Discuss ethical issues relating to two or more psychological investigations that have involved human participants.
Lilly Wong Discuss ethical issues relating to two or more psychological investigations that have involved human participants. The main ethnical issue in psychological investigations is weighing the rights of participants against the knowledge gained from the research. This dilemma is particularly difficult when the investigation causes distress to the participants. In order to resolve such a dilemma in the most appropriate way, psychologists would refer to ethnical guidelines issued by professional bodies. Zimbardo conducted a field experiment to investigate how people would adapt their behaviour to conform to the roles they had been asked to take on. Passive deception was used in this study, as the participants were not aware that they would be arrested at home, in order to make the study more realistic. However, Zimbardo argued that all his participants had signed a formal informed consent form, which indicated that there would be an invasion of privacy, loss of civil rights and harassment. In this study, some participants had to been released because of acute emotional distress. Zimbardo conducted a pilot study and found out the 'guards' became too involved in their powerful role and was behaving aggressively towards the 'prisoners'. In his field experiment no attempt was made to protect the 'prisoners' from mental and physical harm. However, he did stop the
Classical or Positive School? Distinguishing Between Governing Principles of Law.
Classical or Positive School? Distinguishing Between Governing Principles of Law November 25, 2003 Classical or Positive School? Distinguishing Between Governing Principles of Law Law, as we know it today, is the summation of primary principles from the past and present. Early law practices, known as Classical School principles, have laid the foundation for today's society. However, the present day system is no longer referred to as "classical." Over time, criminologists have altered, improved, and molded early ideas into a more practical and complete model. This refined version has come to be known as the Positive School. This transformation from classical vision to positivist vision in law has occurred due to changing views about "mankind" by influential people within the law system. The classical interpretation of mankind was one of 'rationality'; the expectation existed that he would act in a manner that would avoid punishment (Sacco & Kennedy, 2002). Influential classical figures including people such as Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham viewed humans as hedonistic1. With time however, people like Cesare Lombroso began to question this rational view of man and proposed an alternate assumption behind the questions that surrounded criminal behavior. Lombroso along with others preached that human behavior was determined by inherent qualities, which influenced
Legal Environment Of Business: Retaining Counsel Exercise
Retaining Counsel Exercise Brenda Allison Legal Environment Of Business (LAW 529) Charles Spain March 31, 2003 Retaining Counsel Exercise The first step our team took in looking for an outside lawyer to review the subcontract for our Cincinnati based company was locating a credible law firm. After searching the Internet, we decided on the Ulmer & Berne law firm. "Corporate attorneys Jacob 'Yank' Ulmer and Joseph Berne founded this law firm in 1908. Their goal was to remain dedicated to their customer's success" (Ulmer.com, 2003). We chose this Ohio based law firm due to their well-known reputation of honesty and integrity. Ulmer & Berne is one of the largest law firms in the state of Ohio. "They strive to maintain a culture that emphasizes value even as they anticipate and embrace the changes, technological and otherwise, which allow them to serve their clients efficiently and with excellence" (Ulmer.com, 2003). The second step our team took was choosing a lawyer from the Ulmer & Berne law firm. We decided that we needed lawyers who specialize in manufacturing contracts. We reviewed the credentials of several attorneys. We looked at each attorney's background and success rate with contract litigation and narrowed our choices to two attorneys employed with Ulmer & Berne. Our first candidate was Jennifer Bouchard who works at the Ulmer & Berne Cincinnati offices.
Compare and contrast the extent to which the Cabinet has an important part to play in the respective Executives of the UK and USA.
