Investigation into the factors affecting the Heat of Reaction.
Marc Abraham Investigation into the factors affecting the Heat of Reaction Magnesium + hydrochloric acid = magnesium chloride + hydrogen + heat. In this experiment we want to know how the length of magnesium affects the heat given off by this reaction. Mg + HCL = MgCL + H+ Prediction I predict that the longer the strip of magnesium used the larger the increase in temperature. This is because there is more surface area and more particles of mg to react with the HCL to produce product and heat is released, i.e. product formed is noted as a temperature change, as this is an exothermic reaction. Variables The variable in this experiment is the length of the magnesium strip. Controls * Volume of HCL * Concentration of HCL * Time (mins) Fair Test * To ensure that the surface area of the strips are constant make sure each strip is straight. * Make sure that the temperature is the same at the start of each experiment, as temperature is a factor that affects the rate of reaction and hence the amount of product and heat produced. Safety * HCL is irritant - wash skin with cold water if contact occurs * Wear goggles Apparatus * Pipette * Measuring cylinder * Polystyrene cup * Thermometer * Ruler * Scissors * Lid with hole (to fit thermometer in) * 75 cm magnesium * 25 ml (x 5) * Stopwatch * Beaker Diagram Method * Put 25 ml HCL into measuring cylinder
Investigating factors which affect heat loss from a beaker of hot water.
Investigating factors which affect heat loss from a beaker of hot water Planning In this investigation I am going to survey the factors that affect heat loss from a beaker filled with 55ml of hot water. This will be done by using a numerous amount of materials. Factors which affect heat loss from a beaker of hot water: - Mass of H2O - Size of beaker - Temperature Difference - Material Colour - Air Pressure - Relative Humidity Forms of heat loss: Radiation This is the loss of energy, in this case heat energy, through the atmosphere via electromagnetic waves. (This gives it the ability to travel through a vacuum, i.e. the sun shining through space to Earth.) When this energy reaches an object it is absorbed by it. The energy absorbed causes particles in the object to vibrate, and so it heats up. The hotter an object is, the more energy it has and therefore more radiation will occur. Also the larger the surface area of an object, the more energy it will radiate. Dull coloured objects radiate more energy than shiny objects. Convection Convection is the expansion of particles when they are heated. When a water is heated, the particles within the substance expand and become less dense that normal. Due to this decrease in density the particles rise through the substance, and at the surface of the water some of the particles evaporate. As more water evaporates, more
How the increase in clothes on a body prevents heat loss.
Planning Introduction In this experiment I hope to find out how the increase in clothes on a body prevents heat loss. To put this experiment easier to make we shall use test tubes as the body and increase the number of cotton layers around it to represent the clothes. We shall plan a strategic method to calculate the heat loss in each test tube over a certain period of time. We shall observe how fast the body decreases in temperature by recording the temperature every 30 seconds. Safety In this experiment we shall be working with a lot of glass therefore we have to be careful in the presence of test tubes. The thermometers are also very fragile and the mercury may be harmful if released. Fair Test Constants Variables Temperature of water surrounding the body No of layers on the test tube Temperature of body at the start of the experiment Temperature of the body (will be measured) Time that body is left in the h2o How far the body is submerged in the water Volume of water in the body Length of consecutive times to check it To keep the experiment fair, we have to keep everything the same except for the one variable we alter. This will then give us accurate results and help us find out what we intend to without altering the results. Prediction I predict that the more layers the test tube will have around it, the less heat it will lose in a certain period of
Investigating factors affecting the heat of combustion of alcohols.
Robert Stewart Investigating factors affecting the heat of combustion of alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death. Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be drunk safely and is found in all alcoholic drinks. Throughout this investigation I am going to investigate to different factors that affect the breakdown of an alcohol. e.g. Methane (HCO) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Aim I am going to investigate increasing the chain length and see what effect there is on the heat of combustion. Preliminary Work The point of preliminary work is to find out what things that I should vary and keep constant. For my preliminary work I used computer software called Focus Science Investigation 2. This software enables you to simulate experiments. This means that I am able to quickly carry out experiments to help in planning for my investigation. Alcohol Temperature Increase (oC) Mass of burner before exp. (g) Mass of burner after exp. (g) Change in mass (g) Methanol 20 70.00 67.08 2.92 Ethanol 20 70.00 67.77 2.23 Propan-1-ol 20 70.00 68.03 .97 Butan-1-ol 20 70.00 68.16 .84
Heat Loss
Biology Coursework Investigation - Heat Loss Aim To investigate how variations in surface area and volume ratios in organisms lead to variations in heat loss and retention. Introduction Large animals have the ability to retain heat more easily than smaller animals because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio. This is the what I am trying to prove in the experiment. There are examples of this in nature. In winter the robin fluffs its wings up in order to retain more heat. When it does this, it forms a more spherical shape and this also gives better heat retention. But as I am unable to use live animals in the experiment I am using beakers full of hot water. The reason that an animal with a lower surface area to volume ratio retains heat more efficiently is because there is a greater volume to keep the heat and a smaller surface area that is open to outside elements. Apparatus - Diagram (see below) - 2 x 500ml Beaker - 2 x 100ml Beaker - 2 x Tripod - 2 x Bung w/ Thermometer - Water Bath - Ruler - Insulating material Method Having set up the equipment as shown in the diagram, heat up the water to around 70OC and fill both 500ml beakers with water. Then leave them in the tripod and allow them to cool, taking care to ensure that the beakers are both at the same height above the desk.
