Kennedy handled the Cuban Missile Crisis better than Khrushchev did. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (10 marks)
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Wednesday 20th April 2016 0 Mark Question: The Cuban Missile Crisis ‘Kennedy handled the Cuban Missile Crisis better than Khrushchev did.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (10 marks) The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union because of Soviet nuclear missile deployment in Cuba. The leaders of both nations handled the crisis with varying degrees of success. In some ways, the American leader Kennedy can be seen to have handled the crisis better than Soviet leader Khrushchev. Kennedy was immediately seen by world opinion as the ‘victor’ in the Cuban missile crisis; he had stood up to the Soviets by enforcing the blockade and they had backed down by turning their ships around. On 28th October 1962, the missile sites then began to be dismantled. America had felt vulnerable with the Soviets having missiles based on a country within striking distance of many major cities, and thus the removal made the country feel safer. Part of the agreement also included the removal of American missiles from Turkey, however this was a secret to the public, and therefore can be seen as a success. Kennedy had also successfully stood up to some of his military advisors who wanted to invade Cuba. This could have caused nuclear conflict which would have had devastating world
The main cause of the war in Korea was the US containment policy. Discuss.
Causes of the Korean war 16 marker 4. Though it was a significant cause, the division of Korea was not the main cause of the war in Korea. Instead, the main cause of the war in Korea was the US containment policy. One significant cause of the war in Korea was the division of Korea, because Korea was split into North Korea and South Korea along the 38th parallel. This is because the communist North was supported by the USSR and the anti-communist South was supported by the US: both sides were very nationalistic, but had very differing ideologies. This caused hostilities between the sides, showing how the division of Korea was an important cause of the Korean War. Korea had been ruled by Japan until 1945, but after WW2 the North was freed by Soviet troops and the South by US troops. In addition to this, as Cold War tensions built, the USA was worried about the USSR moving south into the area they had occupied and making the whole of Korea communist. This is what led to Korea being divided. The US suggested the division along the 38th parallel, and the USSR agreed, probably due to fear of the USA’s atomic bomb, as the USSR did not yet have access to atomic weaponry. It could be argued that this was a cause of the war because the division was only meant to be temporary: at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers in December 1945 the superpowers agreed to create a
Cuban missile crisis.
Cuban Missile Crisis Coursework . What can you learn from this source about President Kennedy's reaction to the photographs taken by the U-2 spy plane? This source tells us a good deal about Kennedy's reaction to the photographs, firstly because of the obvious urgency and importance of the photographs, as Kennedy calls his brother and adviser Robert at the earliest time possible, and requests his personal presence. This in itself demonstrates how important Kennedy believes the matter to be. Kennedy is obviously nervous about the situation, and was feeling extremely vulnerable as the missiles were so close (on Cuba) to the USA - 'he said that we were facing great trouble.' This shows how serious he believed the situation to be. He was also convinced that the Soviet Union was behind the missiles, and shows an obvious resentment and paranoia of the Russians. Kennedy is sure that something is going on; 'he was convinced that Russia was placing missiles and atomic weapons on Cuba.' He wants to resolve the situation as soon as possible and wants to start formulating a plan as soon as he can. This is why he calls his adviser so early. 2. Use the sources, and your own knowledge to explain why Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba. Source B is a map showing the area of the crisis, the range of the missiles, the position of the blockade, and other details. It highlights a reason why
Examine the view that the nuclear family did not exist in Britain before industrialisation
Examine the view that the nuclear family did not exist in Britain before industrialisation Parsons (1955) a functionalist, argued that the nuclear family did not in Britain before industrialisation. Parsons argued that the pre-industrial families were primarily based on a extended kinship network. The extended family was responsible for the production of food, clothing and shelter for its members, this meant that the extended family lived and worked together, and that the roles within this family were a product of ascription rather than achievement. Members of the family rarely left home to work or live, and hardly ever rejected the roles and status given to them, this was probably because obligation and commitment to the family and community were the key values in pre-industrial times. Parsons believed that the pre-industrial extended family had 4 main functions. The extended family were responsible for providing there members with the skills and education needed to perform in the family workforce, healthcare for its members, welfare for the elderly and disabled and finally, justice and discipline for any wronged family member. Parsons believed that with the Industrial revolution many changes were made, and the extended family was replaced with the new nuclear family unit was formed. Industrialisation demanded a more geographical mobile workforce and people began to
Explain why relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia changed in the later 1960s
Explain why relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia changed in the later 1960’s On the 20th of August 1968, troops and tanks from the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw pact invaded Czechoslovakia. This brought an immediate change in relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia and was due to increasing opposition to communism within Czechoslovakia, leading to reforms under Dubcek, and the reactions of Moscow to these reforms. The first reason for a change in relations was the growth of opposition in Czechoslovakia to Soviet control. This was due to what the Soviet Union had done in 1948, they murdered Jan Masaryk. Once Jan was killed the elections were rigged and they put Antonin Novotny in power from 1957. Antonin was very unpopular amongst the Czech’s as he was a hard-line communist who followed closely in the Soviet Union’s footsteps and wouldn’t introduce reform no matter what the Czech’s wanted. He was very slow to flow Khrushchev’s destalinization policy but he took much longer to release political prisoners who were jailed because of Stalin. This all caused more people to oppose the Soviet Union. Moreover the Soviets were concerned because: they didn't want the new ideas from Czechoslovakia to spread, Czechoslovakia was becoming closer to West Germany and industrial relations between West Germany and Czechoslovakia were
Why did relations between the USA and the Soviet Union worsen between 1948-56?
