The Electrolysis Of Copper Sulphate Solution Using Copper Electrodes
The Electrolysis Of Copper Sulphate Solution Using Copper Electrodes Plan Variables * Temperature of the electrolyte * The concentration of the electrolyte * The separation of he electrodes * The size of the electrodes * Current Only the mass or size of the electrodes, and the current are being investigated, therefore in order for this to be a fair test, the other factors must be kept constant. The temperature was monitored during the preliminary results, and the higher the current the higher the temperature change, which in the 1A reading was 5º C, therefore to keep it as constant as possible the current will be as low as possible, and monitored, so that it does not change during the experiment There will be a thermometer in the electrolyte so that the temperature can be monitored. The same CuS04 will be used throughout so the concentration is the same, and the same spacing between electrodes will be used. The size of the electrodes should be the same, but they will be reused, so the size will change from experiment to experiment. . Scrub copper electrodes with wire wool 2. Rinse in distilled water 3. Dry with propanone 4. Weigh and record anode and cathode 5. Put into circuit ate set current value, with crocodile clips, making sure the clips are not touching the copper sulphate. 6. Time for ten minutes 7. remove and dry, weigh and record result
Thermal Decomposition Of Metal Carbonates
Thermal Decomposition Of Metal Carbonates Aim: To investigate a range of metal carbonates and see if they thermally decompose. Written By Tauqir Sharif Research: When a metal is thermally decomposed the bond between the metal and its carbonate (carbon and oxygen) is removed and the carbonate is released as carbon dioxide. Metal Carbonate = Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide Malachite is an ore of copper. It is made mostly of copper carbonate. It can be crushed into a green powder. If this powder is heated it changes colour. A new substance has been made. The new substance is a black powder. This is called copper oxide. The copper carbonate has been decomposed. Copper oxide is made by thermal decomposition of copper carbonate. Carbon dioxide is also made. The formula for this is: Copper Carbonate = Copper Oxide + Carbon Dioxide (CuCO3 = CuO + CO2) The reactivity series determines how fast this reaction occurs. The reactivity series is the order of metals in the periodic table. The most reactive metals are placed at the top of the reactivity series. The least reactive materials are placed at the bottom of the reactivity series. From preliminary work that I have already done I know that Potassium and sodium are the most reactive metals, and that gold and platinum are the least reactive metals. To determine the order of how reactive a metal is and where to place it in the
Thermal Decomposition of Metal carbonates
Leanne Heath 10 Derby 1 Thermal Decomposition of Metal carbonates The aim of this experiment is to determine the order of the reactivity series by investigating the thermal breakdown of metal carbonates. Hypothesis When a metal is thermally decomposed the bond between the metal and its carbonate (carbon and oxygen) is removed and the carbonate is released as cerbon dioxide. The reactivity series determines how fast this reaction occurs. The reactivity series is the order metals in the periodic table. The most reactive metals are placed at the top of the reactivity series. The least reactive materials are placed at the bottom of the reactivity series. From preliminary work that I have already done I know that Potassium and sodium are the most reactive metals, and that gold and platinum are the least reactive metals. To determine the order of how reactive a metal is and where to place it in the reactivity series you have to see how the metal reacts to: * Oxygen (air) * Water * Acid When metals are heated they react with oxygen in the air. As the metal is heated it reacts with the oxygen to form an oxide. The most reactive metals such as potassium and sodium burn brightly as they are heated. The less reactive metals do not burn brightly, and take longer to form their oxide. With some metals there is no reaction at all. These are the metals at the bottom of the reactivity
An investigation to find out what factors affect the rate of electrolysis of a solution containing copper (II) ions.
Investigating the rate of electrolysis. An investigation to find out what factors affect the rate of electrolysis of a solution containing copper (II) ions. Plan It is known that by passing a constant electric current through a copper sulphate solution the passage of ions through this solution results in copper atoms being dissolved into the solution from the anode, which has a positive charge while positive copper, ions (cations) are also being discharged at the cathode which has a negative charge. Normally anions, which have a negative charge, are discharged at the anode. The experiment I will be carrying out is aimed to observe the amount of Copper (Cu) metal deposited during the electrolysis of Copper Sulphate solution (CuSo4) using Copper electrodes, when certain variables are changed In this investigation I will change variables within the experiment, which will hopefully change the rate of reaction and also the deposit of copper metal at the cathode. These variables could include: ·Voltage ·Concentration of solution/ Quantity of Solution ·Surface area/ Size of Electrodes ·Temperature ·Molarity/Concentration of Solution ·Distance between the electrodes These variables all have a way of changing the rate of reaction. Voltage: Changing the voltage of the circuit would affect the rate of reaction because as Ohm's law states, As charged particles try to
Investigation into Electrolysis
Practical Experiment: Electrolysis Introduction: During electrolysis, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, forcing chemical reactions to take place. The negative cell emf of an electrolytic cell indicates that the overall reaction does not occur spontaneously but rather needs electricity for the reaction to take place. In an electrolytic cell, two electrodes are immersed in a common electrolyte. At the cathode, one of the electrodes, reduction takes place, but as it is attached to the negative terminal, it has a negative charge. The anode, the positively charged electrode is where oxidation takes place. To predict the products of electrolysis, all possible reactions must be considered. If aqueous electrolytes are present or reactive electrodes used, all possible half reactions for each electrode should be considered, with the half reaction with the most positive Eo value being the most likely to occur. Electrodes such as carbon and platinum are inert and simply provide a surface for electron transfer. The concentration of the electrolyte solution can make the discharge of certain ions, such as chloride, become more favourable. Even though a particular reaction has a higher Eo value, a reaction a second ion with a lower Eo value will become more likely if the concentration of the second ion is higher. Electroplating is the method of applying a metallic
Making an electric cell
Making an electric cell The zinc turns out to be the negative electrode (the black lead) as it is the more reactive of the two metals. You can check the order of reactivity in the reactivity series. Remember that metals react by losing electrons and turning into positive ions. It follows that a more reactive metal will lose electrons more readily than a less reactive one, and consequently be the negative electrode of the pair. Background The differing reactivities of metals When metals react, they give away electrons and form positive ions. This particular topic sets about comparing the ease with which a metal does this to form hydrated ions in solution - for example, Mg2+(aq) or Cu2+(aq). We might want to compare the ease with which these two changes take place: Everybody who has done chemistry for more than a few months knows that magnesium is more reactive than copper. The first reaction happens much more readily than the second one. What this topic does is to try to express this with some numbers. Looking at this from an equilibrium point of view Suppose you have a piece of magnesium in a beaker of water. There will be some tendency for the magnesium atoms to shed electrons and go into solution as magnesium ions. The electrons will be left behind on the magnesium. In a very short time, there will be a build-up of electrons on the
I am investigating which supermarkets have the strongest plastic bags; I have tested this out in an experiment. I will also be researching whether plastic bags are good or bad for the environment and how they can be replaced or used differently.
