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?????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?. ????? (? ?????????? ? ?????????) ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? 2007 ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ???????-???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???????????????????? ????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ???????????, ? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? (???) ? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????, ? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ????????????? ?. ?????. ???????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????: 1. ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????-?????????? ? ?????????, ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????. 2. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ??? ? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? (?????????? - ??? ??? ?? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ????????????

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Comparing Julian Barnes A History of the World in 10 Chapters to Elisabeth Wesselings descriptions of the postmodernist historical novel

A Voyage through History Comparing Julian Barnes’ A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters to Elisabeth Wesseling’s descriptions of the postmodernist historical novel A.M. Hoogenboom - 9628525 Doctoraal scriptie Engelse Taal en Cultuur – augustus 2005 e begeleider: dr. P.C.J.M. Franssen 2e begeleider: dr. R.G.J.L. Supheert Cijfer: 7 Table of Contents 2 Preface 3 . Introduction 5 2. The Historical Novel: From Scott to Postmodernism 8 The Origination of the Historical Novel 8 Imitation and Emulation 10 The Passing of Scott’s Popularity and other Changes in the Literary Field 12 Changes in the Early Twentieth Century 15 The Development of Alternatives 16 From Modernism to Postmodernism 18 Postmodernist Self-Reflexivity

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Consider George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-four from a Marxist perspective.

Jon Kinsella Theoretical & Critical Perspectives 15/2/2012 Consider George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four from a Marxist perspective. In Nineteen Eighty-four, Orwell purposely challenges the set of pre-established notions about class consciousness held in Marxism to accentuate his own socio-political values. Marx and Engels assert in their Communist Manifesto1 that, “Its [the upper class/bourgeoisie’s] fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable” and that “[The] organisation of the proletarians into a class, and consequently into a political party, is continually being upset again by the competition between the workers themselves. But it ever rises up again, stronger, firmer, mightier.”2 Marx and Engels’ clearly believe, in any oppressive and despotic society, the working class will ultimately become conscious of how it is being exploited and spark a revolution. However, in Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell presents us with a unique situation, which purposefully and distinctively contrasts to that perspective by representing the working class ‘Proles’ as no threat whatsoever to the upper class “Inner Party” and “Big Brother’s” continuous totalitarian regime. “It is an abiding characteristic of the low that they are too much crushed by drudgery to be more than intermittently conscious of anything outside their daily

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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The Woman In White and the birth of the detective novel.

WILKIE COLLINS. THE WOMAN IN WHITE AND THE BIRTH OF THE DETECTIVE NOVEL A/ The detective novel and the interactive nature of literature, culture and society Indeed, the Nineteenth Century saw the rise of the detective novel. W.P.Day1, quoting Albert D.Hunter2, points out that it "coincides with the appearance of real detectives and police forces" a point which reinforces "the interactive nature of literature, culture and society". The crime novel, or detective novel, is thus, said to be the product of modern life. a) The transport revolution and the creation of the Metropolitan Police The novel of the Eighteen-Forties corresponds to an evolution in people's taste. One of the most important reasons for this evolution is the extraordinary change brought about by the transport revolution, which was indeed the paramount economic event of the age. The building of the railway system drew thousands of men away from the country into the towns. The hundred of miles of line opened by the end of 1850 "produced a tremendous acceleration in the whole tempo of human affairs"3, and upon the travelling habits of Londoners. This increasingly urban and industrial society was posing new problems which were quite beyond the capacity of the old local institutions. Inefficiency and danger could no longer be endured. Thus, the government decided to intervene "anxious to secure a better

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  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Micro Water Management -The Concept, Methods of Intervention And Experience at NBTDP.

A Report on Micro Water Management - The Concept, Methods of Intervention And Experience at NBTDP by Professor S. B. Roy, Chairman IBRAD, Calcutta Introduction The last half of the 20th century was characterised by unprecedented changes and irreversible trends in natural, technological, social, economic and political factors that have affected human life in radical ways. This when combined with population explosion, urbanisation, industrialisation and economic development exerted high pressure and demand on natural resources, most notably on water resources. We need to have an efficient and effective management of our water resource as its demand has increased with the rise in the population growth and the rise in pollution. Firstly comes the policy support and legislation of the country, the attitude and capacity of the state, the local bodies and the local self government to operationalise the rational use of water. Different stakeholders are involved in the different aspects of the water management like that of irrigation, domestic and industrial supply, flood control and so on. Secondly, the interrelationship between the land and water should be viewed as SYSTEM and water as part of the planning process. Thirdly, research and development programmes need to be undertaken on a range of activities like that of water conservation, water quality management, pollution

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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The Thematic Parallels Between Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov

Chelsea Greenlee Dostoevsky 0 August 2011 The Thematic Parallels Between Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov Between the years 1866 and 1880, Russian author and philosopher Fyodor Dostoevsky completed several renowned novels, including Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Demons, and The Brothers Karamazov.1 In each of his novels, Dostoevsky examines and interprets several social, physical, mental, and emotional situations and conditions which he believed to both influence and shape the nature of humanity. His theories concerning the causes and effects of these situations are evident throughout each of his works. Despite the fourteen-year gap between when he wrote the first of his novels, Crime and Punishment, and the last, The Brothers Karamazov, the parallel thematic elements in Dostoevsky's writings remain constant. Both The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment contain corresponding central themes including the motivations and psychological consequences of murder, the suffering of children and the foundation of that suffering, and the effects of the influence and the manipulation of money. Furthermore, Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov also represent the theories of philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, concerning his interpretation of Dostoevsky's works as "polyphonic novels," which contain multiple voices in a dialogue of "polyphonic truth."

