Stars, Supernova and Black holes
Stars, Supernova and Black holes Stars have been around for a long time it starts from a concentration of mass in a cloud of gas and dust this started from a process of collapse. This concentration attracted matter to itself by gravity and the whole cloud started to fall in on itself. As it started to shrink, the cloud began to spin. Gas and dust were pulled in to the centre as they clashed together; it caused the temperature to rise. As the cloud collapsed more and more, it spun faster and faster, as it spinning, it flattened out until a disc formed around a central core to form what is called a solar nebula. Most of the gas and dust from the spinning cloud were released in huge plumes above and below the forming star. The pressure and temperature in the middle of the cloud eventually became so great that the atoms started to fuse releasing huge amounts of energy, and then the star started to shine. The sun is a star, like the other stars it is a ball of very hot gas. The sun gives us huge amounts of energy into space. The energy that keeps the sun shining is produced in its centre or core. The pressure in the core is enormous, and the temperature reaches 15 million degrees centre grade. Under these conditions, atoms of hydrogen gas join together to form another gas called helium. This process is called nuclear fusion. The sun is a very important star in the sky, the sun
Astronomical observation
Astronomical observation .Describe the observed motion of the stars during one night. At first sight stars appear not to move in the sky, they are seen static by human eyes. However recently astronomers have found that the stars are moving at fast velocities through space. The reason why they appear not to be moving is that they are so far away from us, the closest star is Proxima Centauri, which is 40 million million kilometers far away. 2.Describe the observed motion of the sun in the sky each day, and how this varies over the year, at different latitudes. From the earth the sun is seen to rise in the east, arc across the sky, and set in the west. However this is only an apparent motion, which happens because the earth spins on its axis from west to east. The sun is seen to rise higher in the sky in summer than in winter. This occurs because the earth spin is tilted in space. As the earth circles in orbit around the sun during a year, a particular place on the surface is tilted more towards the sun at some times than at others. This brings about the season. The greatest tilt occur on about June 21 and December 21 every year. On June 21 the Northern Hemisphere is tilted most towards the sun, and it is mid-summer. On December 21 the Northern Hemisphere is tilted farthest away from the sun and it is mid-winter. This days are known as the Solstices. 3. Describe the
My project this year is based on the solar system. In my project I will discuss the theory behind the start of the solar system. I will also describe the sun and planets moving round it.
Introduction My project this year is based on the solar system. In my project I will discuss the theory behind the start of the solar system. I will also describe the sun and planets moving round it. Some planets can easily be seen at night but you need a powerful telescope to see others. A lot of the findings in our solar system are obtained recently from the photographs sent be space probes like Voyager. Findings have also been made by using powerful radio telescopes on earth. I will conclude my project with what may be in store for us in the future. Chapter 1 History of the Solar System The region of the universe in which we live, the solar system, is one of many clusters of planets and stars in space. Of the nine planets that orbit our nearby star, the sun, Earth is the only one known to support life. Our Solar System lies in a particular region of the universe known as the Milky Way galaxy. The solar system cosists of the Sun, together with the planets, their satellites, and asteroid, meteoroids, and comets, all of which are travelling around the Sun in paths called orbits. The word "solar" comes from the Latin word 'sol,' which means "sun." The Sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets and other members of the solar system in orbit and stops them from travelling of into space. The Sun also provides the heat and light in the solar system. The other
'Sheenagh Pugh presents us with a Sad View of the Future and a Grim Warning of What Could Be. Discuss How She Does This, Paying Particular Attention to the way She Uses Mood and Language and how She Organizes the Poem.'
'Sheenagh Pugh presents us with a Sad View of the Future and a Grim Warning of What Could Be. Discuss How She Does This, Paying Particular Attention to the way She Uses Mood and Language and how She Organizes the Poem.' In this poem analysis I am studying three poems by Sheenagh Pugh in the earth studies trilogy. The titles are, 'The Craft I Left in was Called Esau', 'Do You Think We'll Ever get to See Earth Sir?' and 'Geography 1'. 'The Craft I Left in was Called Esau' is all about a group of astronauts who leave earth to find anther world because they have destroyed their home, earth. 'Do You Think We'll Ever get to See Earth Sir?' is all about a person who realizes his home has been destroyed, there is nothing left and everything is precious and rare. 'Geography 1' is all about a teacher called Christy who is giving a geography lesson about the island of Surtsey which was 'born' late and 'lost' to soon. My first poem that I will analyse is called 'The Craft I Left in was Called Esau'. The poem is about human survivors who are leaving Earth to find another world because they have destroyed their home. The poem is trying to say that even though they will not be coming back to Earth, they are very excited about being in Space looking down at their lost home as if it were a small stone. The poem is set out as 24 short-worded lines and is also written in a free-flowing
The planets and the universe
The planets and the universe There are nine planets in the solar system. Together with comets and other space debris, such as the asteroid belt, these bodies make up the solar system. All these bodies are held in orbit around the sun by gravity. The planets are mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto. These are in order from their distance from the Sun. The biggest planet is the gas giant Jupiter as it is manly gas and has no solid surface. Jupiter has a diameter of 142 800 km and a mass of 1.9 x 10' the smallest is the ice planet Pluto. Moons are natural satellites. The Earth and some of the other planets have one or more moons. There are also artificial satellites these are man-made they are placed in orbit around earth to transmit radio signals around the planet or to study what is happening on the Earth. The sun was formed from a large blob at the center of a cloud. As time passed bye the sun became large enough to collect most of the hydrogen gas surrounding it and to pull smaller objects into orbit. Deep inside the blob the gases became more and more squashed. Eventually, the pressure and temperature became high enough to push hydrogen nuclei together to form helium nuclei. This process is called Nuclear Fusion and it releases a huge amount of energy. Once nuclear fusion has started, the blob had become a star-the sun. How a
