The Role of the Fundamental Attribution Error on the Judgement of IQ.
Title: The Role of the Fundamental Attribution Error on the Judgement of IQ. Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the theory of the fundamental attribution error on a sample of Middlesex University undergraduate psychology students. Introduction Fundamental attribution error is part of social psychology which was developed out of the theoretical models of Fritz Heider, Edward E. Jones, Lee Ross and Harold Kelly. Attribution theory is concerned with the ways in which people explain or attribute the behavior of others. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their motivation. Heider proposed that what people perceived and believed about what they saw dictated how they would act, even if their beliefs about what they perceived were invalid. Underestimating the influence of situational factors on people's behaviour is known as the fundamental attribution error. Based on an earlier theory developed by Edward E. Jones and Keith Davis, Jones and Victor Harris hypothesized that when people saw others behave according to free will, they would attribute the behaviour to disposition. When they could tell that others behaved according to the circumstances of chance, however, observers would attribute the behaviour to the situation. Jones and Harris (1967) conducted an experiment, which aimed to illustrate
Does language play roles of equal importance in different areas of knowledge?
Does language plays roles of equal importance in different areas of knowledge? We are able to distinguish four most well-known ways to acquire knowledge. It is either through the reasoning, perception, emotions or language. All the areas are important in the unique way. However, we would not be able to acquire any knowledge and pass it without the use of language. We would not know emotions of other people or even our own due to the fact that we would not how to define them. Besides, the ability of reasoning would be narrowed drastically. In different sources we can find many definitions for the word “language” and all of them vary a bit but the main point is that language, spoken or written, is a mean of communication. It is a unique feature for humans as only animals who can make use of such complex means communication. Our ancestors used a intercommunication consisted of limited vocal sounds which were dependent on environmental stimulus. Nowadays, the language evolved and transformed in a genious tool that allows people to exchange their ideas, express their feelings, fears and dreams and also to discuss the everyday life matters. It gives us, human beings, the ability to be the independent and open-minded by broadening the horizons of our minds. In this essay I will show that the language does play roles of equal importance in different areas of knowing,
Using paperclips to experiment the effects of the strength of a magnet
-1- Jack Mariner Physics Coursework Using paperclips to experiment the effects of the strength of a magnet Introduction I am going to carry out an experiment, which involves different amounts of coils wrapped around a magnet (forming, with the aid of electricity from a power pack, an electromagnet). The purpose being to establish the relationship between the number of coils and the amount of paper clips picked up. Originally the idea was to count the clips that the electromagnet picked up, but this proved too time consuming. Because of this, we decided to weigh the clips that had been attracted instead. Research Magnetism Certain materials exert invisible forces, similar to electric forces. A magnet will attract objects made of iron, and a few other metals. I am using paperclips, which are made out of iron. Magnetism from electricity A connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered (accidentally) by Orsted over 100 years ago, who noticed that a compass needle is deflected when brought into the vicinity of a current carrying wire. Thus, currents induce in their vicinity magnetic fields. An electromagnet is simply a coil of wires which; when a current is passed through, generate a magnetic field. Electromagnet An electromagnet can also be called a Solenoid. An electromagnet can consist of just one wire, but usually an electromagnet is made up of
Investigating the effect of sugar solutions on the size of potato chips.
GCSE Biology Coursework:- Investigating the effect of sugar solutions on the size of potato chips Plan: I will be investigating the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size. Hypothesis: Osmosis is a net movement of water molecules (or other solution molecules) from a region of high concentration to an area of lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane. This will take place until the area of the molecules reaches a state of equilibrium, which is where the molecules are evenly distributed. From this information, I think that the lower the concentration of sugar in the solution, the lower the mass of the potato would be. This is because the water molecules in the solution would be able to diffuse into the potato chips, however the sugar molecules are too large to pass through the partially permeable membrane of the potato chips. In order to maintain an accurate investigation, I must maintain the same variables for all investigations. They are: * The size and weight of the potato chips. * The same temperature * Duration of experiment *Solution volume However, the only variable I would change in order to obtain results, is the concentration of sugar solution Equipment List: * 1 Racks * 6 Test tubes * Molar Sucrose and distilled water * Potato
Determination of the water potential of potato tissue by a gravimetric method.
Determination of the water potential of potato tissue by a gravimetric method. . Explain the theory behind the experiment. Water potential, w, is a measure of the ability of water molecules to move from one region to another. The more water molecules there are per volume of the cell the more likely that by random movement they will collide with the cell's plasma membrane, and travel out of it. Pure water has a w of 0. As all solutions have less water molecules per volume than pure water they have a lower w; therefore all solutions have negative water potentials. The net movement of water molecules is always from a region of high water potential to one of lower water potential, they move down a water potential gradient until equilibrium is reached it will be reached when the water potentials on both sides of the plasma membrane are the same. When the potato is placed in water or a hypotonic solution its cells will swell, although they will not burst due to the cell wall, as water molecules enter the cell down a water potential gradient. The cells become turgid, with the protoplast pushed up against the cell wall, therefore gaining in length and mass. When the potato is immersed in a hypertonic solution the protoplast shrinks and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall. The cell wall is freely permeable and the plasma membrane, partially. Therefore the space
The effect of bead size on the activity of immobilised Yeast enzymes.
