Extended Essay - The Role of a UN-Secretary General to Achieve World Peace: The Endeavor of U Thant in Handling the Cuban Missile Crisis
Candidate Number: 006048004 Topic: The Role of a UN Secretary-General to Achieve World Peace: The Endeavour of U Thant in handling the Cuban Missile Crisis Question: To what extent did U Thant play a vital role as Secretary-General of the United Nations, maintaining his neutral position, in keeping the peace and preventing a Nuclear Warfare by Disentangling the US-Soviet Conflict in the Caribbean Area in 1962? Name: Zwe Kyaw Zwa Candidate Number: 006048-004 Centre Number: 6048 Subject: History Extended Essay Supervisor: Ms. Sandar Chen Date: 16/9/2012 Word Count: 3975 Abstract: 280 Abstract This extended essay examines the question: To what extent did U Thant play a vital role as Secretary-General of the United Nations, maintaining his neutral position, in keeping the peace and preventing a nuclear warfare by disentangling the US-Soviet Conflict in the Caribbean area in 1962? My thesis examines the historical investigation of the US naval quarantine of the Soviet shipment of nuclear warheads to Cuba, the confrontational conversations between the conflicting governments and U Thant’s unbiased negotiation for compromised solution for world peace. Along with the withdrawal of the Soviet warships and bombers, and the disassembling of nuclear weapons in Cuba, the crisis ends with US’s pledge of not invading Cuba. The scope of the essay is restricted only to the
Mao and China Revision Guide
Revision Guide Dates of Leadership 1949-1976 Country and Regime Replaced China, Qing dynasty , Guomindang (GMD), A republic(a form of government in which there is no monarch and power is exercised by elected representatives) took power after the 1911 revolution, until Mao came to power Conditions which allowed leader’s rise to power There were two main revolutionary parties, the Nationalists (Guomindang) (GMD), led by Chiang Kaishek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led in the late 1920s by Mao Zedong. When China's most populated and richest parts were occupied by Japan, the GMD had a half-hearted response which compromised the power they had. The Civil war between the CCP and the GMD Internal turmoil- warlords Failures of previous regime The Qing dynasty's inability to protect China By 1900 over 50 of China's key ports and towns were in foreign possession * in 1937, Japan militarily occupied many of the richest and most densely populated parts of the Chinese mainland * The Nationalist did not respond with full heart * The CCP led by Mao Zedong went from its bases in Jiangxi (Kiangsi) and Yanan (Yenan) in a spirited resistance to the Japanese occupation. Leader’s Political Party and Political System The CCP, Chinese Communist Party, and Communist political system Means by which power was obtained In 1945, when the Japanese were defeated: * Mao's
The Westeinde is one of the higher parts of The Hague, and the story of the British Embassy - the house on the Westeinde - begins over 500 years ago when the Hall of Knights in the centre of The Hague was a hunting lodge
vergadering Commissie Beeldende Kunsten datum 11 oktober 2000 locatie Van Assendelftkapel auteur Michiel de Ligt bladnummer / WESTEINDE 12 The Westeinde is one of the higher parts of The Hague, and the story of the British Embassy - the house on the Westeinde - begins over 500 years ago when the Hall of Knights in the centre of The Hague was a hunting lodge of the Counts of Holland for their hunting parties in the Hague Woods (which were then very much more extensive than they are to-day). In those days there were three or four great sand dunes running roughly south-west to north-east, with marshy areas between them. One is now the Sportlaan, the next the Laan van Meerdervoort and then comes the Westeinde. Possibly a farm house once stood where the Embassy now stands, just as there was once a farm house on the site of the Noordeinde Palace. We can only guess about that. The earliest record of the property is to be found in the first surviving Court Book of The Hague dated 1458 which, on page 71, records one Gerrit van Assendelft as being in possession of "the houses which stand between the Lorrestege and the Jan Heynriczsstraet, the gardens included". For these houses and gardens this Gerrit van Assendelft was bound to pay a small annual rent to the Count of Holland of eight denarii. Three years later it is recorded that on the 8th
