Asses the Controversy Generated by Her Book, 'Eichmann in Jerusalem; the Banality of Evil' Hannah Arendt.
Asses the Controversy Generated by Her Book, 'Eichmann in Jerusalem; the Banality of Evil' Hannah Arendt, the political philosopher was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1906, the only child of secular Jews. Arendt was born with a love of philosophy and it was in 1924 when Arendt entered Marburg University, where she studied philosophy with Martin Heidegger1. It was in 1929 where Arendt met her soon to be husband a young Jewish philosopher by the name of Gunther Stern, and subsequently they where married in 1930. In the following years, she continued her involvement in Jewish and Zionist politics, which began from 1926 onwards. In 1933, fearing Nazi persecution, she fled to Paris to stay with friends and relatives. It was around 1936 when Arendt met with German political refugee Heinrich Blücher, which ultimately caused her to divorce Stern in 1939, and the following year she and Blücher married in 1940. Following the outbreak of war all around Arendt in 1941, she and Blücher decided to leave their home and to settle back in New York Arendt wrote for the German language newspaper Aufbau1 and directed research for the Commission on European Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. In 1944, she began work on what would become her first major political book, The Origins of Totalitarianism. It was not until 1963, a number of years since the end of the War and the Holocaust, when through a
Can any single factor explain the emergence of Fascism?
Student Number - 110118471 Can any single factor explain the emergence of Fascism? Abstract In this essay I shall be analysing the rise of Fascism with reference to the rise of Fascist governments, namely Italy and Germany, as well as the rise of Fascist thought in general. I will do this by assessing three long term causes that are: the cultural and political history of Germany and Italy, the impact of modernisation, and finally the weakness of democracies. I shall then go on to analyse how World War I acted to exacerbate each of these factors thus leading to the emergence of fascism. My conclusion will be that no single factor can be seen to explain the emergence of Fascism. Instead it was through a process of interaction between these interrelated factors that led to Fascisms emergence. Can any single factor explain the emergence of Fascism? The debate on the emergence of Fascism is one that can be approached by many different scholarly angles. Whilst discussing the emergence of fascism I shall focus on the emergence of fascist states, namely the two most prevalent, Italy and Germany, in the inter war years. The reason being is that these cases at this point in history are the strongest examples of Fascist government. However, when discussing the emergence of Fascism it should also be defined as the emergence of Fascist thought in general. Whilst the argument that
The Significance of Stalinism
Vu Tran-Nguyen [Section B03, Zach Silveira] Final Paper: [MMW 6 - Spring 2004] [26 May 2004] The Significance of Stalinism After the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917, the world saw a rise of the Soviet Union in Russia; a state that is driven by Marxist ideologies, which claim that "land and capital should be held in common, and their produce distributed...equally" (Russell 9). The Communist party describes the U.S.S.R. as a country led by a "dictatorship of the proletariat" (Russell 26). Once in power, the Communist party of the Soviet Union began to appeal to grand hopes of creating an egalitarian society in which the social power of the proletariat was established. The party imagined in the Soviet Union the destruction of class society, public ownership of property, the abolishment of the capitalist system of exploitation and oppression, higher standard of living among the Russian citizens, and the end to social and racial inequality (Brower 8,18). In 1928 Stalin began the vigorous policy of the Five-Year Plan. This period is also known as Stalinism. According to Stalin, the Five-Year Plan was "a five-year plan of building a socialist society" (Stalin 64). This plan included tremendous increase in heavy industrialization, the process of collective-farm and state-farm movement, and, consequently, the destruction of capitalist ownership (Stalin 63-64). Stalin
The Chinese defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5 was a major shock for the Qing Dynasty. Given what you know about the situation in China or Japan at the time, do you think this defeat was inevitable? Justify your answer.
