Conceptual Foundations of Occupational Therapy
Conceptual Foundations Essay Section 1 The occupation I have chosen to perform an occupational analysis on is brushing teeth. I believe this is appropriate for Mr M for a number of reasons. Firstly because Mr M has reported that he has pain and swelling in his hands so holding a toothbrush may be difficult for him. Also because Mr M has identified that he has most trouble in the morning and this is a time when people generally brush their teeth. Finally, Mr M stated that a priority for OT intervention was helping him with his personal activities of daily living. The essay will contain a general analysis, and a performance analysis, focussing on teeth brushing. General Analysis A general analysis is used to place a certain occupation in cultural or environmental context. This general analysis will focus on teeth brushing for Mr M and why it is relevant for him to be able to carry out this occupation. This general analysis will follow a structure adapted from Watson D (1997) (Cited in Landrock et al 2008 p17) * Occupational/activity/task - Brushing teeth * Role performance Carrying out his occupation does not help to define Mr M in any particular roles, however it could be said that teeth brushing is part of a self care/personal hygiene role. It could also be said that if Mr M was not able to carry out this task (and other self care tasks) his other roles, such as
Depression is a mental health disorder and invisible illness. It affects everything about the person.
Depression Depression is a mental health disorder and invisible illness. It affects everything about the person. Depression involves the body, mood and thoughts. If not treated, it could last for months or even years. In some types of depression, the mental health disorder can run in families. People that are vulnerable to being depressed are often stressed, have low self esteem and often those who suffer from a medical illness such as cancer are also prone. People that are stressed could be stressed because of home life, work or school. If someone is suffering from a long term illness such as cancer or Parkinson's disease, the individual can often become depressed because they might not have the strength and are physically weak to do anything for themselves and ashamed that they need help. Often a change in the person's life can trigger it off. The symptoms of depression can vary on each individual. A manic depressive or otherwise known as Bipolar Disorder. The person who suffers from this disorder has mood changes such as severe highs which is (mania) and lows (depression), hence the name 'Manic Depression'. When a person is in the depressed state, he or she can have all or any of the symptoms which include- persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness/guilt/worthlessness, loss of interest in hobbies, decreased energy, insomnia, weight change and irritability. When the
Teenagers in Depression.
Teenagers in Depression Depression is a common problem that affects men, women, young and old alike, but it is young adults suffering from depression who are not taken seriously by the rest of society. "What could teenagers possibly be depressed about?" This is a common statement from adults who do not understand the workings of the young mind, but teenage depression is a serious problem and can, in some cases lead to very tragic consequences. There is a dramatic increase in the number of children aged 5 to 14 who attempt suicide, according to Shamoo & Patros (1997) Despite the increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly under diagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment, which may often continue into adulthood. According to Nutt, Bell, Materson & Short (2001), the reason why depression is often over-looked in children and adolescents is because children are not always able to express how they feel. For many teenagers, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self -esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity. For other teenagers, depression arises from poor family relations, which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents, (Lasko 1996). "When parents are struggling over marital or career problems, or are ill themselves, teens may feel the tension and try to
Leagal and Illegal Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse A drug may be defined as any chemical substance, other than food, that when taken into the body alters its structure and/ or function. Drugs may be used for treating, diagnosing and preventing diseases. Used in this way, drugs are beneficial. However, when drugs are used in excessive amounts for non medical purposes, this is drug abuse. Psychological, physical and social problems arise from such use. Social Problems Caused By drug Abuse Drug abuse leads to accidents, crime, prostitution and suicide. If a drug is illegal then persons found with it can be prosecuted. Illegal drugs are expensive and drug dealers earn a lot of money selling them. There is great temptation among unemployed youth to into the business. Many serious crimes such as murder and wounding are associated with drugs. Petty stealing is one way drug users finance their habits. Many young women (and men) also become prostitutes to earn money for drugs. Drug abusers often lose interest in school, work, play and companionship of friends. Families may be neglected because one or both parents use all their time and resources on drugs. This leads to serious problems with family relations, absenteeism from work and loss of jobs. Economic problems are common, especially if the abused drug is expensive. Treatment for the drug abuser is also expensive and not very successful. Scarce resources are spent
Existential Therapy: A Cultural Perspective.