Why did relations between the USA and the Soviet Union worsen between 1948-56? The arms race between the Soviet Union and the USA was very unsteady and constantly moving. The Soviet Union were always catching up with the USA on the weapons that they had, until the end when they were either in the lead or were ahead of the USA. The arms race started with the USA detonating the first atomic bomb in 1945 on Hiroshima as a result of Japan bombing Pearl Harbour. The Soviet Union equalled out the arms race when they detonated their first atomic bomb in 1949 (4 years ahead of predicted). After that America went back in being in the lead by revealing their own Hydrogen Bomb. Their lead was short as the Russian scientists managed to develop a Hydrogen Bomb as well. As the Hydrogen Bomb was so big there was no way for the Bomb to be put onto a plane and dropped from above the target, this was until the USA developed a plane especially made for carrying Hydrogen Bombs in 1954. Later in the year the Soviet Union developed their own Hydrogen Bomb Bomber. Yet again the USA takes the lead with a spy plane which monitors the evolution of the Soviet Union’s weapons. From 1957 and onwards the arms race is mostly in the Soviet Union beating the USA and they start of by building the first ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) which can travel well into the USA. The Soviet Union then
How far has the USA role in world affairs developed from 1929 to 2000?
Alvin Nelson History Mr Englefield How far has the USA’s role in world affairs developed since 1929? America had adopted a policy of isolationism following the events of WW1, stating openly that the US wanted to stay out of world affairs. They believed that they were geographically isolated – sufficiently protected from potential enemies by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They wanted to avoid sending US soldiers on another ‘death march’ and instead focus on US economic problems such as the Depression. They managed to keep their role in world affairs to a minimum by not joining the League of Nations and passing a series of Neutrality Acts after 1935 which made them neutral. However, they did not suppress their role in world affairs completely. They were still involved in foreign affairs – they loaned money to Europe to help them recover after WW1 and they signed the Kellog-Briand Pact in 1928 which renounced war as a means of settling disputes. America’s role in world affairs was minimal – they stayed out of the League of Nations but they were still involved in world affairs, shown by the US investment into Europe to help it recover from WW1. America’s role in world affairs changed from isolationist when they joined WW2 in 1941, following the Japanese attack on the US naval fleet at Pearl Harbour on December 7 1941. After the attack, it became evident that
Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis a turning point in Cold War Relations?
Alvin Nelson History Mr Englefield Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis a turning point in Cold War relations? The Cuban missile crisis had relieved the tensions and possibilities of a nuclear war between the two superpowers. The USA had attempted to destroy Castro’s regime, with the April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion where 1,400 Cuban rebels attempted to invade the island. The USSR had come to the aid of Cuba, providing nuclear missiles aimed at major cities in USA. The USA ordered a naval blockade to prevent Soviet ships from transporting the missiles to Cuba. The threat of a nuclear war was apparent and eventually the two superpowers made an agreement stating the removal of the US missile sites in Turkey in exchange for the USSR missile sites in Cuba, aborting the possibility of nuclear annihilation. The two superpowers were at the brink of a nuclear holocaust but the crisis made them realise the policy of brinkmanship was dangerous so they abandoned it, which is why the crisis is viewed as a turning point. The crisis had also improved US-USSR relations. USA and the USSR were prepared to avoid a future crisis after they realised the policy of brinkmanship nearly caused a nuclear war. A telephone hotline was set up between the White House and the Kremlin to provide swift communication and in August 1963, a Test-Ban treaty was signed, outlawing the test of nuclear weapons.
What were the key features of the First Arab-Israeli War (1948/9)?
Ned Jacobs History What were the key features of the First Arab-Israeli War (1948/9)? After David Ben-Gurion announced the new state of Israel on the 14th May 1948, the Arabs had a simmering discontent towards the Jews. Tension between the two neighbouring states had been building for some time. Many Arabs were frustrated that the Jews had integrated into their country, and had begun to push them out, with their tactic of ‘Plan Dalet.’ Many conflicts had occurred along the borders, with Deir Yassin shocking the nation, in April 1948; whereby 105 Arabs civilians were killed with 35 being injured. The Arabs were outraged; therefore, King Abdullah of Transjordan announced that ‘The only way left for us is war. I will have the pleasure and honour to save Palestine.’ On the 15th May 1948, Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi-Arabia and Syria attacked the newly founded state of Israel. They were outnumbered 80 to 1, with no air force or heavy artillery. Therefore, the Jews used weapons from the British mandate which had been left, captured Arab equipment and smuggled in Czechoslovakian arms. Furthmore, the Israelis had 60,000 Haganah forces, which were well trained, by the head of the army Yigael Yadin. This enabled the Israelis to fight back, in which they began capturing vast quantities of the land. In October, the Israelis managed to take all of Galilee, and had
Who gained more from Yalta and Potsdam?
Page 59 of thick textbook: Which side gained the most from the Yalta and Potsdam conferences? Explain your answer. (10 Marks) The Yalta and Potsdam conferences in 1945 highlighted the difference in political ideologies between the Soviet Union and Britain and America. The conferences as catalysed the breakdown of the marriage of convenience that existed between the Capitalists and the Communists as well as marking the start of the Soviet's rule over Eastern Europe. The Lublin Poles' occupation of Eastern European countries gave Stalin an undeniable amount of power in addition to intimidating the Capitalists. It could be argued that Truman's success in blocking many of Stalin's policies showed the power the president had over the Red Army's leader. Truman prevented Stalin from imposing severe reparations upon Germany, which could be seen to show his influence at the conference hence making the Capitalists dominant at Potsdam. Stalin's leverage at Potsdam however, was far greater as he gained total control over Eastern Europe, this marked the start of Stalin's policy of expansionism which grew in force and area throughout the Cold War. The Lublin Poles' victory was a major political triumph over the Capitalists which proved the Soviet's influence which would be a prominent part of global history for years to come. The Americans' development of the Atomic bomb was not