'A modest proposal could be read by an insensitive reader as a cruel, inhuman, and perfectly sincere proposal. Where and how does Swift indicate that it must not be taken at face value? Where and how does he indicate his own true feelings and opinions?

A MODEST PROPOSAL ESSAY: _____________________________________________________________________ Q: 'A modest proposal could be read by an insensitive reader as a cruel, inhuman, and perfectly sincere proposal. Where and how does Swift indicate that it must not be taken at face value? Where and how does he indicate his own true feelings and opinions? _____________________________________________________________________ A Modest Proposal, being ridiculous, confronting and sarcastic, could not be read sincerely. The author, Jonathan Swift, disgusted at the treatment of the poor in Ireland, uses techniques such as language, tone, imagery to contrast and emphasis of ideas, in this satire, to reveal his own true feelings and opinions. Ridiculous solutions are offered to the reader to highlight the problem of the poor in Ireland. The language Swift uses in 'A Modest Proposal' is both legal and technical. The progression of ideas changes from simple to bizarre. In the opening, Swift adopts the language of finance and exchange. The language offers early indication on the way the author's proposal reduces human beings to statistical entities, animals, or economical commodities. However, at times, this argument sounds almost reasonable. The depersonalising vocabulary is used to illustrate the way the British treated the Irish." I have found them grossly mistaken in their

  • Word count: 1020
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Gulliver's Travels, Original Sin and the imagery of size

The diminutive insect Gulliver's Travels, Original Sin and the imagery of size SWIFT HAS SOMETIMES BEEN seen as a champion of liberty. In his essay 'Politics vs Literature', however, George Orwell took a different view. 'Swift,' he wrote, 'was one of those people who are driven into a sort of perverse Toryism by the follies of the progressive party of the moment.' At best Swift was 'a Tory Anarchist, despising authority while disbelieving in liberty.' At worst he was a reactionary, opposed not simply to sham science, but to all science, and even to intellectual curiosity itself. Orwell also portrays Swift as a hater of the human body and an authoritarian. 'In a political and moral sense,' writes Orwell, 'I am against him, so far as I understand him.' Yet no sooner has he written these words than he goes on to declare that Swift 'is one of the writers I admire with least reserve' Orwell presents his riven view of Swift as an example of his own sound judgment. His assessment of Swift's political outlook is, I believe, in some respects just. Yet if we consider Orwell's essay sceptically it begins to seem as though he is in a great muddle about Swift. He writes that he is against Swift 'so far as I understand him'. But does he understand him? There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that he does not, and that his difficulty in understanding Swift has been shared by a large

  • Word count: 6653
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Characteristics of Neoclassicism in A Modest Proposal

Characteristics of Neoclassicism in A Modest Proposal The idea that is suggested in Jonathan Swift's essay, A Modest Proposal, is hardly a modest idea at all. In his own way, Swift used many Neoclassicism elements to offer a solution to the problems in Ireland's society. Swift proposed that children should be fattened up and sold for food. With his use of reason as a way to solve society's problems, Swift also combined satire and the use of the public to let his ideas be known through writings in Neoclassicism style. All together, Swift's idea is solely based on reason, an element of Neoclassicism. He put all emotion aside when manifesting the proposal of devouring children for money. He says, "...and it is exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the clothing, of many thousands" (Swift 282). With this statement, Swift used the fact that the parents of these children are too poor to raise them. So, in order to keep them from being a burden, they should make them useful to society, instead. Swift only considered what makes sense, and not how the actions would effect anyone emotionally. He used only reason and no emotion throughout the

  • Word count: 827
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Today’s Special: A Plate of Swift Served With A Generous Portion of Satire.