The Rate of Heat Loss
Nicole Ryan The Rate of Heat Loss Introduction My investigation is to find out the main method at which a liquid cools. When a liquid cools down, it loses heat in four ways: * Conduction * Convection * Evaporation * Radiation Aim MY aim is to investigate which method of heat loss is mainly responsible for a cooling a liquid down by changing the main method of heat loss and measuring the cooling rate. Prediction Heat is generally transferred by conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation. All these processes can all happen simultaneously, but it is likely that one will give the greater heat exchange. Below is a description of the processes that will affect my experiment. Conduction This is where heat energy passes through the walls of the can by making the particles of the can vibrate and then they will make the particles next to them vibrate causing the heat to pass through the walls of the can and out to the surroundings. Materials that are good thermal conductors tend to be good electrical conductors; metals such as gold, silver and copper have high thermal conductivity's and will conduct heat readily. Materials such as glass have much smaller heat transfer values and are poor heat conductors. Convection This is where the cooler water particles sink down to the bottom and the warmer water particles float up to the top. Convection will only affect my
Rate of Heat Loss
Rate of Heat Loss Introduction My investigation is to find out the factors that affect rate of which heat transfer happens. Heat transfer is a process in which energy in the form of heat energy is exchanged between materials that are at a different temperature. Heat is generally transferred by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. All of these processes can all happen simultaneously but it is likely that one will give the greater heat exchange. Heat is exchanged through the brick wall by conduction. The surfaces of a high-speed aircraft are heated up by convection. The earth is heated by heat that is being radiated from the sun. These experiments involve the temperature of water taken at regular intervals from various different cups of different materials. Here is a description of the following processes that will affect my experiment: Conduction This is where heat energy passes through the walls of the can by making the particles of the can vibrate and then they will make the particles next to them vibrate causing the heat to pass through the walls of the can and out to the surroundings. Convection This is where the cooler water particles sink down to the bottom and the warmer water particles float up to the top. Convection will only affect my experiment if I did not have a lid. This is because the warm water will float up to the top and the heat
Heat Loss Investigation
Biology Coursework In this experiment, I will test different types of material and how they affect heat loss from the body. The materials I will use are; wool, cotton wool, cotton, felt, foam, polystyrene and newspaper. As it is difficult to accurately measure which materials stop heat loss from the body, I will instead measure heat loss from a conical flask. I will be testing which material insulates the best, and I will keep all the other variables constant. As 36.9°C is quite a low temperature I will use a higher one, 80°C, to test each material. The amount of water, as well as the starting temperature will be kept constant throughout; as will the size and shape of the conical flask. There will be a beaker around the conical flask, holding the insulator, so this test is on a constant volume, rather than mass of insulator. There will also be another flask with no insulator, but with all other variables constant. Prediction I predict that, at first, heat loss will be slow, as the glass of the conical flask will insulate the water; however, this is the same for all materials and should not affect the results. I also predict that foam will be the best insulator. I am varying the type of material and in general materials with more air gaps will be better because they trap a layer of air and thus insulate. However, bigger air gaps are not necessarily better because
Heat loss
Heat loss in homes The law about energy states that energy is conserved, which means that energy cannot be made out of nothing and cannot be destroyed. When energy is used it can be transferred from one place to another or it can be converted from one source of energy to another. Energy can either be kinetic (found in anything which moves) or potential energy (can be stored or latent).There are several forms of energy such as electrical, elastic or heat energy. Converting electrical energy to heat energy is efficient in our homes but much of that heat is lost to the environment as it escapes. Heat loss can be easily reduced by choosing the right materials in a house which will help prevent/reduce heat loss such as dark matt surfaces are better at absorbing heat energy than light shiny surfaces. Heat can be lost through conduction through several things in our homes such as the glass windows, walls and roof tiles. Conduction occurs when heat moves directly through materials from molecule to molecule. This can be minimised by insulating the house. Cavity walls can be created and the filled with insulating materials such as foam or polystyrene granules. Double glazing can also prevent heat loss through conduction as it traps air in between the two barrier panes of the glass or simply there can be a vacuum in between the glass so heat can't be lost from one particle to another.
Investigating heat loss from huddling penguins.
Sarah Smith Investigating heat loss from huddling penguins In my investigation, the one thing that I shall change by equal amount each time is the position of the test tube been assessed. (The position in a huddle) In my investigation, the thing I shall measure, will be the temperature. The make the investigation a fair test, here is a list of things that I'm going to keep the same: * Test tubes sizes * Amount of water in the test tubes * Time at which we start the clock * Starting time Apparatus - here is a list of everything I shall need to do my investigation: * Test tubes (penguins) * Hot water * Thermometer * Water heater * Stop watch * Beakers * Elastic band * Goggles * Kettle My prediction - what I think will happen: I think that the difference in position will affect the temperature. Therefore I think that the penguin positioned in the middle will have the greatest temperature all the way threw the experiment. Why I think this will happen: A penguin will lose heat in 3 different ways. One, by conduction - where heat moves threw a solid by the particles vibrating (creating the knock on effect). Two, by convection - this is where hot air/particles rises and cold air/particles rush to take its place causing convection currents. And three, by radiation. Radiation can travel through empty space and needs no form of median. The penguin stood