2002 C) Compare and contrast the extent to which the Cabinet has an important part to play in the respective Executives of the UK and USA. The extent to which the Cabinet has an important part to play in the executives of the UK and USA can be assessed by looking at what is suppose to be the case in theory of the role of the Cabinet's within the Executives and what they actually are in practices. In the UK the entire Cabinet is collectively suppose to make decisions and decide on policy. The Prime Minister originally was the Chair of Cabinet meetings, and 'Primus Inter Pares', meaning first among equals. Many will argue however that this is not the case in practice as the PM in recent decades has developed a 'Presidential style' of governing, and a singular executive, similar to that of the President of the United States. The President of the U.S. has 'ministers' to advise him, in other words a Cabinet, however he is suppose to over see everything and make decisions, and policy by himself/herself. The fact that the Cabinet in the UK is drawn from the legislature means that it has a major role to play in the legislature, not least in the organisation of legislation. The PM however some would claim has been seen to override the rights of the Cabinet and thus lower the importance of the Cabinet while making decisions on legislation and policy in recent years. This was seen
The Stanford prison experiment was a psychological study of the human response to captivity, in particular, to the real world circumstances of prison life. It was conducted in 1971 by psychologist Phillip Zimbardo and his colleagues in Stanford university
Standard Coursework Cover Sheet Section A Please complete ALL parts Module Code Module Title Course Title CW1 CW2 CW3 CW4 Module Instructor Student ID Number Section B Please read the statement, and sign the declaration Plagiarism - work presented in an assessment must be the student's own. Plagiarism is where a student copies from another source, published or unpublished (including work of a fellow student) and fails to acknowledge the influence of another's work or to attribute quotes to the author. Plagiarism in an assessment offence (see actions Section 11: Regulations of the Student Course Handbook, pp. 78-81). Student Declaration: "I declare that the work submitted is my own" Section C Tutor's Comments The Stanford prison experiment was a psychological study of the human response to captivity, in particular, to the real world circumstances of prison life. It was conducted in 1971 by psychologist Phillip Zimbardo and his colleagues in Stanford university. The question the researchers asked was how would the participants react when placed in a simulated prison environment. They set out to do this by placing advertisements in a local newspaper, stating that male college students would be needed for a study of prison life, paying fifteen dollars per day for one to two weeks ( Shuffleworth, 2008). Researchers
Outline_the_qualifications
Outline the qualifications, selection and training of different types of judges Even though most judges' deal with similar cases and do related jobs, many have different qualifications and have done different trainings schemes. There are nine different types of judges: * Lord Chancellor * Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Law Lords) * Lord Justices of Appeal * Master of the Rolls * Lord Chief Justice * High Court Judges * Circuit Judges * District Judges * Recorders Many law persons believe that the selection of judges in England and Wales to be very discriminating. Judges are usually white elderly males, therefore this is selective against both females and law professionals whom are not English but of an ethnic origin. However, this is not the only point that is biased against women, as there are only six High Court women Judges, and out of 540 Circuit Judges, only 29 are female. In addition, when a survey was taken in 1999 it was proven that 80% of judges were either Oxford of Cambridge educated, again making it harder for others to be selected for the position of a judge. Therefore, overall to become a judge you must have had at least 7 years of experience be a British male and have been educated at either Oxford or Cambridge to be selected as a Judge. When Barristers or Solicitors first become judges, they must have initial training by the Judicial Studies Board;
In 1944/1945 J.B Priestly, who a was patriotic socialist wrote 'An Inspector Calls'. The play focuses on moral and political messages not just the ordinary characters and storyline. The play is set in 1912, before the First World War.
In 1944/1945 J.B Priestly, who a was patriotic socialist wrote 'An Inspector Calls'. The play focuses on moral and political messages not just the ordinary characters and storyline. The play is set in 1912, before the First World War. Priestly wanted to show how unfair and just society depended upon compassion and responsibility for others. Priestly's main concern was the need for social change. 'An Inspector Calls' is a murder mystery of a who done it. In 'An Inspector Calls' the inspector wants to teach the Birling's to always help someone in need and to show them that they were responsible for helping Eva Smith's suicide. In The Beginning of the play there is a lot of dramatic irony taking place between Mr. Birling and the audience. The dramatic irony makes the audience look differently towards Mr. Birling. Mr. Birling says "I say there isn't a chance of war" then he says "The world's developing so fast that it'll make was impossible". He also goes on to say that the Titanic is "Unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable." This makes the audience feel they cannot trust Mr. birling or his judgement because they know that 2 World Wars did happen and that the Titanic did sink. Thus creating dramatic irony. The significance of the lighting at the start of the play is important into influencing that audience. This is because it sets the scene and the mood. In the beginning the
World War 2 broke out, Flatly seized the opportunity to single-handedly close the N&T wing, so lhat it could be utilised as a storage facility for the tonnes of shrapnel yet to be used on the front line.