Today's Special: A Plate of Swift Served With A Generous Portion of Satire. Jonathan Swift's, Gulliver's Travels, has been widely analyzed by scholars, and is indisputably one of the greatest satirical works of the human condition ever written. This is especially evident when one examines the Houyhnhnms in part four of the Travels. Two scholars that provide interesting interpretations are Alan Bloom and David Ward. While each attempts to develop individual ideas about the Houyhnhnms, each follows a predetermined theme. They seem to ignore the idea that Swift is one of the most talented writers of the 18th century - encompassing satirical themes that penetrate deeper than the simple, surface interpretations. This paper will deal with a concept undeveloped by these scholars; the notion that Swift, through the Houyhnhnms, and Gulliver's interpretations of them and the Yahoos, is not simply presenting a satirical look at civilization as a whole. Upon closer examination, one finds that Swift actually exposes the absurdity of the notion that there could be a perfect civilization. Swift demonstrates that regardless of mans perceived attitude, he will always trample uopn those that he considers beneath him. He does this by examining the Houyhnhnm's idea of slavery, their placement of women in society and their treatment of the lower class Yahoos. To help develop the

  • Word count: 1969
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Cannibalism – the Last Taboo

CANNIBALISM - THE LAST TABOO The purpose of this assignment is to compare and contrast the highly individual views of two authors on their interpretation of cannibalism and how they use their writing to put across their views. Cannibalism is defined as the eating of any animal by another member of the same species. It can serve as a means of genetic control by irradiating the weaker member of the species or a mechanism for population control when food sources are short. It is very rare in the civilised human species but it has occurred in modern society usually as a result of extreme necessity in isolated surroundings. A Modest Proposal was a satirical political pamphlet written by Jonathan Swift, the Protestant Dean of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, in 1729. Swift wrote many political and religious works in addition to his great literary classic Gulliver's Travels and on his death was revered by Protestants, Catholics and Presbyterians throughout Ireland. Although he was born an Englishman and initially hated Ireland describing it as "this vile country", he grew to love it and its people. Much of his writing was directed against the social injustices inflicted on the Irish people by their English masters. Alive is a contemporary novel written by English Catholic author Piers Paul Read. It is based on true incident, which happened in 1972, when a plane carrying a

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Discuss satire in Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels - Part IV.

Jennifer Zaino Eng 8/ Sec 1 Prof. Rosenblum Researched Analysis Essay ~ First finished paper In Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels - Part IV ("A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms", satire is one of the genres that is used. Swift uses satire to show the flaws of humanity, and the flaws of society. The 'Yahoo' that exists within each of us is demonstrated and is an attack on the essence of man and how man, in the form of the horse-like Houyhnhnms, could be elevated to reach his ultimate potential. While the man-like Yahoos desire "power and riches," and suffer the "terrible effects of lust, intemperance, malice and envy" (Swift 249), the Houyhnhnms find these flaws so alien that Gulliver has great difficulty even making them understand the concepts. Man is not a reasonable creature because the want of power and money gets in the way of rational thinking, and of what is right and wrong. One of the many attacks that Swift directs at society is that man must lie and twist the truth to get what he wants. The "faculty of lying, so perfectly well understood, and so universally practiced among human creatures" (Swift 247) was totally foreign to the Houyhnhnms. Lying undermines the very purpose of speech-to make us understand one another. In his effort to explain European mankind to these noble creatures Gulliver is made by Swift to satirize his own society. Must men

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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The world of Pope's satires

The world of Pope's satires Despite the fact that Pope made most of his money from subscriptions to his Classical translations, it is for his sharp and gritty satires that he is best remembered and justly revered. It is these that proved most entertaining and that, in literature, remained pertinent personal accounts of social history. During the Restoration and 18th Century satire was a popular generic choice for those writers who wanted to pass comment on some issue of contemporary life whilst still practicing their art. By definition satire is Œthe use of ridicule, irony, sarcasm etc. in speech or writing for the ostensible purpose of exposing and discouraging vice or folly¹. Satire is then necessarily didactic because its aim is to realign its target with a particular ideal from which the satirist believes it to have strayed. This definition alone though is not enough to help us define and examine why Pope delighted in this particular genre and why he used it as a vehicle for his political and moral beliefs. Satire is distinct from pure didacticism because of its ability to entertain; Complaint and teaching alone...do not themselves make satire...satire at all levels must entertain as well as try to influence conduct... (by) the joy of hearing a travesty, a fantastic inversion of the real world. An inversion such as the realm of the Queen of Dullness in the Dunciad.

