The Press Systems of Zambia and South Africa after 1994.
Normative Press Theories and The Dark Continent: The Press Systems of Zambia and South Africa after 1994 . Introduction "Show me a government that is satisfied with its press, and I will show you an autocracy. Show me a press that is satisfied with its government, and I will show you a lifeless and ill-informed people." * Ben Bradlee, editor of the Washington Post, October 1996. The following essay is an account of the orientation of the press system, found within the countries of South Africa and Zambia. Generally, the state of a countries press system varies with that of the countries government's ideology. From the latter half of the twentieth century; these two countries undergo various and significant changes in their political systems, having a prominent effect on their respective press systems. Through a brief history; by examining the two countries press laws and analysing case studies; this essay will explore, define and compare each countries press system. 2. The Normative Models 2.1. Introduction A definition which one should know, before reading on, is that of the normative press model. The normative press model defines what the role of the press is, in society. Fourie(2001: 269) declares that normative press theories are "concerned with the freedom, or restrictions on, the newspaper industry (media) in society". There are four fundamental normative
Myths, Meanings And Movies.
Alastair Stone:012930 Myths, Meanings And Movies Foreword Since the beginning of our time on earth the human race has created stories and myths that have all been created to fulfil certain needs whether it be to entertain, teach or inspire belief. Explorations of these myths, the psyche and dreams by Joseph Campbell, Michael Grant, Mircea Eliade, Jung and many other modern writers has enlightened those creating modern stories to look back to the roots of storytelling for their inspiration and basis. Examples of Myth and both inward (psychological exploration) and outward (physical exploration) Journeys can be found on the big screen. Obvious examples can be found in Hollywood blockbusters such as Gladiator, The Matrix, Seven, Thelma & Louise and The Wizard Of OZ. All of these movies have extremely archetypal characters and clear paths of journey e.g. To Rome, Conquer the matrix etc but they offer us much more than just what you can see on the surface. The movie I have chosen to explore with reference to the aforementioned texts is The Big Lebowski. The film was produced in 1998 by Ethan Coen, was directed by Joel Coen and written by both the two brothers. There are many reasons why I love this particular Coen black comedy but I think it is some of the subtleties that stand out for me. Interestingly it was actually the eighth biggest UK box office grossing film of 1998. The
Report of media coverage of Pan pharmaceuticals recall and its implications for ACCM
Report of media coverage of Pan pharmaceuticals recall and its implications for ACCM Prepared for the directors of ACCM Written by Practitioner David Stone 02 June 2006 -i- Executive Summary: The issue that has emerged and been tracked over the past five months has been the Pan Pharmaceuticals recall. The impact on ACCM has been analysed, conclusions reached and recommendations made. The modes of researching this issue have been the articles pertaining to the issue retrieved from mass media sources in order to determine the direct (or indirect) influence of the media on ACCM and its publics. Specifically, newspaper articles have been obtained from major general newspapers from Australian and international locations via the LexisNexis database. The publics identified being complimentary health users, those who used complimentary medicines before issue arose, sceptics of complimentary medicine, the therapeutic goods administration, major supplement manufacturers: Cenovis, Nature's Own, Natural Nutrition, Bio-Organics and Golden Glow. Pharmaceutical manufacturers that also produce supplements such as Sigma and Mayne, not withstanding the Therapeutic Goods Administration. The article files and summaries presented in the body of the report have enabled us to identify the messages that have been disseminated towards the publics in which ACCM has a vested interest in. The
Kenneth Branagh's Dead Again - film review
Kenneth Branagh's Dead Again revisits genre conventions from an earlier time to entertain a 1990's audience with high suspense of a kind different from current fashion. It tells a story using typical elements of film noir, influenced in particular by the style of Alfred Hitchcock. It dabbles interestingly - if not always convincingly - in these elements, and in Californian American life and culture, achieving a freshness and novelty that made it a surprise minor success, particularly in the USA. The narrative structure of the film is quite complex. It weaves a complicated web, in some ways similar to Alfred Hitchcock's great classic Vertigo (1958). Dead Again is a return to the psychological suspense thriller genre of the 40s and 50s in which Alfred Hitchcock was pre-eminently the master (films like Notorious, Strangers on a Train, Rear Window and Psycho ). In several instances it pays tribute to Hitchcock's skills and strives for the mood to be found in Film Noir. The story takes on classical narrative form in the way both the Roman/Margaret and Mike/Grace stories develop. Mike Church, a Los Angeles private detective, is asked by Brother Timothy of St. Audrey's School (where he himself grew up) to help investigate the identity of a mute amnesia victim who was found in the school grounds. So it is that Mike meets Grace, the other main 1990's character. Newspaper photographs
Exploring the concept of genre - The Others.
Jenna Wright DJA3 Exploring the concept of genre - The Others. 'Stated simply, genre movies are those commercial feature films that, through repetition and variation, tell familiar stories with familiar characters in familiar situations. They also encourage expectations and experiences similar to those of familiar films we have already seen' (Barry Keith Grant, 1995) That is the fundamental theorem of the majority of genre studies. The audience's expectations are met within genre films due to familiar elements being fused together, enhanced and manipulated to create something new and different. Despite 'genre' being the correct term for classifying a certain film it is primarily used by film critics, historians and theorists, generally audiences don't tend to refer to this word, instead they are just aware that they are drawn to specific types of films. It is useful to group films into categories of genre, which is defined as a style of art or literature, as there are so many released into the UK every year. This then allows there to be contrasts and comparisons extracted from films that are within the same group. Or, on the other hand, it is made possible to analyse a film when compared to different groups, this has a fair few benefits, one being that attempting to decide the criteria for grouping films encourages us to study them closely. When referring to 'The
This paper examines the influence that media has on adolescent females feelings towards their place in society, sexuality, self-esteem and body image.