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  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Compare and contrast the writers' presentation of Gatsby and Heathcliff.

ENGLISH LITERATURE A2 UNIT 5: LITERARY CONNECTIONS COURSEWORK: COMPARING TEXTS COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WRITERS' PRESENTATION OF GATSBY AND HEATHCLIFF Fitzgerald's novel 'The Great Gatsby' is a short American tale arising out of the jazz age during the 1920's. It is full of love, expectations and ultimately loss. The eponymous Gatsby is, as the title suggests, the focal point around which Fitzgerald presents his story, through the narrator Nick Carraway. In much the same way that 'The Great Gatsby' was a product of its era, Bronte's 'Wuthering Heights' is largely a result of the romantic movement that was sweeping Europe, intellectually and artistically in the late eighteenth to mid nineteenth centuries. The focus on freedom, emotion and the individual come cross strongly during the novel, with the protagonist, Heathcliff's name conjuring images of the wild Yorkshire moors in which the tale is set. Bronte implements the use of a narrator in her novel. The role is split between the pompous Lockwood and the pragmatic servant Ellen Dean (Nelly). Lockwood's judgement, and therefore Bronte's presentation of character through him, is made doubtful to the reader by a series of blunders. An example being where Lockwood, upon encountering Heathcliff's dogs: 'indulged in winking and making faces at the trio' after previously being warned 'to let the dog alone'- showing that he

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Daniel Defoe.

Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe was a member of the lower middle class, a Dissenting Protestant, and a staunch political activist, all of which contributed to a lifelong sense of alienation and embattlement. He suffered his share of ups and downs, falling into severe financial and legal trouble in mid-life. Having been twice imprisoned himself, Defoe had a first-hand knowledge of the social underworld he describes in Moll Flanders. Because of his class status and religious affiliation, Defoe was in some respects an outsider among the literary figures of his generation. He was educated, but in a practical vein; he did not receive the classical education that informed the careers of Pope and Dryden, for example. Moll Flanders was not a novel that enjoyed great success at the time of its publication; the coarseness of its subject matter alienated many potential readers. It was for later centuries to appreciate the nature of his achievement in this book. Though some 19th- and 20th-century critics have belittled Defoe's technical achievements, he currently enjoys a strong literary reputation and is counted by many contemporary scholars as one of the key figures in the early development of the novel. The full title of Moll Flanders gives an apt summary of the plot: "The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders, Etc. Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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Judith PughMarking Tutor: Mark Brown To what extent are writers also detectives in the novels you have studied?

Judith Pugh Marking Tutor: Mark Brown To what extent are writers also detectives in the novels you have studied? The crime and the detective novel and their conventions have changed considerably over the last century. As societies have changed, these genres have adapted and branched out to meet the needs of writers attempting to express new concerns. Edgar Allen Poe's detective novel, The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) follows conventions we would now consider to be traditional in mystery writing. Bearing a close resemblance to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, we find a detective who relies on reasoning and deduction to solve a mystery that to all intensive purposes appears unsolvable; a locked room mystery such as Doyle's The Speckled Band (1892). In America, between the world wars, emerged the 'hard-boiled' private eye novel, featuring tough private investigators, often themselves outcasts from society. Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett are examples of authors from this school of detective fiction. After the Second World War there was increasingly a feeling that literary fiction was an inadequate means of accurately describing the horrors of the modern world. 'New journalism' emerged, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe non-fiction novels by authors such as Truman Capote. His true crime novel, In Cold Blood (1965) is one of the texts

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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While no major events take place in the opening chapter of Ulysses, it remains an important one because it introduces the elements that will play out as the novel continues.

While no major events take place in the opening chapter of Ulysses, it remains an important one because it introduces the elements that will play out as the novel continues. In relation to the rest of the novel, the opening chapter raises a series of questions that the reader expects the remainder of the novel to build on. The full significance of many of these events are not apparent in the opening chapter, but they reveal their importance as the novel progresses. These elements introduced include the characters of Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus, the major problem of Stephen Dedalus, and the setting. Each of these will now be considered in turn, both describing how they are presented in the opening chapter, and how this links to the remainder of the novel. Joyce also highlights the relationship between Mulligan and Stephen: In the opening chapter of Ulysses Mulligan links his arm in Stephen's....both listed as characters for the Telemachus episode on one of the Ulysses note-sheets, an indication of the importance Joyce attached to Stephen's association of the two companions.1 Buck Mulligan is the first character introduced in the Telemachus episode, he is the flatmate of Stephen and in many ways, represents an opposite to Stephen. He is extroverted, has little self-awareness or conscious, and appears to be much better off with this character than Stephen is with

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Linguistics, Classics and related subjects
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