Q2: The Chinese defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5 was a major shock for the Qing Dynasty. Given what you know about the situation in China or Japan at the time, do you think this defeat was inevitable? Justify your answer. The Sino-Japanese War (SJW) was fought between China and Japan over the strategic importance of Korea. The war broke out after Japanese troops, which had been sent to crush the 1894 Tong Hak Rebellion, refused to leave despite being obliged to do so by the 1885 Li-Ito Convention. The SJW ended in a swift defeat of China and symbolized the degeneration of the Qing Dynasty (QD, 1644-1911). It also showed how successful Japan's modernization was since the Meiji Restoration (MR, 1868-1925) compared with the Self-Strengthening Movement (SSM) of China. Besides the problems inherent in the SSM, the Chinese were "doomed to failure" due to lack of coordination and foresight, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Firstly, the SSM, which aimed to "learn the superior technique of the barbarians to control the barbarians"1, was a disappointment. However, Japan's reason for modernization during the MR was to strive to be on an equal footing as the West, which was sadly, not China's goal. The SSM was only to control the foreigners, not to create an Industrial Revolution for China, unlike what Japan did. Therefore, this meant China had a higher
Critically Assess Jinnah's view that India was made of two nations.
Critically Assess Jinnah's claim that India was made of two-nations Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is seen as the founder of Pakistan was earlier in his career an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim politics and member of the Indian National Congress in the 1920's.1 However, in 1934, after a period of exile, he radically shifted his ideas, became leader of the Muslim League and pushed the demand for Muslim Separatism.2 In March 1940 he put forward the two-nation theory that was used as a basis for his demand for Pakistan and the creation of a separate Muslim state within India.3 He believed that India was made of two nations, those of Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims formed a minority group in India, and he believed that they deserved a separate state that would satisfy their needs. However, whether this two-nation theory was valid and successfully put into practice is controversial. In order to fully assess Jinnah's claim for a separate state, an examination of the background leading up to the two-nation theory and the 1930's and 1940's in India is required. This idea that India was made up of two nations was not something new. Its roots lie in the late 19th and early to mid 20th Century in the form of the Aligarh movement and kali fat movement.4 Sayeed Ahmad Kahn, who was the leader of the Aligarh movement, was the first person to express this idea.5 The Aligarh movement was set up
Bataan presentation.
Hollywood To 1950's Bataan presentation Today we are going to be discussing the film Bataan. We are going to be giving a quick run down of world war two. Then a more detailed description of the war of Bataan. We are going to be talking about the propaganda around the time. The Japanese and there death camps plus the success of the film and the studio. The Bataan Peninsula which was previously known as Vataan in the 1950's is located southwards from the western shores of central Luzon. Around 80% of Bataan is mountainous and hilly. Bataan has two main seasons, it is dry from November until April and wet from May to October. World War Two started in 1939 and lasted six years finishing in 1945 with over 55 million people dieing. The sides separated like this. Germany, Italy and Japan against Britain, France, USSR, China and from 1941 onwards the USA. The war started in 1939 when Britain and France declared war after Hitler invading Poland two days earlier. During 1940s ? Rationing started in the UK ? German forces overwhelmed Belgium, Holland, and France ? The British Expeditionary Force evacuated from Dunkirk ? British had victory in Battle of Britain which forced Hitler to postpone invasion plans During 1941 ? Hitler began Operation Barbarossa, which was the invasion of Russia ? Allies took Tobruk in North Africa and resisted German attacks ? Japan attacked
Why and When did Fascism Loose Support Among the People and Discontent Become Visible?
