The Industrial Revolution.
Brad Crane February 21, 2003 Western Civilization Dr. Kenyon IV. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution in Europe was actually sparked by the "agricultural revolution." Due to the introduction of new crops and changes in other agricultural practices, the agricultural business began to grow (Textbook pg 633). When landlords noticed this growth they began to make the most use of their land in order to make a bigger profit. One way in which they did this was to "enclose" the common lands. The enclosure movements occured when the landlords kicked farmers off of common land in order to raise sheep and cattle there (Textbook pg 633). When this took place, many farmers were left without jobs. Most of these farmers sought out work in the countryside as spinnters, knitters, and weavers (Textbook pg 634). This lead to the "putting-out system." The putting-out system took place when entrepreneurs "put out" raw materials that the individual workers, mostly farmers that were kicked off of the common lands, finished by weaving and spinning (Textbook pg 634). This in home labor helped many of the farmers out by giving them a second job to fall back on when the lands that they would normally be farming were out of season. Another reason that many people were getting into the business of cloth and other finished products was the rise in overseas trade. The rise in
The holocaust.
The holocaust Anti-Semitism has been around for a long time. Hitler didn't invent it, he just took it to the extreme. He said that 'Germans and other northern European were 'Aryans' a superior race Jews were not considered Aryans they were inferior and could pose a threat to the uprising of the nazi party. Gypsies mental handicapped and homosexuals were also considered inferior. But the main threads were the Jews. No people had ever suffered like the jews did In ww11 during this period of six years six million Jews were killed and a million of them were children. Jews were killed on average of 1 every 30 seconds. The Jews suffered not because they were a threat to any one but simply because they were Jewish and because they were Jews they were categorised as inferior. Hitler said that they Jews threatened every thing that threatened the future of the 'master race' There were quite a few Jews that held high positions in Germany but Hitler claimed that they were uncommitted and were more concerned with their religion. Holocaust means 'total destruction by fire'. Over 30,000 Jews were sent to concentration camp the worst of these were auschwitzin Germany and sobibor in Poland. Many of the inmates of the camps were used for medical experiments. Often without anaesthetics. Most of the inmates died, however an elite few did manage to escape. The holocaust was mass destruction,
The Holocaust
Jenny Neal World Religions Period 4 2/9/02 The Holocaust The Holocaust, which took place during World War II, was the state-sponsored killing of six million Jews, half of those being children and teenagers, by the Nazi regime. If you had a distantly related Jewish family member, you were considered a Jew, and therefore you must be killed. Before beginning the war in 1939, the Nazis established concentration camps to imprison Jews, other victims of ethnic and racial hatred, and political opponents of Nazism. During the war years, the Nazis and their collaborators created ghettos, transit camps, and forced-labor camps. It was no secret that Hitler had talked since the early 20's, in his book Mein Kampf, about the "Jewish question." He fed on the centuries old anti-Semitism in Europe. The Jews were the killers of Jesus, it was thought, and they practiced blood rituals that involve the sacrifice of Christian children. The Jews were the greedy parasites who lived outside the Christian body, but fed on it by their immoral business practices. In Hitler's modern variety, Jews were responsible for the disease of communism and had "stabbed Germany in the back" during WWI and the Versailles treaty. The "Jewish question" was how to get rid of them, how to cleanse Germany of this "vermin." He promised he would achieve racial purity in a greater Germany once he had power and Germans
The Holocaust
The Holocaust During the Holocaust, millions of people fled into hiding, were forced into concentration camps and ghettos, and many were killed all because they were considered "inferior" to Germans. Hitler and the Nazi Regime took it into their owns hands to create a "superior race" by killing, torturing, and exterminating not only Jewish people, but also Gypsies, Polish, Slavs and those who had mental or physical disabilities (Florida Center for Instructional Technology, 2005). The Nazis also targeted people not only for who they were but for what they did including "Jehovah's witnesses, homosexuals, the dissenting clergy, Communists, Socialists, asocials, and other political enemies" (Florida Center for Instructional Technology, 2005). During the holocaust, 11 million humans were killed by the Nazis but of the few who survived their experiences as well as written documents recovered from the time of the Holocaust are the greatest key to understanding the horrific crimes that were committed against humanity during that time. Those who were lucky enough to escape the ordeals of being carted to labor and concentration camps were still unlucky for they had to find ways to hide so they were not killed by Nazi soldiers. There were many struggles and difficult obstacles for those who went into hiding. They had to first find a place to hide. Many dug small caves under their
The partition of India
The partition of India The British were in India from the early 17th century to the mid 20th century. Britain set itself into India due the East India Company, established on 31st December 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I, which was the beginning of a new era of trading. During the 17th century EIC built and established themselves within four cities in India they were Surat, Mumbai, Madras and Calcutta. Over the years the EIC became a monopoly for trading and became well reputable when it took over India. In this essay I am going to look at the reasoning for why India was partitioned and also look at the conflicts and aftermath due to the partitioning of India. The foundation of the separation of India came from the continuous hatred between Muslims and Hindus and Sikhs. 'Serious riots erupted between Hindus and Muslims around Patna in Bihar, in eastern India. These 1893 disorders, which led to Muslim deaths' (Stein 1998) These riots were 8 years after the first meeting of the Congress 1885. The reasoning behind this was due to Hindus saving Cows from Muslim slaughter houses. Another attributes of why India became separated in 1947 was due to the discontent in many states such as Punjab and Bengal. 'Another reason for the growth of swadeshi sentiment among Punjabis was the increasing tension between Muslims (who were half the population in that province) and both Hindus
The league of nations
The League of Nations was set up in 1919 directly after the First World War, which acted as a deterrent for future conflicts of that nature happening again. The powers, which had been in war against Germany met at Paris to discuss the terms, which they would impose upon the beaten enemy1 "The seat of the League was established at Geneva"2 , Switzerland was a neutral country, which hadn't been involved in world war one. It was the idea of Americas President Woodrow Wilson. The league had 4 main aims firstly to encourage co-operation, Secondly disarmament, the idea was to disarm the world's country of weapons, thirdly to improve social conditions; control diseases and improve people's living standards and finally the leagues main aim, which was to have world peace. The League fundamentally failed in its aims because of a lack of military strength, failure of two strongest powers America and Russia to join, the internal disorganisation and the rise of dictatorships in Europe. The League was successful however in solving the problems in smaller nations like Bulgaria, Greece and Finland. This essay will look at the successes of the league, the failures and will conclude with a general argument of both. The most important factor that can be seen to limit the success of the League of Nations was the lack of military enforcement .The League of Nations did not have its own army
Marxist Political Thought.
