Explain different psychological approaches to health practice.
Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice. There are six different psychological approaches in psychology. I have talked about these in great detail in my previous assignment P1, I will now discuss the different psychological approaches to health practice. The six psychological approaches are; Behaviourist perspective*, Social learning theory, Psychodynamic perspective, Humanistic perspective, Cognitive perspective* and the Biological perspective. The behaviourist perspective is all about believing that learning has occurred when you can see the changes in behavior. The behavioral learning model is the result of conditioning. Conditioning suggests that a reward following a desirable response acts as a reinforcer and increases the likelihood that the desirable response will be repeated. Reinforcement is the most important part of the behaviorist approach. A paediatric nurse in a healthcare setting provides reinforcement at each step of the process. For example, when a child is having to get a blood test done and is afraid and refusing to do so calmly, the nurse will look for a positive behavior and then gives the patient immediate reinforcement by saying, “you are such a big boy, well done!” or “you did an excellent job with that!”. Another time the behaviourist theory is used
Compare and contrast two psychological approaches
Compare and contrast two psychological approaches The purpose of this assignment is to compare and contrast the following psychological approaches Behaviourism and Psychoanalysis, in doing this we will unpack the key points of these two approaches, highlighting the differences and explaining them. One of the main psychologists in recent history is John B. Watson (1878 - 1958). Watson was responsible for creating Behaviourism by developing on theories discovered by earlier psychologist Pavlov (1849 - 1936). This phenomenon had a profound effect on how psychology developed. The general assumptions of the Behaviourist approach show that it relies on the study of objective and observable behaviours and does not take into consideration any internal thoughts or feelings. Basically, behaviourism is the study of the relationship between a person's environment and their behaviour whilst ignoring the internal thoughts and feelings of the individual. The Psychodynamic approach is a stark contrast. This approach was developed by Freud (1856 - 1939) in the 1890s in Vienna and looks at the internal conflicts within a subject's unconscious mind to create theories on the subject's personality development. It also allows treatment for psychological disorders based on these theories. In effect, Behaviourism and Psychodynamic approaches are polar opposites of each other in the techniques that
Describe and Discuss Two Alternative Psychological Approaches To Abnormal Behaviour
Anne Bingham Health and Welfare (Abnormal Behaviour) DESCRIBE AND DISCUSS TWO ALTERNATIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR The word psychology is derived from two Greek words, psyche which means mind, soul or spirit and logos which means study. When the two are put together it means 'study of the mind', hence the word psychology. Different psychologists take different approaches towards abnormal behaviour. The main four approaches are: psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive, humanist. None of these approaches are either wrong or right, they are merely just different ways of dealing with different people's problems. We will concentrate on two of these approaches: cognitive and psychodynamic and look at the therapies involved in treating patients with various psychological abnormalities, and the therapists who helped develop the approaches. The cognitive approach concentrates on changing the way a person thinks about themselves or their environment and other people. Cognitions are a combination of faulty thoughts and the incapability to make good decisions, which lead to depression and anxiety. By changing the way people think and see things, alters their whole perspective on life and therefore makes them better. Optimistic people are less likely to become depressed as they look on the bright side and envisage everything around them as being good or there
Discuss and evaluate the different social psychological approaches to understanding human aggression?
Discuss and evaluate the different social psychological approaches to understanding human aggression? Stuart Salter 0094891 Introduction Understanding aggression is not an easy task as this cannot be achieved from a specific approach. When aggression manifests itself, it can have either positive or negative implications. For example, it may be attacking behaviour that is self-protective or self-assertive. It could be to the infliction of injury toward oneself or toward others. Aggression can also be debated as to whether it is biologically determined or the product of learning and environmental influences. In this essay, I will discuss and evaluate different social psychological approaches to understanding human aggression. Theories to consider include instinctive, frustration-aggression hypothesis, and social learning. Theories Sigmund Freud stated that aggression is an instinctive biological urge. According to Freud this instinct, is made up of two aspects: the libido (pleasure instinct) and the thanatos (death instinct). Instinct is present in the id from birth, at first the aggression is relatively uncontrolled, but with the development of the ego and superego it becomes directed into socially acceptable behaviour. These impulses need to be released in controlled manner; otherwise they soon build up to levels capable of producing acts of violence. When released, the
Psychological Approaches in The Care Setting
Rebecca Evans Thursday 11th February 2010 Psychological Perspectives in Health and Social Care Assignment 1: Psychological Approaches in The Care Setting Learning Outcomes:- . Understand psychological approaches to study. 2. Be able to apply psychological approaches to Health and Social Care. As part of this assignment, I aim to describe the application of behaviourist perspectives in health and social care. I will then go on to describe the application of psychodynamic perspectives in health and social care. Finally, I will analyse the contribution of different psychological perspectives to the understanding and management of challenging behaviour. Task 1 P1) * Describe the principles of Operant Conditioning in health and social care and use these principles to explain why a child has persistent tantrums. This type of learning was first developed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner, an American Psychologist who worked mainly with rats and pigeons discovering main key principles of learning new behaviours using the now famous "Skinner box", he was able to condition the animal to adapt to behaviour patterns. The box contained a lever, which when pressed produced a food pellet into the box. Initially, when the rat for example, was released in the box, it would run around
Describe psychological research on offender profiling and Evaluate psychological research on offender profiling.