Why and When did Fascism Loose Support Among the People and Discontent Become Visible? The real rise and fall of the Italian fascist regime spans the period from around 1936 to its actual fall with the deposition and arrest of Mussolini on the 25th July 1943. With the signing of the Axis of Power in 1936, Mussolini appeared to have secured Italy's position as a fascist power, independent of Germany and Hitler. The following years saw a heavy and deliberate attempt at the fascistisation of the Italian people targeting education and the youth. In Mussolini's words he wanted to form a nation of "masters". The Italian nation had showed itself prepared to tolerate moderate fascism. However already the war in Ethiopia had been unpopular, coming heavy on the heels of the Wall Street Crash and Depression of the early 1930s. In October 1935, openly defying the League of Nations, Italy attached Ethiopia without declaration of war. The war lasted seven months, by the end of which the Ethiopians were over-ruled and annexed as an Italian province. However Ethiopian resistance continued and Mussolini attempted to quash the people action such as the execution in February 1937 of 30,000, many of whom included the young and educated. This action failed to impress the Italian people and was heavily condemned by the Catholic Church. It was a clear display of true fascist principles,
The History Of Poland
Poland is located in Central Europe, to the east of Germany. It is slightly smaller than New Mexico. Poland is named after the Slavic tribe, Polane. The word polane in Slavic means field or plane. This describes Poland's terrain. Most of Poland is covered with small planes and gently rolling hills. Towards the south Poland is covered in mountains. Historically, Poland was an area of conflict because of its flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain. Polish is the official language of Poland. It contains a number of dialects, in between Polish and German or Ukrainian. The Polish language is written using the Latin alphabet. In Poland during the mid 1900's more than forty Polish cities had a population of over 100,000 inhabitants. Five major cities have a population of over 500,000. Warsaw is Poland's capital and by far has the largest population. During most of Poland's history, Poland was a highly multiethnic society which included Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Jews and Germans. Territorial changes after World War II however, changed the countries ethnic makeup. Today Poland has a relatively small ethnic diversity. 97.6% of Poland's citizens are Poles, 0.6% are Ukrainians, 0.5% are Byelorussians, and 1.3% are German. There are also small communities of Slovaks, Czechs, Lithuanians and Russians. There are 10 million Poles living outside of
account for Mao's rise to power
Account for Mao's' Rise to Power Mao's rise to power was down to may factors just as the weaknesses of the GMD and Chiang Kai-shek that brought corruption, un-organisation and hyperinflation, helped the communist's to appeal to the people of China, as did the events of the Chinese Civil War, that showed off Mao's clever use of guerrilla warfare, and his inspirational leaderships skills. As well as Mao's cult of personality formed form his peasant upbringing and the renowned Long March , as well as his ideology of Land Reforms and being a man of the people, all contribute to Mao Zedong's rise to power. In 1925 Chiang Kai-shek became leader of the GMD, as a consequence to this Mao and the Communists retreated to the Jiangxi province where they set up the Jiangxi Soviet. Furthermore between the years of 1928-34 the Communists (CCP) recruited peasants into the Communist party. The GMD made frequent attempts to destroy the CCP in Jiangxi; therefore Mao's decision was to move to Yanan. Consequently, this led to the legendary Long March in which the CCP marched 6000 miles, crossed 11 provinces, 18 mountain ranges and many deserts. Whilst marching, they where constantly attacked by GMD forces, and fought 15 pitched battles along the way. 100000 men set out on the Long March but only 20000 survived it. The significance of the Long March was that it secured relationships
Which of the following did most to undermine peace in the 1930s?
Which of the following did most to undermine peace in the 1930s? a) The Abyssinian crisis b) The remilitarization of the Rhine Land c) The Spanish civil War. During the 1920s, feverish attempts to establish a long-lasting peace were made all around the world. However, these were dilapidated by the consecutive events that followed though out the 1930s.Three events in particular, namely, the Abyssinian crisis (1935/1936), the Remilitarization of the Rhineland (March 1936) and the Spanish civil war (1936-1939), severely undermined the peace and stability of the world, especially in Europe. In my opinion, the Remilitarization of the Rhineland had a substantial impact on the peace in Europe, and out of the three it undermined peace the most. The Abyssinian crisis was a blow to the good work of the League of Nations. Abyssinia, an Independent member of the League was taken over by Italy (a council member), and although the League tried to take action against Italy, the economic sanctions that were imposed on it were ineffective. Britain and France were also unable to prevent the conflict and it was clear (through the Hoare-Laval Pact) that they were more interested in having Mussolini as an ally against Hitler. This damaged the reputation of the League and led to its rapid demise. However, Mussolini was annoyed by the sanctions and increasingly looked at Hitler for support.