History Before WWI
WHAT LED TO THE DOWNFALL OF THE TSAR? [A] Russia under the tsars before 1914 Russification - Russian dominance - The size and diversity of the empire made it extremely difficult to govern - National minorities resented Russian control; saw russification as a fundamental attack on their way of life and a monstrously unfair policy that discriminated against them - One of the policy of russification involved making non-Russians use the Russian language and adopt Russian customs - Russian officials were put in to run regional government in non-Russian parts of the empire - Russian language used in schools, law courts and regional governments - Russians got important jobs in government and state-sponsored industry - During the 19th century, protests and uprisings from national groups seeking more autonomy [B] The social structure of tsarist Russia Peasants: - Life was hard and unremitting - Most were poor, illiterate and uneducated - Disease Land and agriculture - Agricultural methods were inefficient and backward - Not enough land to go around - The vast expansion of the peasant population led to overcrowding and competition for land - Before 1905, most peasants had serious debt problems because of land repayments to the gov't. - Freed in 1861 by the nobility and given plots of land - But forced to pay for their land by making yearly redemption payments to
What were the intentions of President Harry S. Truman and General Douglas MacArthur regarding the United States intervention during the Korean War?
What were the intentions of President Harry S. Truman and General Douglas MacArthur regarding the United States' intervention during the Korean War? Word Count: 3,967 Abstract The aftermath of the Korean War still directly affects the relationship between North and South Korea and their citizens. As the only divided nation which is still at war in theory, analyzing the origin of division, the impacts of Korean War, and the intentions of major figures are significant for both North and South Korea. After providing the basic background and the course of the Korean War, two opposing viewpoints on the United States' intervention in the Korean War are presented. Therefore, my investigation ultimately leads to one research question: What were the intentions of President Harry S. Truman and General Douglas MacArthur regarding the United States' intervention during the Korean War? Both primary and secondary sources were incorporated in the investigation to analyze two contrary viewpoints on the intentions of Truman and MacArthur. The experts and historians focus on the United States' initial standing on October 7, 1950, in General Assembly of the United Nations to unify Korea under a democratic government. In addition, they elaborate on MacArthur's great success in the Inchon landing and consider him a war hero. On the other hand, other historians quote the MacArthur hearing to
The History and Development of the American Dream
Contents . Introduction . The term “American Dream” . Historical Background . Popularization of the American Dream . Present-day American Dream . Conclusion Introduction It has become a custom nowadays that the USA nowadays has turned into the first-rate provider of goods to the cultural market of the planet. The seeds of the New World’s culture have begun to appear on the Eurasian soil since the USA started to gain power in the military and geographical spheres. The goals and values that used to be unknown have now become cult ones. One of them is the widely known American Dream. Due to its incredible popularity the American Dream seems to be one-sided aspiration for success, respected social status and material well-being. People in this country are believed to follow this very general list of desirable and forget about spiritual development of a personality. By the way, this is one of the weakest points in the American dream and the one that it is mostly criticized for. Sozobe (Phoenix's "Ideological Conformity") said: "Cultures that have faced extermination in one way or another are especially sensitive to this. If there is a sense that the culture could die out because of outside influences, there is even more resistance to the idea of the culture being diluted and possibly dying out through the actions of people who are "supposed" to be protecting
To what extent did nationalism contribute to the creation and expansion of the Indochinese Communist Party?
