Close Your Eyes
Close your eyes As I finished packing my suitcase I felt a tear fall onto my hand. This was the last time I'd be here. The last time I'd see this house, this room. I didn't want to leave but I had to. I'd only found out last week. Mum came home and told me over dinner that we had to move to London because she'd got a job transfer. At first I refused to leave all this behind me but after a few days it seemed like I had no choice. I'd told all my friends and they were so sad to see me go. Especially Chloe. Me and her had been best friends since we were little. We never spent a moment apart, we basically lived at each others. What's mine was hers and what hers was mine. It had always been like that. Now we were being ripped apart. It felt like I was losing a sister. I told her that I'd call her everyday and that we could talk on MSN until we fell asleep at the computer. We laughed at the idea of me living in London, after all, I hated the place, but inside we were both crying. I sat on the floor and looked around my room. The walls were bare and the wallpaper had been torn where id pulled my posters down. My bed, wardrobe, mirror, shelves, TV and every single other thing in my room was sitting inside the removal van being taken to our new home. The only thing in the room was me, and my suitcase. "Louise!" I heard mum calling me from the stairs "Darling we have to leave.
How much Iron (II) in 100 grams of Spinach Oleracea?
How much Iron (II) in 100 grams of Spinach Oleracea? Spinach Oleracea Name : Jade Taylor Candidate Number : 3689 Centre Number : 58203 Year of Entry : 2004 Contents Plan Aim To found out how much Iron (II) is present in 100 grams of Spinach Oleracea. The factors that I am going to investigated in this experiment include finding the best method to determine the concentration of an Iron (II) Ammonium Sulphate (aq) by trying colorimetry, an electrochemical cells experiment and a redox titration with Potassium Manganate (aq). After this I will extract Iron (II) from Spinach Oleracea using various methods (i.e. boiling the Spinach Oleracea for a range of times in different solutions) and use this spinach extract solution to determine the volume of iron extracted. I will take into account the presences of Oxalate ions and change my experiment accordingly (i.e. heating the spinach extract solution before titration's). Introduction It is important to know the Iron (II) content in 100 grams of Spinach Oleracea, as this allows people to calculate how much Spinach Oleracea needs to be eaten in order to obtain the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of Iron (II). As shown in the table below the Recommended Daily Allowance for Iron (II) varies with age and sex (2) The Recommended Daily Allowance of Iron (II) (2) Age Amount (mg) Youth -3 6 4-12 8 Males 3-18 0
GCSE Chemistry Revision Notes - everything!
Page of 9/29/2012 Chemistry Syllabus Atoms Atomic structure Relative molecular and formula masses Chemical formulae and chemical equations Ionic compounds Covalent substances Electrolysis Metallic crystals The Periodic Table Group 1 elements Group 2 elements Group 7 elements Oxygen and oxides Sulphur and nitrogen Hydrogen The transition metals – iron and copper Reactivity series Preparing and analysing Alkanes Alkenes Ethanol States of matter Acidic, alkalinity and neutralisation Energetics Rates of reaction Dynamic Equilibria Extraction and uses of metals Natural oil and gas Synthetic polymers The manufacture of chemicals ________________ ________________ Atoms The simplest substances from which all other substances are made up are called elements. They are shown in the periodic table and can be represented by a chemical symbol. This consists of one or two letters. The first letter is always a capital letter. Elements can be divided into groups into two ways: . Solid, liquid and gas 2. Metal and non-metal Elements combine in fixed proportions to form compounds. The compound sodium chloride is composed of two elements: the metal, sodium, and the non-metal, chlorine. The compound calcium carbonate contains the metal, calcium, and two non-metals carbon and oxygen. All elements are made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest part
Find out how the rate of hydrolysis of an organic halogen compound depends on the identity of the halogen atom, and the nature of the carbon-hydrogen 'skeleton'.
