Causes of the Cold war.
CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR (Literature Review) This literature review is concerned with defining causes of the Cold War. Its main purpose is to try to depict views of various authors presented in texts such as "We Now Know" by John Lewis Gaddis (1997, Oxford University Press), "Cold War Illusions" by Danna H. Allin (1998, Palgrave MacMillan) and in "The Origins of the Cold War 1941-1949" by Martin McCauley (1995, Longman) and other internet sources and to compare different perspectives of perceiving the comparative approaches. Cold war as a term has many times been explained in a bit confusing way and its actual meaning has been misinterpreted. At first I would like to define "Cold War" before discussing what might have led to it. What can be agreed generally, that Cold War according to the definition of war, has never existed. Though there was not any battling, as it was during world wars, its influence on the post-war world era has been even greater. The question is, when Cold war began and when it ended. M. McCauley thinks it "began in 1947 and ended shortly after Cuban Missile Crisis of 962". (1995) If the Cold War was perceived as a sort of friction between socialism and capitalism, it began in October 1917 and ended with the collapse of the USSR in 1991. (McCauley, 1995) Anyway, the first impressions of upcoming Cold War could be seen
Causes of world War 1
Causes of world War 1 The long-term origins to World War One start back in 1870 with the Franco-Prussian War. In the Franco-Prussian war France lost to Germany which lead to the two countries never being in an alliance with one another. Once the war was over it lead to the forming of the triple Alliance which was one of the main alliances during the first world war. The Triple alliance was made up of the countries - Germany, Austo-Hungery and Italy, and it was first formed because Germany needed help to guard Alsace-Lorrain from France as France wanted to get back its stolen land. Another of the long-term origins to World War One was Weltpolitic. Weltpolitic was a policy Kaiser Wilhelm the second, who believed that Germany had a right to become a global imperial power and should develop an army and navy to support its colonial objectives. Kaiser Wilhelm's personality and his policy of Weltpolitic were seen as contributing to international tensions. The policy lead Germany to construct a huge navy which lead to domestic problems as the navy cost heaps, It also lead into the start of the Boer wars and the Morrocan Crisis. Many Historians have said, 'Weltpolitic was only a half-hearted policy' (Paul Schroeder), and that it was only inviting the other countries to go to war. Fritz Fischer argued that - 'Germany provoked war and ensured that compromise was impossible in order to
Causes of the Cold War
Causes of the Cold War There were far reaching ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the start of the Second World War, of which were intensified as a result shared suspicions following the Second World War. . Primary Causes Ideological: The United States and the Soviet Union represent two opposing systems of government. In the United States, the government is elected, and thus influenced by the freedom of elections. The public is able to form political parties in order to express their political positions. Americans also possess the right of assembly, of press, and the right of speech. Now, in the Soviet Union of Russia, the government is fashioned by the hands of the Communist Party. Unlike the United States, the Russian people do not have the right to form their own parties. In addition to this, they are not entitled to the right of assembly, of press, or of speech. These two systems of government are entirely opposed to each other. As a result, there was little room for any compromise whatsoever between Russia and the United States. Economics: The U.S. desired to push for free trade throughout the world; however, Russia desired to defend her own area from international commerce. The fear from the Russian perspective was that trade with the West would involve risking Russia's totalitarian regime at the
Causes of World War One
Why was there a world war? Introduction World War 1 was a major conflict between July 28th 1914 and November 11th 1918. Nations from across Europe and the world such as Russia, Britain, France, Germany and Austria -Hungary were involved. From this war there was a death of over eight million people. The heir to the throne, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian national. This event was to kick off the First World War, but was only a trigger in why it came about. Causes of the war also dealt with Nationalism, Imperialism, and militarism along with the prominent alliance systems in Europe all strongly affected the outbreak of the war. Alliances Prior to 1914, the nations of Europe had been making alliances for twenty years. It was thought the alliances would bring peace and were needed when a country believed that the enemy is too strong for them, so they would call upon their allies for aid. Each country would protect each other if a war broke out, Making it stupid for one country to have war with another. The bad thing of these alliances was that an argument between two countries could bring all the other countries into one war. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: * Russia and Serbia * Germany and Austria-Hungary * France and Russia * Britain and France and Belgium * Japan and Britain Unfortunately World War 1 broke
'UN activity in the Korean War was nothing more than a cover for US anti-communism.' How far do you agree with this view?