Table of Contents: Introduction page 2 Nationalism page 2 The Impact of China on Vietnamese Nationalism page 4 The Impact of French Colonialism on the ICP page 5 The Impact of Anti-colonial Movements on the Birth of the ICP page 6 Japanese Occupation and the Impact of WW2 on page 7 Vietnamese Nationalism Indochinese Communist Party page 8 Role of Ho Chi Minh page 8 Ideologies, Organization and Tactics page 10 Conclusion page 11 Analysis of Sources page 11 Bibliography page 13 Appendices page 14 Appendix I page 14 Appendix II page 15 Appendix III page 16 Appendix IV page 17 Appendix V page 18 Appendix VI page 19 Appendix VII page 20 Appendix VIII page 21 Introduction The year 1945 is the most important date in the history of Vietnam. Two weeks after the Japanese occupation ended, the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) and its associated groups seized power from what remained of the "Japanese-sponsored royal government. On 2 September, Ho Chi Minh, proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam"1 with himself as president of a provisional government headquartered in Hanoi. The ICP is the currently ruling Marxist-Leninist Communist Party and the only legal political party in Vietnam. To
The Life and Achievements of King Canute
Canute Essay Research Paper For the English Canute Essay, Research Paper For the English people, King Cnut's reign from 1017 to 1035 was much like the month of March, "in like a lion and out like a lamb". 1 Crowned in the turmoil of war and conquest, Cnut quickly established an era of peace and prosperity. England became so secure that Cnut could frequently leave the country to settle affairs elsewhere in his empire. It was especially important to a people weary from thirty years of war that all of the fighting during his reign was on foreign soil. By the time of his death in 1035, Cnut was recognized as an equal by the Holy Roman Emperor and had negotiated with the Pope as a Christian monarch. Very little is known about Cnut's life before 1013. He may have spent some time in Poland with his mother, Gunhild, after his father, King Svein, divorced her to marry the Swedish Queen Sigrid. 2 He may also have been the foster son of Thorkell the Tall at Jomburg 3 Cnut was in charge of the Danish army at Gainsborough, north of Lincoln, when Svein died suddenly on February 3, 1013. While the Danish army proclaimed Cnut king, the English Witan recalled King Ethelred from Normandy where he had gone into exile after his defeat in 1012. 4 Ethelred immediately led an army north, forcing Cnut to abandon England. On leaving, Cnut sailed along the coast south as far as Sandwich where he
To what extent did Skanderbegs diplomatic and military skills prevent the Ottomans from taking over Albania?
To what extent did Skanderbeg's diplomatic and military skills prevent the Ottomans from taking over Albania? By Genc Hoxha Extended Essay Ms. S. Shimens May 2012 Word Count: 3987 Abstract George Kastrioti, also known as Skanderbeg, was a 15th century Albanian leader. Born in 1405 to the noble Kastrioti family, he was raised in a village in Dibra. As a young child, he was taken hostage by Sultan Murad II and as a result, he fought for the Ottoman Empire as a General. In one of his battles, he deserted the Ottomans and became the ruler of Kruje. However, there is wide debate over how influential Skanderbeg's diplomatic and military skills were in protecting the Albanian people, which raises the research question: To what extent did Skanderbeg's diplomatic and military skills prevent the Ottomans from taking over Albania? Although Skanderbeg's victories and losses during his time of protecting Albania are well documented, it is still unclear as to the extent of Skanderbeg's diplomatic and military skills in preventing Ottoman rule over Albania. Much of what we know about Skanderbeg comes from the museum that is located in Kruje castle, containing art compositions, stone and wood engravings, and maps that portray Skanderbeg's life against the Ottomans. In this essay, I propose that both Skanderbeg's diplomatic and military skills were successful in preventing the
Executive Dysfunction: Franklin Delano Roosevelts Health and Effectiveness in His Final Term of Presidency
Ethan Landrum; 0442- Table of Contents Page Introduction 2 FDR’s Health and Status Pre-1944 Election 3 – 4 What is Executive Dysfunction? 5 Impaired Drive and Initiative 6 – 7 Impaired Judgment and Response Control 8 – 9 Impaired Ability to Learn from Mistakes and Synthe… 10 – 11 Impaired Communication 12 – 13 Short-term Memory and Attention/Concentration Impa… 14 FDR’s Actions and Their Consequences 15 – 16 Conclusion 17 Introduction The Yalta Conference was the most pivotal point in FDR’s fourth term. He had not lived to see the end of the war, but he had lived long enough to participate, for a second time, at a conference with two other world leaders. Here at the Yalta Conference (or Crimea Conference), the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union met to discuss