PLANNING AIM: The purpose of this experiment is to find out how the rate of hydrolysis of an organic halogen compound depends on the identity of the halogen atom, and the nature of the carbon-hydrogen 'skeleton'. I will be comparing the rates of hydrolysis of the primary substances 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane, 1-iodobutane, and will investigate the rate of hydrolysis of the tertiary substance 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. From the results I will then go on to deduce a rate expression/equation and a possible mechanism for the reaction. Calculations that are to be carried out include that of gradients and rates of the graph. This is needed because the gradient of the graph gives us the rate of reaction. A rate for each tangent taken needs to be worked out so that a rate graph can be constructed, which will give the order of the hydrolysis of the haloalkane. Example: Figure 1 (I) Rate = Gradient Gradient = Y2 - Y1 X2 - X1 = [reactants at Y2] - [reactants atY1] (where [ ] refers to the concentration) t2 - t1 (where t refers to the time) Rate = ?[reactants] (where ? refers to the change) ?t The initial rate will be taken, therefore the gradient line will start at
Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of Catalase
Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of Catalase Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of Catalase AIM This is an experiment to examine how the concentration of the substrate hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. PREDICTION I predict that as the substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction will go up at a directly proportional rate until the solution becomes saturated with the substrate hydrogen peroxide. When this saturation point is reached, then adding extra substrate will make no difference. The rate steadily increases when more substrate is added because more of the active sites of the enzyme are being used which results in more reactions so the required amount of oxygen is made more quickly. Once the amount of substrate molecules added exceeds the number of active sites available then the rate of reaction will no longer go up. This is because the maximum number of reactions are being done at once so any extra substrate molecules have to wait until some of the active sites become available. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Enzymes such as Catalase are protein molecules which are found in living cells. They are used to speed up specific reactions in the cells. They are all very specific as each enzyme just performs one particular reaction. Catalase is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It
The role of mass customization and postponement in global logistics
The role of mass customization and postponement in global logistics "Mass Customisation is - the customisation and personalisation of products and services - for individual customers at a mass production price. So, what does mass customisation mean for manufacturers and retailers? Simply this, that there's money to be made and customer satisfaction to be achieved by allowing the buyer to customise his or her own purchases by choosing the size, colour and style from a predetermined, often extensive, list of 'options'. The ultimate goal is to manufacture on a mass scale, retain or improve the margins associated with mass production, and supply a final product that meets each buyer's individual desires. Apparel captures a major share of mass-customised products, but the concept stretches far beyond a single industry - to furniture, automobiles, eyeglasses, aeronautics, Barbie dolls, computers and so on. For the manufacturer, mass customisation offers an advantage because it differentiates his product from that of his competitors. It enables him to charge a premium for allowing his customer the 'privilege' to specify the final details of his purchase. Moreover, it allows the consumer to 'buy in' emotionally to the purchase, thereby reducing the risk that he will return the product he's purchased - forcing the manufacturer to restock or mark down, or even worse scrap, the
Evacuation in Britain
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What is resistance?
What is
What factors effect the rate of a chemical reaction?
What factors effect the rate of a chemical reaction Introduction During any chemical reaction the concentrations of the reactants decrease and the concentration of products increase with time. The rate of reaction (reaction velocity) may be defined as the rate of change of concentration of a stated reactant or product. The rate of a reaction is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. A reaction can be made to go faster or slower by changing a number of factors. In order for a reaction to occur it is necessary that: particles must collide with each other and the collision must have enough energy. If this happens the original bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - so that new products are formed. Successful collisions (those with sufficient energy) can be increased (or decreased) by a number of factors. Aim I am trying to find out what factors effect the rate of a particular reaction - the reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric acid. Key Variables The key variables that I could change are: Surface area of solid - The surface area has an effect on the rate of reaction. If the solid has a large surface area then there are more opportunities for collisions to occur between the solid and liquid. This is because there are more opportunities for collisions to occur. If the
To investigate the effect of varying the masses of white sugar and yeast and the temperature on the rate of expansion of wheat dough.
Coursework submission for Coursework.info Planned Proposal: Aim: To investigate the effect of varying the masses of white sugar and yeast and the temperature on the rate of expansion of wheat dough. Null hypothesis: The rate of rising of dough will be independent of the mass of white sugar and yeast present in the dough and independent of the temperature. Alternate hypothesis: The rate of expansion of the wheat dough will be positively dependant on the masses of the white sugar and yeast and the dependence on the temperature will initially be positive, and then negative. Apparatus: Apparatus Quantity Purpose Weighing boat 3 Required to pour the yeast, sugar and flour being measured into for weighing on the mettler balance Mettler balance Required to accurately measure the masses of the yeast, sugar and flour Glass-distilled water 3200ml Tap water is inappropriate because it contains impurities such as mineral ions which could affect the accuracy of the experiment and introduce variables unaccounted for 25 ml measuring cylinder Required for the addition of 25ml of distilled water to dissolve the sugar. 00 ml measuring cylinder 3 was required for the addition of 75.0ml of water to the sugar-yeast mixture. The other 2 were required for measuring the rate of rise of the dough for both trials of each experiment Yeast Substance being investigated and
