There are many methods of research. Interviews are useful for both quantitative and qualitative research depending on the questions asked. They can also be structured or unstructured or a mixture of both. They are particularly useful if the researcher
The three pieces of literature to be reviewed are a journal called 'Supporting disaffected pupils: perspectives from the pupils, their parents and their teachers' (Vulliamy, G and Webb, R. 2003), a research report 'Absence from school: a study of its causes and effects in seven LEA's (Malcolm, H et al 2003) and a report 'Parents carers' attitudes towards school attendance' (Dalziel, D & Henthorne, K, 2005). The methods used to support the research were field work observations, semi structured interviews, questionnaires, a collection and analysis of statistical data from school, face-to-face interviews, postal questionnaires, telephone interviews, developmental work, telephone survey and depth interviews. To begin with the question needs to be asked, what is research? Green (2000) suggests that research is an investigation of a topic for a purpose. (Green 2000) Quantitative research produces results which can be expressed using numbers or statistics. This type of research is useful if you are exploring the extent to which something happens or if the focus is on how many, how often, how many people think and so on. (Bell, J. 1993) Qualitative research obtains view points and personal feelings from its participants. These are not easily measured. Qualitative researchers wish to gain insight into their topic rather than make an analysis of statistics. They are less concerned
Using the pre-release material and your wider sociological knowledge, explain and evaluate the use of semi-structured interviews to research the importance of work in shaping peoples identity.
Using the pre-release material and your wider sociological knowledge, explain and evaluate the use of semi-structured interviews to research the importance of work in shaping people’s identity. A semi-structured interview is a form of discussion which is used to collect qualitative data by setting up a situation (the interview) that allows a respondent the time and scope to talk about their opinions on a particular subject. It is not structured however the researcher does have a list of key themes, issues, and questions to be covered. In this type of interview the order of the questions can be changed depending on the direction of the interview. Nayak’s research in the Pre-release material ‘Displaced Masculinities’ explores how Working-class young men have had to rethink what it is to be a ‘man’ beyond the world of industrial paid employment and how it re-shapes it into a whole ‘way of life’ with the decline of traditional work and leisure lifestyles. First of all, when researching the importance of work in shaping people’s identity the researcher attempts to build a rapport, with the interviewee which allows them to create some sort of relationship bonding which enables them to trust one another. The interview therefore becomes like a flowing conversation, in Nayaks study: he wasn’t able to communicate/have access to the Charver Kids as ‘their school
Discuss what we can learn about children's event memory from the way they respond in interviews.
Cara Hannis Student Number - 1209639 Discuss what we can learn about children's event memory from the way they respond in interviews. In an age where the risks of paedophilia and child abuse are well known (and publicised) to the public it is crucial that we know how reliable children's recollections of significant events can be. Due to the realisation that this knowledge can have a huge impact upon the judicial system as thousands of children testify in sexual abuse cases each year and many more make claims of sexual abuse, the 1990's witnessed an increase in research into the accuracy of young children's memory. Before this time there was very little consideration for the specific age range of children that are abused, for example, very few preschoolers are used in studies, (possibly due to ethical considerations) yet preschoolers report a higher number of sexual abuse cases than any other age range. The questions asked were neutral and of no personal relevance and the conditions used in the laboratory did not reflect actual cases (Ceci and Bruck, 1993 ?). Therefore most research conducted before the 1990's can be regarded as inaccurate and irrelevant. Since then, numerous changes have been made in an attempt to give us a more accurate picture of the children's event memory, particularly in relation to interviews. For example, more preschoolers are participants, the
How far do you agree that too much reliance is placed on interviews in selecting new employees?
How far do you agree that too much reliance is placed on interviews in selecting new employees? The importance that has been placed on the interview in the selection process is nothing new. Time and time again, the interview has played a fundamental role in the selection of new employees and is used by both human resources specialists and managers acting in a recruitment/selection capacity to assess the marginal benefit of a potential recruit to an organization. In fact, if the literature on recruitment and selection is to be believed, then most employers consequently value interviews as one, if not the most important basis on which to select potential employees and the interview is used as the sole method of selection or in conjunction with some other types of selection methods. Despite its universality and ability to appeal to recruiters, many scholars and practitioners have denounced this almost omnipotent belief in the ability of recruiters to make good, sound judgements about a potential employee's future performance based heavily on the interviews that he/she would have undergone during the selection process. Interviews as a mode of selection and perceived benefits. Selection methods are used to assess candidates in order to estimate the extent to which they possess attributes that are thought to be desirable for the job (Robertson, 1996). In a generic sense, that
Research methods in the media industry.
