wouldn't but that if they did it wouldn't be for themselves, but for their parents who did see it as important. Monika said "I don't see marriage as a big deal, it's only a bit of paper, I don't need it, I already know Sam loves me and he knows I love him, what's the point? Too much work!!" Her partner Sam seemed to share this opinion with her, "If Monika sees getting married as a big deal I wouldn't mind, but if she doesn't then that's cool too". They both seemed to be in love with each other and completely comfortable about talking about their future plans with me, they
Measuring Vitamin C content in different substances
BIOLOGY Analysing the Vitamin C content in fruit juices - experiment write-up Aim: I'm going to investigate the concentration of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid; C6H8O6) in various fruit juices and to compare them. This experiment will see the following fruit juices going under experimentation: pineapple, orange and papaya juice. I'm going to use these juices because I expect these to have large amounts of vitamin C and this should allow me to get good results. Hypothesis: I predict that the orange juice will have the highest Vitamin C concentration. From my own knowledge, a citrus fruit such as the orange is rich in ascorbic acid, more commonly known as Vitamin C. Much is not known about the pineapple or the papaya, therefore I can safely assume that the orange juice will have the highest concentration of vitamin C in it out of the 3 fruit juices. Apparatus: * Standard 1% Vitamin C solution (Acts as the control) * Pineapple Juice (From a fresh, brand new carton) * Orange Juice (From a fresh, brand new carton) * Papaya Juice (From a fresh, brand new carton) * 1% DCPIP (Dichlorophenol-indophenol) solution (Turns colourless when in the presence of Vitamin C) Standard lab glassware/equipment: > Measuring cylinder (To measure out accurately the volumes of fruit juice), > Pipettes (Used to extract the juices from carton with contaminating the juice), > Test tubes (To
Vitamin C content in juice
Is High Vitamin C all it claims to be? These days, there is much concern on our consumption of food drink, we're told we do not intake the required daily level of fruit and veg, many manufactures claim to provide excellent levels of nutrients, This experiment will be carried out to see whether the vitamin c levels claimed by manufacturers are actually present in the drinks, this will be done by experimenting various drinks using blue DCPIP solution. The quantity of vitamin C in food and drink can be determined using a simple colour test. Vitamin C decolourises the blue dye DCPIP (dichlorophenolindolphenol). Vitamin C is an antioxidant and reduces the DCPIP. DCPIP changes from blue to colourless (or slightly pink) as it becomes reduced. Hypothesis: Is High vitamin C all it claims to be? Prediction: Fruits have high levels of vitamin C therefore fruit juice, in particular orange will require the least volume to decolourise DCPIP as Orange juice has the most Vitamin C. Ethical issues- The nature of this experiment is unlikely to have any ethical issues, the aim of the results is increase understanding of our diet and nutrition levels. Variables Independent: The type of juice. Dependant: The Vit C content/volume (cm³) of DCPIP required for decolourisation. Variables which may affect the result: o The drinks were kept in the fridge, at 4 degrees ºC, then at
Through close analysis of its content and style, show how "Fat" may be considered a typical Raymond Carver short story.
Through close analysis of its content and style, show how "Fat" may be considered a typical Raymond Carver short story The story "Fat" is one which is both thought provoking and insightful. It is written in very simple language but the actual core of the story is a lot more complex than it appears on the surface. It is about a woman who works in a diner- the narrator- who is reasonably happy and stable in her life and relationship with her boyfriend, Rudy, until her life is oddly changed by the simple act of an extremely overweight man coming into the diner. She intrigued by him and cannot help scrutinising everything he does, watching him intently, especially his fingers. The fact that he is full of compliments aimed towards her makes her feel proud and pleased, mainly because her ignorant boyfriend is both insensitive and crude. This causes her to question her current position in life and whether it will change. This story is indeed typical and expected of one written by Raymond carver- instantly one picks up on specific points which always relate to his stories. This, as are others, including "They're not your husband" is set in a seedy, second rate American diner. The woman involved in the story, the narrator, is in a relationship with an unpleasant man and there is a sudden epiphany at the end of the story indicating the termination of the relationship- "My life is
Measurement of the vitamin C content of fruit juices
James Hobbs 10IP Measurement of the vitamin C content of fruit juices Plan: Aim: To investigate the effect of heating on the concentration of vitamin C in fruit juice. Introduction: DCPIP is a purple dye that is decolourised by adding vitamin C or a fruit juice that contains vitamin C. If a standard solution of DCPIP is used then the vitamin C content of different fruit juices can be compared, the more juice it takes to decolourise a standard of DCPIP than the smaller the concentration of the vitamin C in the juice. If the DCPIP solution is first tested with a known concentration of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) then it is possible to calculate the vitamin C content of other juices. Vitamin C is found in foods such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tomatoes, fresh green vegetables and potatoes. A lack of vitamin C causes a disease known as scurvy. The symptoms of this are; Fibres in connective tissue of skin and blood vessels do not form properly, leading to bleeding under the skin, particularly at the joints, swollen, bleeding gums and poor healing of wounds. Vitamin C cannot be stored in the body, so there needs to be a daily intake of vitamin C. Vitamins are group of organic substances quite unrelated to each other in their chemical structure. The features shared by them all are: * They are not digested or broken down for energy * Mostly, they are not built into the
The purpose of this Titration Analysis of ASA experiment was to use titration analysis techniques to determine the amount of ASA content contained of a standard pain-relief tablet.