'UN activity in the Korean War was nothing more than a cover for US anti-communism.' How far do you agree with this view? It was like any other Sunday morning, June 25, 1950, but the normality of the day was abruptly shattered by artillery, mortar and automatic weapons fire as North Korean forces breached the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. The inferior South Korean army was no match, and was forced to retreat to Seoul. Soon enough, troops from 15 countries went to South Korea to fight against the North Korean aggression, under the U.N flag. However, despite the apparent blanket of countries, it would appear it was the US who made up the largest segment of the UN forces, whilst other countries merely submitted token gestures. In fact, even before the UN resolution passed, President Harry S. Truman, recognizing an apparent threat to the free world and a start to the much feared domino effect, determined the U.S. could no longer remain neutral while communist powers trampled the free nations of the world. Therefore he ordered General Douglas MacArthur to provide whatever assistance necessary to repel this invasion. General MacArthur obliged and in no time the American was appointed head of UN forces. One might wonder how the UN came to pass such an act, especially when communist Russia, part of the UN, has the power of veto. Surely if they allowed the act to pass then
Causes of World War One
Causes of World War One World War I came about by a complex set of circumstances that had been building up since the late part of the 19th century. Two very important causes were the binding and cleaving alliance system, and the arms race between most countries. However, other factors contributed as well, and their importance ought not to be downplayed. The arms race was quite a derivative cause: nations implemented long peacetime conscription programs; Germany decided to expand its navy and this thus lead to a Dreadnaught making competition between her and Britain, who concluded from the Russo-Japanese war that long ranged boats were very effective; France and Germany doubled the size of their armies; intricate plans like the Schlieffen plan were made, and thus the military was very well funded and relied upon. The alliance system was the legacy of Otto Von Bismarck, the German Chancellor. He knew that France would not be on good terms with Germany for the foreseeable future, and thus he tried to have as many nations as he could allied to him. The Austro-Hungarian empire was an almost unconditional ally, given the compassionate settlement of the Seven Weeks' War and because of ethnical and cultural ties. Bismarck dreaded the idea of Russia and France allying against Germany, so whilst he was around, everything was made to attain them (unfortunately Wilhelm II did not
Cultural gap between Korean and English people
Cultural gap between Korean and English people Debating cultural gap between English and Korean is quite controversial and not easy to be distinguished so that this paper selects some outstanding differences between two countries such as appearance, way of thinking, food and living style, which can be discussed rather than analysing all the factors. In case of English people, they normally have mixture hair colours such as brown, ginger and blond. Also, they are, in general, taller than Koreans. Moreover, completely different thing from Korean people is that there are lots of ethnic mixtures in England. The main reason for this fact is that English people used to compete with other countries and to explore its colonies around the world in the past. As a result from that, different ethnics might immigrate to England. Cultural mixture in London, especially, may be derived from the spread of the British Empire in the past and it can be extended to the present, making London an international city. In contrast, it is quite unusual that Korean have single ethnic tree as similar to Chinese. We can see from Korean people that they have got black hair colour, dark brown eyes and a little bit yellow skin colours. This means that there is very little cultural mixture with foreign countries. At a glance, they have little bit shorter average height than western people and it is quite a
Causes of the Cold War
Causes of the Cold War The cold war was a direct result of many causes. The leaders of the world could not agree on very much and lead the world into the cold war. During the second world war, Britain, France, USA and the Soviet Union had all been allies, fighting against Germany. After World War Two, Britain, France and the Usa had become enemies of the Soviets. The Cold War was caused by several events. The first of the nine events was the yalta conference. The yalta conference was held on 4th February through the 11th 1945. The main discussion was the future of poland, it was decided that poland would be divided and much of the eastern sector was given to the Soviets and the western sector was given to Germany. It was also decided at Yalta that Germany would be divided into four zones: British, French, USA's, and Soviet. In turn, Berlin, Germany's capital, would also be divided into the same zones.other decisions made were that east european countries would hold free elections and the new organization that would replace the League of Nation would be the United Nations. Following the Yalta Conference was the meeting at Potsdam. At Potsdam two of the 'Big Three' were not present, as they had changed. President Roosevelt had died on April 12th 1945, and was replaced by president Harry Truman. Also, Churchill had lost the general election, and was replace by Clement
The Causes of World War 1
History - Causes, Practices and Effects of World War 1 World War 1 (WW1) was a defining war in history because of its outcomes. However, it is one of the most unique wars because of the number of events that happened previously and that they were the cause of such a horrific conflict. There were many factors that contributed to the outbreak of the First World War, and many historians still dispute over the exact causes. Imperialism and the competition over colonies and territories was the major factor but was not fully responsible in causing 'The Great War'. 1 The other reasons that World War 1 started are varied and included many countries, some of these causes include, alliances, previous wars, nationalism and industrialism. A lot of the other causes developed because of a previous dispute over land and that is why this factor is so important in the start of World War 1. One of the main territorial disputes, and indeed one of the main causes WW1 started, was the many battles over Alsace-Lorraine. This bit of land is a territory that is situated right on the border of Germany and France, which the two nations had been fighting over for centuries and over many battles. The most recent conflict before the First World War was the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. This war 'created a new power at the heart of Europe'2 and was a major factor in the
Causes of the Spanish civil war.
Spanish Civil War "The main causes of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) were the slim victory of the Popular Front in the February 1936 elections and the political murders of socialist Jose Castillo and parliamentary member Jose Calvo Stoleto." The main causes of the Spanish Civil War were, on the obvious level, the shortcomings of the Nationalist party in the 1936 elections as they lost to the Popular Front by a close margin and the assassinations of a political figurehead as well as a police officer. Beyond the straight forward answers to the causes of the Spanish Civil War there were a some 'deeper' and more complex causes in this major 20th Century conflict. The first cause was that of the grip of the Monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church on the people of Spain. Another cause was the ideological differences inside the country as it was evenly split between the leftist and rightist ideologies. The Nationalist were a fascist party and the Republicans were on the socialist side of the war in Spain. These more complex causes were as much a part of the start of the war than the others because of the instability that they caused. The Roman Catholic Church and the Monarchy were at the time and had been in control of Spain for centuries. The Monarchy believed that God chose the rules of the Spanish Kingdom; this created a close bond between the clergy of the church and the
