Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
Sodium Thiosulphate Coursework Introduction I have been asked to investigate the effects different factors such as concentration and temperature have on the rate of reaction The rate of reaction is the loss rate of a reactant or the rate of creation of a product during a chemical reaction and it can be measured by dividing one by the time taken for the reaction be completed. Collision Theory states that an increase in concentration, temperature, surface area and the use of a catalyst in a reaction will either increase the rate of reaction by increasing the rate of collision between reactant particles, increase the success rate of collisions between the reactants or both of these reactions, there is also another factor which effects the rate of reaction, but is only applicable in gasses, that factor being pressure. I have chosen to investigate the effects of Concentration on rate of reaction, as it is the most accurately achievable while still challenging factor to change. Method: Equipment- x conical flask 2x 50ml measuring cylinder x 10ml measuring cylinder x pipette Sodium Thiosulphate Hydrochloric acid Water Stop clock Safety goggles Plain paper with a black cross on it. Add 10ml of HCL to a conical flask, by All procedures will be undertaken with safety goggles on. After assembling all of the equipment I will pour as close to 10 ml of hydrochloric acid
Is Cloning Ethical?
Is Cloning Ethical? For the past few years the political and ethical argument for and against the process of cloning has been raging. So is cloning really unethical? Is it against human rights? Before we decide this we must first understand exactly what cloning is. Cloning can be done using a few different processes, which will be later mentioned. It is the creation of an embryo which is a genetically identical copy of another human (1). There are three main types of cloning. The first is known as Embryo Cloning. This is a technique, the same as the natural process of making identical twins or triplets, where cells are taken from a fertilised egg and encouraged to develop into twins or triplets with identical DNA (2). The second is known as Reproductive or Adult DNA Cloning. This method is used to produce an animal with identical DNA to an existing animal. DNA from an ovum is removed and is replaced by DNA from an adult animal cell. It is then implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother and develops into an animal. This kind of cloning is illegal in many countries as, based on studies performed on animals, it could cause genetic defects. It is considered by many to be unethical and dangerous, however Dr Severino Aninori claims to have used this procedure to initiate pregnancy (2) Biomedical Cloning, better known as Therapeutic cloning is the third process. In the
Shylock - Victim or Villain?
Shylock Victim or Villain? By Pritesh Dave 10M The Merchant of Venice is a very racially controversial play. This is because the plays main story is about racism towards Jews. In the days of Shakespeare, many of the people were anti-Semitic. The Jews were just starting to migrate to England and the racism towards them was motivated by their success. The Christians believed that the Jews were "aliens" and they shouldn't be involved in the Christian was of life. Also, the Jews in Britain were extremely successful, some more than the Christians. They were allowed to lend money and charge interest, as it was not forbidden by the Jewish religion like it is for Christianity. During the 16th Century, many plays were written which involved Jews. The Jews played a "stock character". They were normally villains or a comic character. The Christians who would play the Jews in the play would dress up in traditional Jewish costume and would speak in an exaggerated accent. This would instantly indicate that this character was the villain or the comic character. The audience would boo and jeer at this character. At the end of his play this character would be made a fool out of and would lose most or everything important to him/her. For example, the Jew would die, the Jew would lose his daughter or wife, he would have his money and land taken or he would be forced to change religion. They
Narrative essay 1
Tanvi Dattani 0C Narrative Essay - Life changing fire The well sparkled in the moonlight. The bucket was heavy, but that compensated for the hard and tiring work I had done in the factory. The water was cool on my lips which was contradicted the heat in the shack. I closed my eyes, and heaved a sigh. Sheila once told me how she dreamed of one day going to Mumbai to go to study and making her parents proud. She always wondered if her parents were alive, they would be proud of her or not. This thought never left my mind. At the end of the bucket, the magical moment of freedom will be lost and back in the shack again. 'BOOOOOOMM!' the peace of the night was broken, pandemonium, pieces flying everywhere. The grandiose flames rose up, lay a beast within the earth, accompanied by an aura of smoke. Before I knew it the smoke encompassed me, like a tornado. I couldn't see, I couldn't breathe, I ran, ran far away, ran away from this lunacy. Running, running for my life but then I stopped. Sheila! My fear had vanished. I lost all sensation. I froze. I turned and ran towards the scorching conflagration. I ran towards the ferocious beast of fire and grime. Sheila, Sheila, Sheila. That was the only thought in my mind. The deafening noise of crackers, which was the only thing I could hear, seemed to roar in my ear. The fire stood like an unbreakable wall between Sheila and me. I
She dwelt among the untrodden ways-Analysis
She dwelt among the untrodden ways -By William Wordsworth In the elegiac poem "She dwelt among the untrodden ways", by William Wordsworth, a sense of loss and grief is conveyed as the personal feelings of the poet are described to us. We are told throughout the poem of the poet's deep love for an unmarried woman named 'Lucy'. We are also told that she is unnoticed by all others, but him. The poet describes to us where Lucy 'dwelt', her beauty, his love for her and her 'death' in this poem. In the first stanza we are told that Lucy dwelt among the 'untrodden ways besides the springs of Dove'. This implies many meanings. Literally, it refers to where she lived. The phrase 'beside the springs of Dove' gives us an image of a fairly remote area, away from the city, closer to nature. It also tells us that she lived in isolation and solitude. The reason for this however is not clear; maybe she chose to live there or was forced by some circumstances to do so. Metaphorically, it could be referring to the deeper aspects of her life, such as what she did or who she was. The use of the word 'untrodden' tells us that she did not presume a 'normal' lifestyle, or she chose to do something that was not accepted by society. To be precise, we can say that she chose an 'extraordinary' or 'unique' way of life which could be called 'eccentric' by some. If we look closely at the sounds in the
Spanish Coursework
Spanish Coursework El año pasado fui a Barcelona con mi familia. Barcelona es la capital de Cataluña y está situada en la costa, rodeada por la sierra de Collserolla, al norte y los ríos Besós al este y Llobregat al oeste, y a menos de 150 kilómetros de los Pirineos. Viajamos en avión con "British Airways". El viaje duró dos horas, era bastante rápido. Salimos de Gatwick a las 6:30 de la manaña. Llegamos a las 8:30 en Barcelona aeropuerto. Los asientos eran muy cómodos y tuve mucho espacio. Así como todo la comida de avión estuvo ¡estupendo! Fui con mi familia, mi madre, padre, mi hermano, mi hermana y la amiga de mi hermana, Sarah. Pasamos 14 días en "el hotel de Barcelona". Reservamos cinco habitaciones dobles con ducha. Las habitaciones eran espaciosas, con televisión y vistas al mar. Las habitaciones eran color diferente según la persona en la habitación. Mi habitación era verde. El hotel era muy bonito. Generalmente hizo buen tiempo. Por la mayoría de las vacaciones hizo mucho calor y mucho sol, creo que porque no hizo viento. Pero en la noche siempre no estaba nublado y hizo bastante frió. A veces, llovió y cuándo llovió, ¡llovió! Barcelona es conocida en todo el mundo como una ciudad cultural, con un importante patrimonio y una oferta permanente y dinámica. La ciudad ofrece innumerables posibilidades para disfrutar del tiempo libre.