Offender Profiling (model essay) a) Describe psychological research on offender profiling b) Evaluate psychological research on offender profiling c) Suggest how offender profiling can be used to help police officers in their enquiries (illustrate your answer using one case study on offender profiling) According to Holmes & Holmes (1996) there should be three main goals of offender profiling, these are to provide the police with basic information about the characteristics of the offender such as age, race, personality, employment and marital status, to suggest any possessions the offender may have that would associate him with the crime scene (such as souvenirs the police may want to search for) and to provide interviewing strategies and suggestions the police may use when questioning a suspect. The American approach to developing a profile of an offender has been developed from an initial sample of interviews with 36 convicted serial sexual murderers, combined with detailed information from crime scenes from members of the behavioural science unit. The FBI collated all this information and developed a classification system for serious offenders, where offenders are said to be either organised (crime planned, few clues left) or disorganised (unplanned haphazard crimes, randomly selected victims). A list of characteristics typical of an organised murder scene and
P3 - Explain different psychological approaches to social care practice.
Unit 8 P3- Explain different psychological approaches to social care practice. (Using scenario three you will need to explain the value of the humanistic and cognitive approaches to health and social care service provision.) Humanistic perspective Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) developed hierarchy of needs as he believed we are all seeking to be the best we can be which he called the self-actualisation. There are five stages an individual needs to follow starting from the bottom up the hierarchy. * Basic physical needs: * Safety and security needs: * Love and emotional needs: * Self-esteem needs: * Self-actualisation: As a social worker I have been given a patient Paul and by the information provided I feel he is lacking required needs from Maslow theory. According to B Stretch M Whitehouse BTEC health & social level 3 (2010). I feel Paul’s physical needs are not met because he carries heavy baggage everywhere he goes and he has a dishevelled look which may mean he is homeless or he is lacking stability. This is also shown in his physical appearance as he does not shave and he had a rough and scruffy look. As this could be a problem I will need to pay him a home visit to ensure he has a roof over is head and he has food and warmth as required for all individuals. If Paul does not have a stable home i will need to provide him with a home so his physical needs are met.
Outline and evaluate one or more psychological approaches to one eating disorder.
Outline and evaluate one or more psychological approaches to one eating disorder. (25 marks) In an attempt to explain obesity and the failure of diets, many studies have shown that restrained eating may be the cause of overeating and weight gain. The Restrained theory was developed by Herman and Mack (1975) as a way to explain both the causes and consequences associated with the restrictions of food intake. They suggested that attempting not to eat often increases the chances of the individual overeating. However it is found that people are also told that restraint is a solution to weightloss and excessive eating. This can often enough lead to failed diets leaving the individual feeling depressed about their inability to control their weight. Although, Ogden (1994) suggested that obesity may not be caused by overeating, overeating may be a consequence of obesity if restraint is recommended as a treatment. She also suggests that if trying not to eat leads to overeating then how do anorexics manage to starve themselves? This then raises the question as to whether there are other contributing factors as to why obese individuals can not restrain their food intake and maintain a diet without eventually overeating. Research such as Kern et al; suggest that for some people, dieting will always be difficult due to a genetic predisposition of obesity. Restrained eating is
P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice and managing phobias.
P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice: In this assignment I will be explain how two different psychological approaches understand and manage phobias. The phobia I will be using to give examples is the phobia of needles. The Behaviourist Perspective: This perspective can be used to get over a phobia by using Skinner’s theory, Operant conditioning. Operant conditioning can be used when trying to shape someone’s behaviour on something. This is when you are trying to create a new behaviour of something and getting rid of an unhelpful behaviour. Phobia of a needle: If a patient wanted to get rid of their phobia of needles they can do this in two ways, either with positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. For example, their first step of getting rid of the phobia may be holding a needle and if they have done this then they may get rewarded by treating themselves or getting praises from someone (positive reinforcement). Whereas if they didn’t hold the needle then they may get scolded by someone which may leave them feeling upset and make them think they are not capable of holding a needle; this may make them want to prove the person wrong and then hold the pin (negative reinforcement). Their next step may be to hold an injection and putting it slowing into a doll to show how the nurses will be doing it safely. If they do this then
The contents of this essay will explain different psychological approaches to health and social practice
Leah Skinner100102206Donna Croasdale Applying Psychological Perspectives The contents of this essay will explain different psychological approaches to health and social practice; compare two psychological approaches to health and social care provision; and conclude with an evaluation of the two approaches. For numerous individuals, consuming alcohol is nothing more than a pleasant way to relax and socialise with relatives and companions. Individuals with alcohol use disorders, conversely, consume alcohol to excess, endangering both themselves and others. This essay will explain how differing psychological perspectives aid individuals with alcoholism and differing conditions to recover by applying the approaches. (American Psychological Association, 2012) Individuals with alcoholism (alcohol dependent) have lost reliable control of their alcohol use. It does not concern the type of alcohol and individual consumes, or the quantity in which they intake: Alcohol-dependent individuals frequently do not have the capability to stop drinking once they begin the consumption. Alcohol dependence is characterised by tolerance (the need to drink a greater quantity to achieve the same "high") and withdrawal symptoms if drinking is suddenly discontinued. (American Psychological Association, 2012) The Behaviourist Perspective and Health Care Practice The behaviourist perspective