Research Methods in the Media Industry student 9/27/2011 ________________ There’s a whole variety of reasons why research is undertaken in the media industry and there’s also a number of different ways to carry out research to acquire the different forms of information required. This report will be discussing the following in detail audience research, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, primary research and secondary research lastly consumer awareness Why we research in the media industry? As I said before research is undertaken for a variety of reasons. It might be so the director knows what they possibility may need to adjust in their production based on what it’s about, and this is known as content analysis where the producer and the director will research the subject matter to gather information to include into the final production. In addition research might also be undertaken be aware of legal restrictions for instance copyright infringement simply when you want to use the same ideas or the same content you will require written consent from the person who originally invented or owns the idea, in most cases copyright infringement doesn't protect the underlying ideas, it also doesn’t protect facts. For instance, copyright doesn't stop or limit you from expressing in your own words thoughts and facts that originate in any sources you read or view
Assess the strengths and limitations of using interviews for the study of educational achievement and material deprivation
Using the material from item 2(c), assess the strengths and limitations of one of the following methods for the study of educational achievement and material deprivation: . Interviews The use of interviews, which is a process of asking a set of questions to participants physically by the researcher, can have many advantages. First of all, it produces qualitative data which will be favourable for interpretivists. However it will clearly be criticised by positivists who believe that quantitative data is required. Firstly, interpretivists will look favourably at using interviews, especially unstructured interviews. This is because it will produce qualitative by allowing the participants to expand on their reasons and keep control of the interview. Perhaps it can allow the working class and ethnic minority students to talk about their experiences at home for example parents divorcing or interactions at school for example labelling to explain why they underachieve. From this, interpretivists can formulate reasons why poorer and materially deprived students do less well. Obviously, this form of research will be met less well by positivists who believe that quantitative data is needed to work out patterns and trends. They believe that official statistics or other forms of quantitative data are needed as they will provide vital statistics showing how poverty and material
Problems in Statistics and Research Methods
A GEM OF A STUDY Yoshiko M. Moss June 29, 2004 QNT 530 Problems in Statistics and Research Methods Michael Thomas Introduction GEM was established at the end of 1997 as a joint initiative by scholars in entrepreneurship from Babson College (U.S.) and the London Business School (UK). The project was designed to provide a framework for conducting long-range studies, multinational in scope, which would involve scholars in entrepreneurship from leading research institutions located in advanced countries. During the first year of the project, the participants had planned to investigate and ascertain the project's feasibility among the G-7 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the U.S.) and Denmark, Finland, and Israel. The research addresses three core questions: 1. Does the level of entrepreneurial activity vary between countries, and if so, to what extent? 2. What makes a country entrepreneurial? 3. Does the level of entrepreneurial activity affect a country's rate of national economic growth? In the context of the research, entrepreneurship is defined as "Any attempt at new business or new venture creation, such as self-employment, a new business organization, or expansion of an existing business, by an individual, a team of individual, or an established business." Methodology Data was gathered by ten research team working together in
Research proposal
Research Proposal The purpose of this research proposal is to address the area of domestic violence in heterosexual relationships and why women find it difficult to leave abusive relationships. The proposal will start with a title which basically indicates what the report is about. There will be a literature review which covers the key literature used for the study; research questions for victims of domestic violence will also be formulated to aid the study. The proposal will address the research design to be used as well as the methods of data collection and at the same time emphasis will also be placed on the appropriateness of the method chosen. As expected with every research the proposal will deal with possible problems that could be faced and how they will be addressed including ethical issues. The proposal will also address the timescale for this project outlining the research schedule and that should be concluded with a bibliography. Title: Women's silence to domestic violence: why some do no leave abusive relationships. Hypothesis: People hold the view that women who choose not to leave those abusive relationships are passive. Aims of the investigation * To explore a range of social explanations for the causes of intimate partner violence. * To find out why women find it difficult to leave abusive relationships. * To develop an informative framework to victims
Qualitative approaches in mass media research
Qualitative approaches in mass media research The qualitative approach to research largely came about as a result of disillusionment with the more scientific and numerically based quantitative approach, and basically sought "to describe and analyse the culture and behaviour of humans from the point of view of those being studied". A number of methods are employed to this end. For example, through the use of unstructured interviews, focus group analysis, case study analysis, and most commonly, particpant observation i.e. where the researcher participates directly in the life of the group/body/organisation that (s)he is studying. It is the purpose of this essay to discuss the extent to which the strengths of qualitative research can be outweighed by the often cited problems of reliability, generalisation and interpretation in the field of mass media research. I will make special reference throughout to two studies by the Glasgow University Media Group, "Bad News" and "More Bad News". Both studies employ the use of qualitative content analysis to analyse the question of bias on B.B.C. and I.T.N. news during the mid to late 1970's, focussing principally on their reportage of economic and industrial relations. Firstly it is perhaps necessary to define the terms reliability, generalisation and interpretation in the context of qualitative research. The notion of generalisation here
quantative research
Quantitative research is very common in natural sciences. Quantitative research is used to verify or support a hypothesis that already exists. Being without the structure provided by a hypothesis in quantitative research between variables tested, may create feeling of insecurity. This is understandable since quantitative research on human behaviour has a more clearly defined research agenda. Research is conducted through a cycle of phases. The methods applied to carry out quantative research are data analysis, which is collected through statistics. The nature of this type of perspective is known as positivism because it strives to tell the world it can be understood in one context. Quantitative research uses a deductive approach, making predictions, and testing hypothesis that have already been carried out. (Coolican, H. 1999) Researchers of quantitative research work with numerical data by analysing numbers. Characteristics have to be put in place in order for results to be accurate and reliable. Prior to conducting a research, researchers have to state both hypotheses. The next task carried out prior to the research is to implement the procedure they are going to use. Researchers have to provide statistical meaningful data and in order to do this they have to use large enough samples of people. A quantifiable sample of 200 people is an absolute minimum in order to carry