Plastic Bags Introduction I am investigating which supermarkets have the strongest plastic bags; I have tested this out in an experiment. I will also be researching whether plastic bags are good or bad for the environment and how they can be replaced or used differently. It is estimated that we use over 500 billion plastic bags worldwide every year, which is nearly 1 million bags used every minute. In the UK It is estimated that we use 10 billion which is about 167 bags per person. They are very controversial as they take a very long time to break down and only 1 in 200 plastic bags in the UK are recycled; they pose a choking hazard for wildlife and children, plastic contains a lot of chemicals and some found could cause cancer and people find that there are many other replacements like using paper bags instead. Plastic is an organic substance consisting of large molecules called polymers. It is distilled from wood, coal, oil and even natural gas by chemicals such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon. Other chemicals present in plastic may include chlorine, sulphur, silicone and fluorine. Plastic bags are made in a number of ways and for a number of purposes; each plastic bag is made of a polymer. Polymers are large molecules that contain lots of a chosen repeating monomer. Plastic bags are made from the monomer ethylene (ethene). These ethylene molecules are made
Investigating displacement reactions to find out the order of reactivity of some metals.
Aim Investigating displacement reactions to find out the order of reactivity of some metals. I will find this out by comparing temperature rise caused by different metals during displacement reactions in a salt solution. Prediction I predict that the reactivity series for these three metals (Zinc, Magnesium, Iron) will look like this: Magnesium Zinc Iron I also think the following: Magnesium will have the most vigorous reaction and the temperature change for this metal will be the most. Zinc will have a vigorous reaction with the solution but it will not be as vigorous as the reaction Magnesium will have. Iron will have the least vigorous reaction, as it is closest to Copper in the reactivity series (when compared with Zinc and Magnesium). Therefore the displacement reaction will occur between Iron and the Copper Sulphate solution but it will not be as significant as the displacement reaction Zinc and Magnesium will have with the Copper Sulphate solution. I believe that the most energy will be released by Magnesium. Magnesium as you can see by the use of the reactivity series is above the other metals I am investigating (Zinc and Iron), meaning it has the ability to loose it's electrons most easily and displace the copper from the solution and make it a pure metal. The equation for this will be: Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu I also believe that the reactions
Extraction of Metals.
Occurrence of Metals in the Earth Crust Metals are found in the earth's crust. The least reactive metals are found native as elements e.g. silver, gold, but most are found in compounds, usually oxides or sulphides. The occurrence in nature of metals will affect the cost of extracting and engineering them. Most metals are found as ores usually either as an oxide or a sulphide. Sulphides are even rarer than oxides as these were formed when the earth's crust was solidifying and there was plenty of sulphur from volcanic activity. Oxides became present later in the earth's history when oxygen became more abundant. Redox reductions are used to obtain most of the metals that we all take for granted. Most metals are found occurring naturally in rocks called ores. They are in compounds, chemically bonded to other elements. However, there are metals with very low reactivity that can be found as the elements themselves. We say these metals are found native in the ground. Examples of metals found natively are copper, silver, gold and platinum. Copper and silver are also mined as ores. Gold is expensive as it is rare and difficult to separate from the waste rock. All metals above copper in the Reactivity series are found as ores. Rocks that contain a high enough percentage of a metal to be extracted commercially are known as ores (what percentage is required depends on
Are Humans causing global warming?
Are humans causing global warming? Heather Kilby Contents Page . Title 2. Contents 3. What is global warming 4. Arguments for, first piece 5. Arguments for, second piece 6. Arguments against, first piece 7. Arguments against, second piece 8. Comparing the arguments 9. Comparing the arguments 0. Bibliography Global Warming Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere which in turn causes a change in climate; we can prove this as in the last 100 years the earth’s average surface temperature has increase by about 0.8˚c with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades. For decades scientists have been trying to figure out what is causing global warming, they have looked at natural cycles and events that are known to alter climate. But the amount and pattern of global warming can’t be explained by these factors alone. The only way to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases emitted by humans. The greenhouse effect is the warming that happens when certain gases in the earth’s atmosphere trap heat. Sunlight shines onto the earth’s surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat, the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere the more the heat gets trapped. The greenhouse effect is what makes the
