A comparison of Fluvial and Glacial Sediments (deposits) In the Glen Rosa area of Arran.
Geography coursework A comparison of Fluvial and Glacial Sediments (deposits) In the Glen Rosa area of Arran The aim of my investigation is to 'compare the Fluvial and Glacial sediments in the Glen Rosa area'. I will use a variety of experiments and methods to collect my results. My investigation will be based on proving these hypotheses are correct. I hope to show that: * Fluvial sediment will be generally smaller than glacial sediment. * Fluvial sediment will be more rounded than glacial sediment. To provide evidence of these hypotheses I will look at river sediment on the fluvial slip off slope and compare it with that of a glacial deposit in the form of a terminal moraine. Slip off slope; The slip off slope Terminal moraine; I will also be considering; The difference in B Axis length, Roundness, Sediment composition and Sorting. I expect the glacial deposits to be more angular than that of the fluvial deposits because the rate of erosion is different. In fluvial erosion the rocks are in constant erosion from frequently colliding (attrition) with other rock material. I would expect more edges of the rock to be rounded because the chances are they would have been knocked off. The glaciated deposits however, I would expect to be more angular because they collide less. I am going to collect a range of results which will hopefully provide evidence that my
With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of the atmospheric energy budget. Discuss the influence of the energy budget on the climate of deserts.
92.1 With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of the atmospheric energy budget. Discuss the influence of the energy budget on the climate of deserts. Our globe is not getting hotter or colder so the atmospheric energy budget should be balanced. Such balance is achieved through the same amount of energy inflow and outflow by the radiation budget and heat budget. The process is complex and it played a significant role in influencing climate of different areas of the earth, for example, the deserts. The process of the atmospheric energy budget can be divided into 2 main groups, the radiation budget and the heat budget. Firstly, the atmospheric energy budget could be judged in terms of the short wave radiation. 50 units of radiation would be able to pass through the atmosphere and reaches the earth. This is the first stage of the process of the atmospheric energy budget. Secondly, after accumulating enough energy in the ground, 113 of them will be radiated from the surface with 107 absorbed by the atmosphere. 97 units out of the 107 units will become counter-radiation and it would be reflected back to the ground. As a result, the net gain in longwave radiation in the atmosphere would be 10 units. On the other hand, 22 units of latent heat would be transferred from the surface when water evaporates, together with the 10 units of sensible heat transfer, energy gain from
Global Warming
Science is used to explain everything nowadays, however the same theory can be analysed from many points of view, it can be manipulated. We have to be clear, objective, take science as what it really is and not what some people want it to be. So lets talk facts. