Evolution, what, and any evidence is there?
Opening In this case study I will be writing about evolution and, what, if any evidence there is. I chose this topic of science because im interested in how our species came about and how it’s been changed from theory to theory, and how it’s still being challenged. This, I hope, will interest and reading group of KS4. This may or may not help them with there GCSEs and revision. After they have read my case study, I hope they will make up there own minds using the for and against evidence presented. I will also so show my own opinion at the end of the study along with a conclusion for for and against, I will also compare the sources that I present and evaluate them to see if they are backing up their claims. Arguments for. A general explanation of how scientists think it works. This is an opening and explanation of evolution from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis#The_modern_synthesis “The modern evolutionary synthesis (also referred to as the new synthesis, the modern synthesis, the evolutionary synthesis and the neo-Darwinian synthesis) is a union of ideas from several biological specialties which forms a logical account of evolution. This synthesis has been accepted by nearly all working biologists.[1] The synthesis was produced over about a decade (1936–1947), and the development of population genetics (1918–1932) was the
Cloning. Should it be banned? I will explain all the different types of cloning and I will be researching the scientists evidence behind each method and evaluating whether or not it is reliable
By Jonathan Stockdale Page 1 - Title page Page 2 - Contents Page 3 - Introduction into Cloning, and Asexual reproduction Page 4 - Asexual reproduction continued Page 5 - Asexual reproduction continued, and Religious views on cloning Page 6 - Religious views on cloning continued Throughout this investigation I am going to be looking at the arguments for and against cloning. I will explain all the different types of cloning and I will be researching the scientist's evidence behind each method and evaluating whether or not it is reliable. I will also be imputing my points of view on the points made, and this will put across the positive or negative aspects of cloning. What is a clone? Clones are genetically identical living organisms and can be produced commercially by taking cuttings. All the clones of 1 plant have the same genes and the same genetic history so therefore they have the same characteristics. There are many different types of cloning such as, asexual reproduction, commercial cloning of plants, animal cloning, and human reproduction. An insight into asexual reproduction. Plants can reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction is reproduction which does not involve meiosis, or fertilization. Only one parent is involved in asexual reproduction. A more scientific definition is Agamogenesis which refers to reproduction without the fusion of gametes. 'Asexual
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted. Discuss
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted "The tools of molecular biology have enormous potential for both good and evil. Lurking behind every genetic dream come true is a possible Brave New World nightmare" (Dudley 13). Although we all might not acknowledge it, these words hold the key to the future of mankind. The science of genetic engineering, also referred to as biotechnology, first came into the scientific realm in the 1970s. This recent technology offered a new way to manipulate an organism or a population of organisms. Researchers and scientists from around the world were thrilled at the upcoming knowledge that could answer many of their questions dealing with all aspects of genetics. The new genetic engineering technology was never meant to hurt individuals. On the contrary, it offered promises of manipulating the molecules that make up the genetics of living matter in order to benefit, even save, an individual's life. Although genetic engineering promises good fortune for the human race, many questions have been raised pertaining to issues concerning safety, necessity, and, most of all, morality of the entire enterprise. It has been shown through the years, that genetic engineering not only provides great risks to men, women, and children but also presents potential dangers to the environment. True, genetic engineering can have numerous medical advantages,
Cellular Reproduction
Cellular Reproduction Cellular Reproduction is the process by which all living things produce new organisms similar or identical to themselves. This is essential in that if a species were not able to reproduce, that species would quickly become extinct. Always, reproduction consists of a basic pattern: the conversion by a parent organism of raw materials into offspring or cells that will later develop into offspring. (Encarta, 2) In almost all animal organisms, reproduction occurs during or after the period of maximum growth. (Fichter, 16). But in Plants, which continue to grow through out their lifetime, therefore making the process more complex. Plants' reproduction is usually caused by a stimulant, mostly environmental or growth factors. The reproductive process, whether asexual or sexual always involves an exchange in hereditary material from the parent(s) so that the new organism may also be able to reproduce. Reproductive processes can be categorized in many diffrent ways although the most common is to put them into either asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is the process by which a single organism gives rise to two or more daughter cells. Most single celled organisms reproduce by the asexual process known as fission, which is commonly called mitosis. Fission (or Mitosis) is the division of one cell into two identical daughter cells.
Evaluating the risks and benefits of GM crops.
Evaluating The Risks And Benefits Of GM Crops This essay aims to define GM, evaluate the risks and benefits of it's current existence and finally I will conclude on whether I think GM crops post a greater risk or benefit to consumers and the environment. The contentious subject of GM crops never seems to leave the media spotlight long enough before entering again with claims of it's hazardous effects or the latest innovations, leaving the consumer baffled by the vast amount of contradictory information. The great worldwide debate concerning all aspects of GM crops has drawn many groups of participants with articles, research, and reports proving their stance, ranging from environmental pressure groups to scientists to biotechnology companies to the government. The British Medical Association defines genetic modification as " the process of altering genetic material to express different characteristics1." Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are plant, animal, or microbe resulting from genetic modification. The regulations on all aspects of GM crops are very stringent. In July 2003, the EU lifting a 5-year ban on the sell of GM food, on the basis that they are fully labelled as containing GMO's2. Non-EU countries especially the US companies have reacted angrily to the mandatory labelling of their GM products, as they know how reluctant the Europeans are to GM. Under the
Biology Case Study
Should drug trials be allowed? By Roshan Mistry 11O Title Page Pg 1 Contents Page Pg2 Introduction Pg3 What is a Drug Trial? Pg4 Types of Drug Trial (Vitro Tests) Pg5 Types of Drug Trial (Clinical Trial) Pg6 How Can Drug Trials be Harmful? Pg8 How can Drug Trials Be Helpful? Pg8 Should Drug Trials be allowed? Pg9 Bibliography Pg 10 This case study will investigate whether drug trials are safe for people and animals. By reading this you will learn about all the benefits and risks of drug trials, whether it's safe or not. The question of "Should Drug Trials be allowed?" will be answered in this case study. I decided to choose this question as there haven't been many debates about the topic so therefore people are unaware. By writing this case study I hope to inform you about drug trials. I also picked this question as I found it interesting knowing where medicines come from and why we assume they are all safe for us. It also lets us look at the hard work put into developing safe medicines for us to use and how much we rely on the scientists who develop and test the medicines. Where does a new medicine come from? Firstly, you will need to know where new medicines come from. When you are ill, you'll visit the doctor and receive drug prescription. Little do you know about where the drug comes from and how the doctors know it's safe to
Why is sexual reproduction so common in nature?