Concepts of the universe creation
Unit 11-A01 Jack Davies The Big bang theory: There are several theories of the universe one being the "big bang", it is proposed that the big bang is what has created life today and our universe. It is an effort to explain and persuade people that "our world" was created through an enormous amount of concentrated energy and matter, this theory has many misconceptions due to how it occurred. People often misinterpret that the big bang theory suggests the world (universe) was created through an explosion which is in fact incorrect. Because the Big bang theory states that the universe in fact started from a beginning when there began to be an expansion. Our universe is thought to have begun as an infinitesimally small, infinitely hot, and infinitely dense, although scientists can predict this is what they believed happened through evidence listed below; * First of all, we are reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. * Second, galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. This is called "Hubble's Law," named after Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) who discovered this phenomenon in 1929. This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted. * Third, if the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965,
The Life Cycle of the Stars
Running head: THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE STARS The Life Cycle of the Stars K.B. College Science 101 John September 03, 2007 The Life Cycle of the Stars Stars come in many definitions and in many forms today, there are Rock Stars, Movie Stars, There is even star shaped cereal for children but the most important stars we have our in our solar system. Let us look at the stars in the sky and space, their origins of birth, their features of life, and their features in death. Light is an important part of a stars life, because light is what a star emits and makes it visible to us. Through the study of starlight, the discovery the Earth orbits the sun appeared. In addition, the aberrations of starlight eventually lead to the discovery of stellar parallax in 1838. There are many forms of photons and electromagnetic waves and because of the various forms and shapes, we are able to study star by the light that they emit. In the Hierarchy of the universe, stars play an important role. They are huge bodies that have come into being from great clouds of light elements, either with the stars forming simultaneously, or in later evolution of the galaxies. When a star is born out of enormous clouds of gas and dust, they come together into a gigantic ball. Then there is the pressure from all the gas and dust banging into each other and it can reach millions of degrees in temperature. The
To determine the refractive index of glass
PHYSICS COURSEWORK LAB REPORT Aim: To determine the refractive index of glass. Hypothesis: The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray all lie in the same plane. Also, according to Snell's law, for 2 particular media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction should be a constant: Sin i Sin r Apparatus: . A rectangular prism 2. Four 1 inch pins 3. A protractor 4. A ruler 5. An A4 size cardboard 6. An A4 size sheet of plain paper 7. 4 bits of blue tack 8. A pencil Method . A table is drawn at the top left side of the A4 size paper with column titles: "Angle of Incidence" and "Angle of Refraction". The table should contain 8 rows excluding the column titles. 2. The rectangular prism is placed at the middle of the top of the page and its perimeter is traced with the help of the ruler and pencil. The normal is soon after marked out in the approximate centre of the perimeter using the protractor at the 90 degrees point. The operation is then repeated at the middle of the bottom of the page and finally to the back of the page. 3. 4 perimeters with a normal on each should already be drawn at that stage. Next, an angle should be measured and traced from the point where the normal touches the perimeter line from any of the 4 sketch. The angle is noted at the table as an angle of incidence. This step is repeated
Solar Energy
Solar Energy Introduction Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times. In 1970 there were exploiting solar energy more efficiently. It was mostly after the dramatic oil rise in the 1970's when several countries started to explore the use of solar energy more intensive and started to develop programmes to exploit solar energy. Our planet depends more and more on solar energy. Energy from the sun can be essential and categorized in two ways; in the form of heat which we call thermal energy and in the form of light energy. The use of solar energy is increasing as time goes by. The production of oxygen and food would be impossible without solar energy. For farmers for example, solar energy is essential to them, they need plentiful of sunlight for there large fields. When hanging out our clothes to dry in the sun, we use thermal energy which we get from the sun in the same way solar panels absorb the energy of the sun to provide heat for cooking and for heating water. These kinds of system are now available in the market and are often used in homes and factories especially thermal energy products are becoming most popular. In this essay I will explain how we humans take the use of solar energy. The advantages and drawbacks of this energy and how essential and useful solar energy is to our modern global society. Solar Thermal Energy Form of Energy: Thermal energy
Is the human race on a collision course for its own destruction’?
Before I begin I feel that I need to express a point. The point I must make is that this is my opinion about this chosen topic and I hope it will be read with a open mind and not cast down before it has been finished. What I would like to discuss in written form is 'Is the human race on a collision course for its own destruction' which needs no further addressment by myself but I feel the need to express a point or two. Human life has existed on this planet for a relatively short amount of time considering the age of the planet upon which we inhabit. We have evolved on Earth from a simple 'goo' that has been dubbed 'primordial soup' by those ever clever scientists. This fact maybe false by religious standards but it is the most likely solution to the problem of how we came to be. For Christian people we were came to be by an omnipotent being that took out the time to create two people, Adam and Eve, and I think that this is a good example of peoples delusions of supremacy. For thousands of years now man and woman have played an overwhelming part in the development of this planet usually with the misconception that Earth is theirs and theirs alone and everything else is just here for are needs. We have destroyed landscape to accommodate our needs of hoes, farmland and entertainment. This is normally done with little regard for the previous inhabitants be they man or beast,