The effect of bead size on the activity of immobilised Yeast enzymes. Introduction; Enzymes serve as biological catalysts and as a result increase the number of reactions occurring within in a set period of time. To a similar effect yeast can be used to increase the rate of a reaction. It is possible to immobilise yeast using a solution such as Sodium alginate. This allows several usage's from the same enzyme batch and it also increases it's own stability. This technique is often seen in use in industry, one example of this is that seen in the textile industry. Yeast uses Sucrose as a form of energy, and can then hydrolyse it internally and brings out its constituent monosacharides. Using this, it is possible to investigate whether the size of the yeast beads affects the reaction, which takes place. In theory, the greater the surface area of the beads, the slower the rate of reaction as less of the Yeast selectively permeable membrane are outward facing in order to further the reaction. Consequently the smaller the bead the faster the Sucrose is Hydrolysed yielding more of it's constituent monosacharides. This idea is simply measurable, as it is possible to strain the sucrose through the beads, and test this residue for the presence of Glucose with test strips to collate the amount of Glucose. Sucrose is a disaccharide, consisting of one alpha-Glucose and one Beta-Fructose
Assess the usefulness of feminist contributions to our understanding of society today
Assess the usefulness of feminist contributions to our understanding of society today (33 marks) Feminism is a conflict theory that sees religion as an instrument of patriarchy - a set of beliefs and practices responsible for women's subordination. There are different types of feminism and the types I will be evaluating in this essay are Liberal, Radical, Marxist and Difference/poststructuralist feminist. Feminists criticise mainstream sociology for being 'malestream'. By contrast, feminists examine society from the viewpoint of women, they see their work as part of the struggle against women's subordination. However, although all feminists oppose women's subordination, there are disagreements among feminist's theories about its causes and how to overcome them. Liberal feminist are concerned with the human and civil rights and freedoms of the individual, they believe that all human beings should have equal rights. In liberal feminism, the concept of society changing itself to adapt to women does not occur. Liberal feminists insist that all that is needed to change the status of women is to change existing laws that are unfavourable for women and that will open up more opportunities for women to prove themselves as equal to the opposite sex. Oakley (1972) distinguishes between sex and gender. She claims sex differences are seen as fixed and gender differences vary between
Outline the Causes and course of the Irish Famine of 1845-51.
Outline the Causes and course of the Irish Famine of 1845-51. Briefly comment on its subsequent impact in Ireland and people of Irish descent.] The Irish Famine, although a pivotal event in the development of modern Ireland, was for decades marginalised or ignored by Irish historians. Between 1846 and 1851 more than a million Irish people, the famine emigrants, sailed to America. At the same time, the Irish potato famine claimed a million lives. Thus the famine had a huge impact on Ireland and it's people. "The famine of 1845-9 is a major dividing-line in the history of modem Ireland. Politically, economically and socially, the period that followed it appears sharply distinct from the period that preceded it." - JC Beckett, The Making of Modern Ireland, Queen's University. There are various reasons for the cause of the Irish famine - many historians have summed up the Great Famine's cause as "Nature caused the potato blight. The British government caused the famine", which can be supported through the policies that the British government maintained towards the Irish population during the famine years. This is a very anti-British view which many, such as Catholics, agree with. Through the Act of Union in 1800, Ireland had supposedly emerged as a sister nation of England and was to be treated as such but during the Famine and even prior to the famine, Ireland was still
General Structure of Comedy with reference to the Importance of Being Earnest
General Structure of Comedy: * Things start out badly and end well * The deeper aim is broadly social: the kingdom or other city space is at first badly ruled or in turmoil for some reason--perhaps the values and institutions of the citizens and/or rulers are in need of some re-examination. * Next, the main characters leave (willingly or otherwise) the city setting and wind up in the countryside, in a pastoral setting. This setting allows for the necessary re-examination of values and social roles. * Magical transformations of characters occur; they are put in situations that could not occur in the city or the kingdom; the forest or countryside's magic opens up new possibilities to them. * After this reappraisal and readjustment period has been completed, the main characters come together--the young by marriage, the foundational institution of the civil order and its only hope for regeneration. * Finally, the characters return to the "kingdom" proper or are about to return when the play ends. Comedy of Manners: This kind of comedy is the one that best describes The Importance of Being Earnest. English comedies deal with "the relations and intrigues of men and women living in a polished and sophisticated society, relying for comic effect in great part on the wit and sparkle of the dialogue--often in the form of repartee, a witty conversational give-and-take which
The aim of this investigation is to determine the concentration of Limewater.
Orehra Mahmood- Limewater practical. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to determine the concentration of Limewater. Plan: I am required to find the concentration of a sample of Limewater solution in g dm3 Ii is vital for me to design my own experiment and choose a range of appropriate equipment and apparatus. I am provided with 250 cm3 of Limewater, which has been made such that it contains approximately 1g dm3 of calcium hydroxide. Also available is hydrochloric acid, which has a concentration of 2.00 mole dm3, however this concentration is too much though, so it is necessary to dilute it to an appropriate diluted volume. The indicator will be supplied to me-, which is known as methyl orange. Slaked lime dissolved in water is called Limewater. Calcium oxide reacts violently with water to produce calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) Addition of further water to Calcium hydroxide produces the saturated aqueous solution known as Limewater. In order for me to establish the concentration of the Limewater it is necessary to react the Hydrochloric acid with the Limewater. For the experiment to be accurate and reliable it will be necessary to dilute the Hydrochloric acid significantly. It is in my belief that a concentration of 0.1mol dm3 would enable me to achieve reliable results. This would require a dilution factor of twenty. I will be making 500 cm3 of