Specialised Cells
With the aid of annotated diagrams, discuss the relationship between the structure and function in four specialised human cells. By Mark Cannan. Within the human body the cell is the smallest living organism, it is a microscopic package that contains lots of different organelles that are necessary to survive such as mitochondria, nucleus, Golgi body, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, cytoplasm just to name a few. Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke, an English philosopher in 1665 and from there, a cell theory was formed. Through the improvement and development of microscopic technologies, cells were looked at even closer and separated into two categories, prokaryotic (bacteria) cells and eukaryotic (animal) cells. There are over two hundred different types (in all shapes and sizes) and it is estimated that there are over 50 trillion cells in the human body. Cells reproduce all the time through mitosis to replace damaged or dead cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simplified_spermatozoon_diagram.svg (Accessed 30/10/09) The picture above is an illustrated diagram of a spermatozoon cell, otherwise known as a sperm, which is the male reproductive cell. Starting from puberty and leading through to old age, the testes will produce over a thousand sperm cells every second. The sperm goes through a process called spermatogenesis; this is
Outline and Evaluate Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Outline and Evaluate Bowlby's Evolutionary Theory of Attachment Bowlby's theory is an evolutionary theory becuase he believes attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival and reproductive value. Caregiving is adaptive because species have adapted over many years to enhanse survival of the offspring so they can later reproduce. Bowlby's theory is made up of many different ideas. According to Bowlby, children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver. This is similar to that of imprinting which is an innate readiness to develop a strong bond with the mother figure which takes place during the sensitive period. Since attachment is innate there is likely to be a limited window for development. This is said to be when a child is 3-6 months when a child is most sensitive to an attachemnt. After this stage attachment can become more difficult. The internal working model is a cluster of concepts about relationships and what to expect from others. In the short term it gives the child and insight into the caregivers behaviour. In the long term it acts as a template for future relationships as it generates expectations. This is similar to the continuity hypothesis and the idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting and confident adults. Social releases elicit caregiving such as smiling, crying, looking cute
Outline and evaluate research into obedience
________________ Outline and evaluate research into obedience (12 marks) Obedience is complying with an order from another person to carry out an action. Many studies have been conducted into looking at obedience in people and what factors in a situation lead people to obey. Milgram (63) conducted a study to find out whether ordinary Americans would obey an unjust order from a person in authority to inflict pain on another person. Milgram gained a volunteer sample of 40 males from a range of backgrounds who were each paid $4.50 and were deceived into thinking they were giving electric shocks. The participants were told the study concerned the role of punishment in learning. The participant had the role of a teacher and a confederate played the learner. He had to memorize pairs of words. The teachers role was to administer a shock every time the learner made a mistake. The teacher had 30 levers each indicated the level of shock to be given. The participant watched the confederate being strapped into the electric chair. The learner began to answer correctly but then made mistakes. Shocks started at 15 volts and rose in 15 volt increments up to 450 volts. The researchers encouraged the teachers to give the shock when they hesitated. However no shocks were actually administered. The experiment continued until either the teacher refused to move on or 450 volts were reached and
Outline and Evaluate the Multi Store Model of Memory.
'Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory' 12 Marks Created by Atkinson and Shriffin in 1968, the multi-store model proposes that memory consists of three 'stores'. Information from around us (sensory input) initially goes into the sensory memory store. A lot of what goes into the sensory memory store we don't even realise: things we see around us, sights, smells, everyday things. But, if you pay attention to these details, they will go into your short-term memory store. This short term memory store only has a limited capacity (the amount of information it can take) and duration (the length of time it can hold this information for), which means that either it is lost, or it is transferred into the long-term memory store. In order to do this, we need to rehearse it, for example, when you revise for exams, you go over things again and again, in order to store the information in your long-term memory, and remember it in the future. However, in everyday life, remembering things such as a particular smell isn't something which you need to do repeatedly in order to remember it, which suggests that the model lacks mundane realism. In day to day life, we don't spend time rehearsing information, which begs the question; does information have to pass through your short term memory store and then be rehearsed to reach your long term memory store? Furthermore, this model