Josh Golladay Essay #3 Marxist Political Thought Gramsci and Lenin both had conceptions of the domination that is inherent in pre-capitalism and capitalist societies, the prospects for socialist revolution, and the roles of intellectuals and unions in that revolution. They both foresaw the same ultimate goal, being the utopian "paradise of workers" that is a socialist or communist society. However, Gramsci and Lenin differed in many ways in their views regarding the path and means by which the proletariat would overthrow capitalist society. Gramsci's method was more peaceful and gradual, but Lenin called for an immediate, violent rebellion. They also held very different views on the role of intellectuals, unions, and parties in society. Antonio Gramsci, through his ideas of hegemony, explains the social and political domination that exists in pre-capitalist and capitalist societies. It explains the perseverance of the capitalist mode of production. It expands on the idea that social and political domination by the ruling class is obtained by controlling this mode of production. Gramsci believes that the ruling class must also have hegemony to preserve capitalism, and therefore, their dominance. This concept of hegemony is essentially the consent of the proletariat and lower classes to be dominated and ruled by those in the bourgeoisie. This consent is achieved by
The French Revolution
The French Revolution The French Revolution brought about great changes in the society and government of France. The revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, also had far-reaching effects on the rest of Europe. It introduced democratic ideals to France but did not make the nation a democracy. However, it ended supreme rule by French kings and strengthened the middle class. After the revolution began, no European kings, nobles, or other privileged groups could ever again take their powers for granted or ignore the ideals of liberty and equality. The revolution began with a government financial crisis but quickly became a movement of reform and violent change. In one of the early events, a crowd in Paris captured the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison, which had become a symbol of oppression. A series of elected legislatures then took control of the government. King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, were executed. Thousands of others met the same fate in a period called the Reign of Terror. The revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte, a French general, took over the government. Background. Various social, political, and economic conditions led to the revolution in France. These conditions included much dissatisfaction among the lower and middle classes, interest in new ideas about government, and financial problems caused by the costs of wars. Legal
the french revolution
To what extent could Louis XVI is blamed for the French revolution? Louis XVI (23 August 1754-21 January 1793) was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French from 1791 to 1792. Suspended and arrested during the Insurrection of the 10th of August 1792, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of treason, and executed on 21 January 1793. His execution signaled the end of the absolutist monarchy in France and would eventually bring about the rise of Napoleon. There are conflicting views about his conviction. Not only is it believed that he was guilty and deserved to be guillotined in front of a cheering crowd on 21 January 1793, but a divergent view is held, outlining how his intentions were good but the circumstances were. But to what extent was Louis XVI really to blame? One of his disadvantages was his age when he became king as he ascended the throne at the age of twenty; he was of average intelligence, but was not overly concerned with the running of the country. He was known for his love of reading English, a language he taught himself to be able to keep informed on the history, culture and politics of England. Though his mother especially disliked his hobby, it was common for him to understand the current affairs of England more than his foreign minister and because of his love for oceanography; he was also well informed on
The French Revolution.
The French Revolution The French Revolution was based mostly on the Third Estate's desire to obtain liberty and equality. France's social system was set up in such a way that it was only a matter of time before a revolution took place. The economic classes of France were set in three estates. The first estate was the church, or clergy, the second estate was the nobles, and the third estate consisted of peasants and the uneducated. France's economic system allowed for the highest taxation of the third estate while the clergy members were exempt from taxes, and the nobles paid little or no taxes at all. People who are starving and can barely afford to survive can only pay so much before they refuse to pay anymore. It is not suprising that the third estate was driven to immediate action with Louis XVI's demand for higher taxes. Ideas of liberty and equality sprang up with the onset of the American Revolution and paved a way for the third estate to change France's system of government. Philosophes such as Voltaire spread ideas of reform that excited the peasants to believe there was a chance for a better life. Along with the social causes of the revolution, economic and political events brought about the desire for change as well. Economic conditions such as poor harvests made the price of food rise to such high prices that half a worker's wages were spent on trying to feed the