Literature Review of Media Messages to Adolescent Females Submitted By: Debi Naigle Submitted To: Dr. Rick Schwier Class: EdCmm 802 / Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Educational Technolgy Due Date: Saturday, February 12, 2004 ________________ Abstract Research shows that media play a dominant role in influencing females’ perceptions of the world around them, as well as helping them to define their sense of self. This paper examines the influence that media has on adolescent females’ feelings towards their place in society, sexuality, self-esteem and body image. Areas for future research and possible solutions to some of the problems mentioned are also addressed. Time of Adolescence Adolescence can be a confusing and unsettling time for young adults. Changes to their bodies, their interests, and their social relationships cause them to question who they are and how they fit into the dynamic and confusing world around them. They question their place in their family, with their friends, with their teachers, and with others around them. This is a time of increased self-awareness, self-identity, self-consciousness, preoccupation with image, and concern with social acceptance (Slater & Tiggemann, 2002). Adolescents are trying to discover and solidify their senses of self and their roles in society. Adolescence can be a period marked by severe
Technology and Isolation.
Technology and Isolation Technology is all around us. No matter which direction you turn, you cannot escape the intrusion of technology into your life. From indoor plumbing to the Internet, technology has greatly enhanced and improved our day-to-day lives, yet all of these improvements have not come without cost. It can be argued that as technology continues to develop the risk of individual isolation continues to develop as well. Paul Virilio wrote, "Every technology produces, provokes, programs a specific accident... The invention of the boat was the invention of shipwrecks. The invention of the steam engine and the locomotive was the invention of derailments. The invention of the highways was the invention of three hundred cars colliding in five minutes. The invention of the airplane was the invention of the plane crash. I believe that from now on, if we wish to continue with technology (and I don't thing there will be a Neolithic regression), we must think about both the substance and the accident..."1 These few words sum up the very need to come to the realization that isolation is becoming an unintended risk as technology advances. In his book, "The Rise of The Creative Class", Richard Florida states; "In virtually every aspect of life, weak ties have replaced the stronger bonds that once gave structure to society . . .. Instead of communities defined by close
Zee Television Network.
ZEE TELEVISION NETWORK Zee Television Network started with the small screen, but with big resources behind it. There's technology worth millions, many years of experience of futuristic vision and a unique viewer insight. As India's largest and only fully integrated media and Entertainment Company, Zee has proved its ability as well as its ambition. In this spirit it has kept over 225 million viewers across the globe informed and entertained. Zee is all set to consolidate this success on the small screen and target the media world with big ideas Zee has established itself as a household name as a channel that specializes in serials. There are some of the best serials in the industry that Zee broadcasts and has gained popularity among South Asians. Zee also has some local production of programs like 'Sa Re Ga Ma' and 'Mausam'. Zee also has Pakistani programs like Pakistan Business Week and Pakistan News Link. Friday is a religious day for followers of Islam and Zee broadcasts 'The Quran', a religious program for Muslims on this day. Zee TV has become a favorite among South Asians in the US and has gained immense popularity in the first two years of its existence. The subscription numbers exceed 50,000 subscribers and are still growing. With the addition of SET, Zee TV and SET will complement each other and would make an excellent package for South Asians. Zee TV is the numero
Virtual Racism - A New Form of Hate Propaganda
Casey Grooms English 1312 Emmy Perez 9 December 2002 Virtual Racism: A New Form of Hate Propaganda Racism has been around for years and with racism comes a force of persuasion and influence. Manifestations of racism are exemplified through the relocation of American Indians, Japanese Internment Camps, and the enslavement and racist movements against blacks. Now with war or any political engagements or racist movements comes the art and warfare of propaganda. Propaganda is a selfish attempt to manipulate and persuade people in accepting ideas and beliefs in the interest of a person or group to take advantage of society. Propaganda is used to persuade and influence people's minds and beliefs resulting in either to convince them or to advance a step further by taking a call to action. This destructive form of hate propaganda that corrupts, deceives, and influences judgments comes in a variety of forms. According to Montgomery Police Headquarters, hate propaganda manifests itself in many different forms such as the following: > A derogatory pamphlet, flyer or leaflet distributed door to door. > Racial graffiti defacing walls, buildings, sidewalks, etc. > Recorded telephone messages expressing hatred against an identifiable group. (2) These examples are correct in some simple aspects, but wrong in today's society. The forms of propaganda like flyers and
Popular generic texts, according to Annette Kuhn, "are reflections of social trends and attitudes of the time, mirroring the preoccupations of the historical moment" (1990). With reference to a genre of your choice, discuss the validity or otherwise o...
Popular generic texts, according to Annette Kuhn, "are reflections of social trends and attitudes of the time, mirroring the preoccupations of the historical moment" (1990). With reference to a genre of your choice, discuss the validity or otherwise of Kuhn's statement. By its very definition Genre is made up of a collection of texts. A genre isn't just born out of one film it is developed by a collective number of texts, all which host a number of similar elements an audience can use to categorise a film. An audience will have certain expectations of a genre film and much of the films success will depend on how well these expectations are met, not just in respect of that single text but in comparison to other 'classic' texts considered within that group. Genre can be simplistically defined as a neat way to archive particular film texts, due to the themes, characters and iconography presented in them. Genre literally translates to "type" and the American studio system have used genre as a way of producing and marketing what they would call a product to a particular audience, whether it be a western a musical or gangster film. In terms of raising finance for a project it is easier for the producer to pitch a project, if he/she can place their idea in the confines of an already established popular framework and address the codes and conventions associated with that particular