RUNNING HEAD: EXISTENTIAL THERAPY: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Existential Therapy: A Cultural Perspective Danielle S Green University of Phoenix November 13, 2003 Existential Therapy: A Cultural Perspective Existential psychology understands human beings are fundamentally engaged with their worlds. Accordingly, culture can be understood to be the expression of that engagement, and therefore, related to psychology. Humans are social creatures. Therefore, human beings must be understood in relation to their world and their broader cultural context. When considering all the therapies and theories of psychology, the existential approach is the most applicable when working with culturally diverse clients. In 1999, Vontress and colleagues wrote that existential counseling is probably the most useful approach to helping clients of all cultures finding meaning and harmony in their lives (as cited in Corey, 2001, p.163). In its simplest terms, existentialism studies how people live in the world across all cultures and socioeconomic groups. Because all men and women face the same basic issues of love, suffering, and death, existentialism is really a universal philosophy of life. (Epp, 1998, para. 35) These issues are present in every culture, gender, ethnic background, religious belief and sexual orientation. Additionally, every human being must come to terms with all of these
Judith Beck 1995, "Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond" book review
Beck, Judith S 1995, Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 1st edition, The Guilford Press, New York. The author Judith Beck is an American psychologist who is known for her work in cognitive therapy. Her father is Aaron T. Beck, M.D., who is the founder of cognitive therapy. She has worked closely with him developing the therapy for use in clinical treatment. Judith Beck has written this book in a clear, step by step style, for a novice or experienced therapist who wants to learn and practice Cognitive Therapy. She explains the methods of the cognitive therapy originated by Aaron T. Beck and has added her own perception on how to become a skilful cognitive therapist. The book focuses on explaining the main cognitive conceptualisations and techniques used in cognitive therapy. The conceptualisation provides a framework for the therapist to gain an understanding of the patient, diagnose the patient, and plan treatment within sessions and throughout the course of the therapy. Within the sessions the progress of the patient is continually monitored and the primary focus is on helping the patient to solve or cope with the problems that they have, and achieve goals which they have deemed important during the process. The book demonstrates the way in which a therapist would achieve this understanding of the patient using a range of techniques. The therapy is based on the
Gm foods and Gene therapy
8.4 USES OF GENE TECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT TITLE: USES OF GENETIC ENGENEERING ALL CRITERIAS (Mixed) P18.4, M18.4 and D18.4 Gene technology permits the biologist to obtain a gene as of one cell and place it into a different cell which could be animals, plants or microbial, to create new mixtures of genes. The two examples I will be using for this assignment are GM foods and Gene therapy. GM FOODS GM stands for genetically modified foods. They are foods formed from genetically modified organisms (GMO), which have had their DNA changed during genetic engineering. GM foods are usually operated to relate to crop plants produced for animal or human consumption using the most recent molecular biology techniques. These plants have been adapted in the lab to improve required traits like bigger resistance to herbicides or enhanced nutritional content. The development of required traits has by tradition been took on during breeding, but conservative plant breeding techniques can be very slow and are regularly not very precise. Alternatively, genetic engineering is able to make plants with the precise required trait very fast and with precision. For instance, plant genetics is able to segregate a gene in charge for drought tolerance and insert that gene into another plant; the latest fresh genetically modified plant will get drought tolerance too. Genes from non-plant living things are
Gene Therapy And Gene Technology
Gene Therapy & Genetic Engineering What Is Gene Therapy? In recent years there have been truly great discoveries and advances in medical science. One of these discoveries is the idea of Gene Therapy. The concept of Gene Therapy was presented in the late 1970's. Scientists believe that a gene can be transplanted into humans who suffer from severe diseases that are life threatening. Gene Therapy can be defined as "the use of genetic material (usually deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA) to manipulate a patient's cells for the treatment of an inherited or acquired disease."Gene Therapy might seem a simple procedure; however it is a very complicated medical treatment. It is quite remarkable how Gene Therapy can be used to treat diseases and disorders by modifying a person's genome as it is impossible to change the genes in every cell. However, scientists have said that by targeting specific areas, it is possible to provide some sort of treatment or cure. In strong support of the idea, medical scientists say gene transplants could perhaps even cure diseases for which no effective treatment exists. Gene Therapy seems to be an excellent method to cure severe diseases and disorders and keep people healthy. However there is speculated side effects which are possible and that scientists are currently working on to improve. On top of this, there are many limitations on this therapy such as
Drug abuse kills - My key question.
PSE Coursework Drug abuse can kill! Introduction Drug abuse kills - My key question. This will be my hypothesis. I have chosen this key question because I have a lot of information and drug leaflets/books on drug abuse and how it kills its abusers. I already have some leaflets on death caused by drug abuse, but I still need more information on this subject. I'll collect more information on drug abuse from my library (John Harvard library) and the chemist close to borough station. My mother will also get me some general drug information which I will use to explain the functions of different drugs, what their medical use it and what their abusive use does. After the I finish the drug information, I will show some pictures of victims of drug abuse and a plotted map with the place which contains the most drug abusers. Drugs information. The types of drugs: Barbiturates - Barbiturates are any group of drugs that depress brain function, they come from barbituric acid, a combination of urea and malonic acid. Depending on the dosage or formulation, they can have a sedative, sleep-inducing, anticonvulsant or anaesthetic effect. Short acting barbiturates such as thiopental are injected to induce rapid anaesthesia before surgery. Phenobarbital, a long acting barbiturate, is prescribed with other with other medications to prevent epileptic seizures. Other barbituric acids,
Past and Current Drug Trends
Past and Current Drug Trends Chemical Dependency in the Workplace Drug use and abuse changes from decade to decade. The various types of cultures in America have an effect on what types of drugs are being used and abused at any given point in time. There are varying types of health problems that occur from drug abuse that range from a bloody nose to depression to liver damage to death. In December 2005, the Gallup Youth Survey proposed questions to some 480 teenagers and the results shows some 31% of the teenagers surveyed claimed that the used of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs is high on their list of concerns. The following will discuss some of the trends within our youth. Alcohol is a readily available drug to people of all ages. The youth in America are starting their consumption of alcohol at an early age. A Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YBRS) conducted in 2005 by the Centers for Disease Control show that one - third of the ninth grader surveyed had drunk alcohol before the age of 13, one - quarter of the tenth graders, and one - fifth of the eleventh and twelfth graders. One of the biggest reasons for our youth drinking at such a young age is the influence of their parents. As the children grow up and see their parents drink, possibly in excess, on a regular basis, they might get the impression there is no problem with it. The youth might not realize their parents