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Gulliver does not Yahoo: He Houyhnhnms - An Analysis of Gulliver's Travels, Part 4.

In Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Part 4, Gulliver arrives at the land of the Houyhnhnms, intelligent equine-like creatures who rule the land. Also inhabiting the island are the Yahoos, human-like creatures who serve the Houyhnhnms and are incapable of learning. Unlike his first three voyages, he becomes quite comfortable in Houyhnhnm society, and adapts quite well to the lifestyle of the Houyhnhnms. Throughout this voyage, Gulliver learns a valuable lesson in humanity. Realising the distinct similarities between Yahoos on the island and Humans in European culture, Gulliver becomes disgusted with humans and the human society. Upon his arrival, Gulliver first comes into contact with the Yahoos. Gulliver thinks that the Yahoos are offensive and bestial; he feels strong antagonism towards them. He then meets the masters of the Yahoos, Houyhnhnms, who are rational and intelligent horses with a highly developed method of communication. Their initial assessment of Gulliver was that he was a Yahoo, but due to his clothing, his dislike for the food that Yahoos love, and his ability to learn to pronounce words in the Houyhnhnm language, they determine that he is not a Yahoo. Furthermore, Gulliver requests not to be referred to by that name, and the Houyhnhnms consent. Gulliver engrosses himself in the Houyhnhnm culture and eventually learns to speak the language.

  • Word count: 784
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Satirical Pre 19th century Poetry

How have poets over the centuries used satire to comment on their times? John Skelton, Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope wrote three of the most satirical poems of the period before 1914, they have become renowned for their poetry and for deriding people and societies of their time. Satire is the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices or a literary miscellany, especially a poem ridiculing prevalent vices or follies. A mock epic is a form of satire that adapts the elevated heroic style of the classical epic poem to a trivial subject. The methods utilised to satirise people, places and communities have changed over the centuries and the texts have become more satirically obvious. Numerous literary devices are applied to create the satirical poem called Speke Parott by John Skelton in 1521. Personification is literary technique utilised to ridicule Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, the character whom Skelton has directed all derision. Personification is shown in line 43, 'My lady masters, Dame Phylology,' which is incarnating the study of language as a grand woman. This gave the illusion that intelligence made people higher is social hierarchy; thereby being adept at a number of different languages people may be of an elevated rank. However, as Skelton portrays recurrently throughout the poem, this ostensibly intellectual

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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The importance of the Fens as a surrounding context in Graham Swift's Waterland

The importance of the Fens as a surrounding context in Graham Swift's Waterland In Waterland the Fens play a vital role, they become an insular environment that appears to have little connection with the real world. They introduce many themes and motifs that recur throughout the novel, illustrating emotions and psychological states, and because they act less as a geographical setting than as an active force, their status is enhanced to that of a character in the novel. The majority of the novel is set in the Fens. I believe the Fens as a surrounding context are crucial in the novel, their importance is illustrated by the immediacy with which Tom Crick introduces the reader to the location of the story, just seven lines in he says ' we lived in a fairy-tale place. In a lock-keeper's cottage, by a river, in the middle of the Fens.' The juxtaposition of imprecision, 'a fairy-tale place', and exactness, 'in a lock keeper's cottage...' immediately establishes the setting as both a place of imaginative freedom, and a place of historical investigation, again illustrated a few pages later by the phrase, 'a fairy-tale must have a setting, a setting which, like the settings of all good fairy-tales, must be both palpable and unreal.' The juxtaposition introduces the reader to two different literary styles that Swift interweaves throughout the novel, the first being the lyrical,

  • Word count: 3167
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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