World War 2 broke out, Flatly seized the opportunity to single-handedly close the N&T wing, so lhat it could be utilised as a storage facility for the tonnes of shrapnel yet to be used on the front line. Sadly, this plan backfired, the - weight of Ihe shrapnel causing the wing to crash down into the forgotten network of gold mines below. The crater was subsequently concreted over to create the tennis courts. This turned out to be a boon for the school, which went on to produce many Wimbledon champions, the names of whom are too numerous to mention here. The school was hit hard by the economic situation, with the rationing of fun crippling morale, and with alcohol in short supply the students turned to engine oil and cough mixture cocktails for refreshment. It was also during Flatly's headship that the meaning of life was rediscovered during an archaeological dig in the Classics department bookshelf, bot was near-immediately misplaced once again when its finder was tragically killed in a messy high-velocity staircase-head interface. The years following the war were as long as those that preceded it, largely consisting of a broad selection of months, weeks and days. Though these years went largely unnoticed by the general public, April 1 1956 saw a localised rain of frogs over I (ford County High, the day on which, in an event which has never been proven to be related,
What effects did Soviet policy in Eastern Europe, 1945- 1948, have on relations between the Superpowers?
What effects did Soviet policy in Eastern Europe, 1945- 1948, have on relations between the Superpowers? Between 1945 and 1948 Stalin tried his best to ensure that Communist governments came to power in all the countries of Eastern Europe. Communists shared power with other parties in coalition governments in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. However Stalin was not prepared for the USSR to share power, as by 1948 all the states in Eastern Europe had communist governments and communists took full control of the governments in Poland, Hungary and Romania. This wasn't so difficult for Stalin to do as the Red Army who worked for the USSR, freed much of Eastern Europe from the Nazis, and they just remained in the countries and occupied them as they established a communist government. They took over the civil services; media, security and opposition leaders were forced to flee or were arrested. This was not very fair on the citizens, but they did not have a choice. In all states the Communist leaders had to take their instructions from Stalin in Moscow though. Stalin was invading countries rather than helping them, which caused tension between the superpowers. The land of the states should have been distributed and as the USSR was converting many governments into communist governments Truman was extremely annoyed as he was a strong anti-communist. Stalin mainly
What effect did Von Papen have on Hitlers' rise to power?
In 1932, Germany was in dire straits as unemployment and the depression continued to affect Germany despite the effects of Chancellor Bruning. This situation got so bad in the Reichstag that Bruning no longer controlled a majority and thus was dependant on President Hindenburg using Article 48 and other decrees to pass laws. After advice from a number of advisors, including General Schleicher, Hindenburg removed Bruning and replaced him with Von Papen. Papen was the leader of the centre party but had very little support in the Reichstag - only 68 supporters. In the end, the Reichstag held a vote of no confidence in him, which passed 512 to 42. Only two parties supported Papen, and neither of these held any significant power. He hoped to counter this by holding elections but after two elections and a declining number of supporters, the Nazis received their most ever votes and claimed 230 seats. Support in Papen was declining even further. Because of this majority, Hitler demanded the post from Papen. However Hindenburg, who disliked Hitler, vetoed the request on grounds that the Nazis were too militaristic to be granted power. Hindenburg privately feared Hitler as this point as he was aware Hitler was gaining more support from the public. Hindenburg requested that Papen continued as chancellor, but when an election in November 1952 won the centre party even fewer seats,