Why is sexual reproduction so common in nature? One of the greatest challenges for evolutionary biology is explaining the widespread occurrence of sexual reproduction, and the associated process of genetic recombination. Sexual reproduction involves one individual combining half its DNA with half of DNA of another individual, so that the offspring is only half genetic copy of each parent. However, in asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetic copies of the parent. Thus, sexual reproduction poses an evolutionary problem because it seems to be half as efficient a method of reproducing as asexual reproduction. Asexual females can potentially produce twice as many daughters as sexual females, so that the ratio of asexual to sexual females should initially double each generation, resulting in the 'two-fold cost of sex'.? In addition to this 50% cost and the dilution of the individual's genome, sexual reproduction also presents other disadvantages in comparison to asexual reproduction. First and foremost there is the cost of recombination - favourable gene combinations that have increased in frequency under the action of natural selection are broken up. Secondly, the process of sexual reproduction requires a significant cellular-mechanical cost as sex requires meiosis, syngamy and karyogamy. A great amount of time is taken up by these three processes alone, and far
Biology - Cloning. In this case study I shall explain the divisive subject of cloning, I shall endeavour to give an insight into the many factors of cloning, a detailed explanation to what it is and why we do it. I will include what the experts and the pu
Contents . Title Page 2. Contents 3 - 4. Introduction 5. In the News 6. Historical Content 7. Advantages/Disadvantages 8. Discussion 9. Conclusion 0. Bibliography & References Introduction In this case study I shall explain the divisive subject of cloning, I shall endeavour to give an insight into the many factors of cloning, a detailed explanation to what it is and why we do it. I will include what the experts and the public think of this ever growing occurrence. I shall cover the historical background and breakthroughs in the subject, all of this, and backed with my opinion and helpful resources, I hope to deliver a flowing and detailed explanation covering all of the aspects of replicating organisms, combined with detailed explanation covering all related issues. It all began with the ancient Egyptian race, they wanted to clone themselves as an offering to the gods, but this was just an ancient, lost theory. Attempts at cloning ran through the years until 1885. The first cloned animals were created by Hans Driesch. Driesch's original goal was not to create identical animals, but to prove that genetic material is not lost during cell division. His experiments involved sea urchins because they have large embryo cells and grow independently. And then in 1951, scientists cloned a frog egg from the research and experiments from the 1800's. They cloned the frog egg
Embryo Screening. The embryo screening, also referred as PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), is a procedure tested on an embryo to identify any unwanted diseases that is found in the genes of the embryo.
Embryo Screening Settling down and starting a family is what many couples have in mind. It's a life changing decision the many indivisual choose to endure, however, obstacles and complications have delayed couples from fulfilling their goal. Leaving the chances of pregnancy aside, couples try to prevent many issues that occur with their newborns - infectious and complicated diseases, deformities and abnormalities. In many cultures and races, it is customary, or even the norm, to marry close relatives. This scientifically has been proven to increase the chances of having your offspring inherit the diseases that have been in the past generations, such as diabetes, cancer, anemia and leukemia. [8] One type of solution that has been discovered is embryo screening and human genetic engineering. The embryo screening, also referred as PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), is a procedure tested on an embryo to identify any unwanted diseases that is found in the genes of the embryo. This then enables the couples to be aware of the problems that they might be facing if they do get pregnant, and leaving their embryo untouched. After enlightening couples about the genetic diseases found in the genes, they have to whether to go through the PGD and modify the genes to contract the ones that contain the genetic information about the disease, abnormality, or deformity. "PGD involves
Natural variation
Final Amarah Adam Biology- Natural variation Natural variation- foot size between boys and girls Abstract The purpose of the report is to analyze the two major factors that affect how we develop which are genetic and environmental variations. I have presented my data in a table, line graph and bar chart. I also composed a questionnaire. My major conclusions are that genes mostly affect the child's physical features. Introduction I am carrying out this experiment to see the difference in foot sizes of children. In the case of genetic variation, genes are a section of DNA within the chromosomes of a cell, which give the instructions to a cell about how to make a protein. Inherited information controls how an organism develops. Genes pass on information from the parents to the next generation and in this way, they affect our features. The environment also plays a major role in the development of humans or Homo sapiens. For example, when we spend more time in the sun, our skin gets darker. Diet choices and fitness also have an effect on our features. Hypothesis: I expect that maybe, footwear can lead to impaired growth. I also think that the length of their foot will depend on their inherited genes. Probably the older they are the larger their foot. 2 Materials and methods Equipment used: A4 blank paper- to measure the foot Tape measure- to measure heights of