Data Collection & Processing: *This Section Includes All Data Processed From the Lab - Data Collection - Tables Of Results: - Table 1: Titration of 10.00 mL of KHP (K4C7HO2COO) With 0.150 mol/L NaOH(aq) Titration of 10.00 mL of KHP (K4C7HO2COO) With 0.150 mol/L NaOH(aq) Trial 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (mL) ±0.5ml 3.80 23.50 7.10 38.10 Initial Burette Reading (mL) ±0.5ml 4.20 3.80 7.40 28.40 Volume of NaOH(aq) Added (mL) ±1.0ml 9.60 9.70 9.70 9.70 Color at Endpoint Light Pink Light Pink Light Pink Light Pink - Table 2: Titration of ASA Tablet With 0.150 mol/L NaOH(aq) Titration of ASA Tablet With 0.150 mol/L NaOH(aq) Trial 2 3 Final Burette Reading (mL) ±0.5ml 41.00 42.40 5.00 Initial Burette Reading (mL) ±0.5ml 27.90 29.40 2.00 Volume of NaOH(aq) Added (mL) ±1.0ml 3.10 3.00 3.00 Color at Endpoint Dark Pink Light Pink Light Pink Data Processing: Balanced Chemical Reaction Equation (Used for Molar Ratio and other calculations): NaOH (aq) + KHC8H4O4 (aq)==> NaKC8H4O4 (aq) + H2O (l) Molar Masses of Elements/Solutions Used in this Experiment: Symbol Element Atomic Mass C Carbon 2.01078 H Hydrogen .007947 O Oxygen 5.99943 Na Sodium 22.989769282 K Potassium 39.09831 ) KHP (KHC8H4O4 (aq)): 204.2220 g/mol 2) NaOH (aq): 39.9971 g/mol 3) ASA (C9H8O4 (aq)): 180.1583 g/mol List of Uncertainties in the
To employ iodometric titration to determine the content of vitamin C in commercial tablets using volumetric analysis and compares it with the manufacturers' specifications
Date of Experiment: 20th November, 2004 Analysis of Commercial Vitamin C Tablets Aim: To employ iodometric titration to determine the content of vitamin C in commercial tablets using volumetric analysis and compares it with the manufacturers' specifications. Introduction Vitamin C is an essential substance for maintaining good health and it is proved to be the agent which prevents scurvy. Most animals can synthesize their own vitamin C, but some, such as human cannot. Owing to the increasing concern for one's health since the last century, vitamin C tablets become the most popular supplyment to normal diets. In this experiment, the vitamin C content of a commercial tablet is determinded and compared with the maunfacturers' specification. Vitamin C is water-soluble and is an enantiomer of ascorbic acid. (Commercial vitamin C is often a mixture of ascorbic acid and other ascorbates.) Ascorbic acid, C6H8O6, is a reducing agent that reacts rapidly with iodine (I2) in acidic medium to produce iodide ion (I-) and dehydroascorbic acid, as shown in the following equation: + I2(aq) -----------> + 2H+(aq) + 2I-(aq) Ascorbic acid (Vit. C) Dehydroascorbic acid However, since iodine is only slightly soluble in water, ascorgic acid should not be titrated directly by a standard iodine solution, since the end point of titration is not o obvious. Instead, back
To employ titration technique to determine the content of vitamin C in commercial tablets using volumetric analysis and compares it with the manufacturers' specifications.
Title: Analysis of Commercial Vitamin C Tablets Objective: To employ titration technique to determine the content of vitamin C in commercial tablets using volumetric analysis and compares it with the manufacturers' specifications. Chemicals and Apparatus: Potassium iodate(V) solid, 1.0M potassium iodide solution, 0.5M sulphuric acid solution, sodium thiosulphate solution, starch solution, one piece of Vitamin C tablet, one piece of 50.00 burette, one filter funnel, two pieces of 25.00 pipette, one 250.00 volumetric flask, pipette filler, glass rod, dropper, three 100 beakers, 10 and 100 measuring cylinders, one conical flask, a electronic balance and a piece of white tile Background: The history of vitamin C is the history of the human disease scurvy, probably the first human illness to be recognized as a deficiency disease. Its symptoms include exhaustion, massive hemorrhaging of flesh and guns, general weakness and diarrhea. Resultant death was very common. Scurvy is a disease unique to guinea pigs, various primates and humans. All other animal species have an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of L-gluconactone to L-ascorbic acid, allowing them to synthesize vitamin C in amounts adequate for metabolic needs. Vitamin C is a six-carbon chain, closely related chemically to glucose. It was first isolated in 1928 by the Hungarian-born scientist Szent-Gyorgi, and
Effects of Objectionable Content on Behavior
Running Head: EFFECTS OF OBJECTIONABLE CONTENT ON BEHAVIOR Effects Of Objectionable Content On Behavior [Author's Name] [Institution's Name] Effects Of Objectionable Content On Behavior Since the availability of contents that are objectionable, there has been finger pointing and blame casting centered on the professed role of media in encouraging or fostering objectionable behavior. For example, following countrywide protest encouraged by Columbine High School shooting on April 20, 1999, by which public interest seized on information that the two adolescent perpetrators had appeared the fans of the rated-M-for-mature video game Doom and notorious rock star named Marilyn Manson (Greenspan, 1999). The issue whether or not "the media influence them to do it" did not start with the incident of Columbine High School and nor did it finish with their- inexhaustible debate over such content in media that is objectionable and its affect on adults and children has much bottomless roots and persist today. Public statistics such as best recording artist Marshall Mathers (2000) and selling novelist named Stephen King (1999), between other stars have announced in reaction to public accusations that their work has affects teenagers to commit incidents of violence that are schools associated. Nevertheless, no certain evidence has been found to prove that aggressive media encourage
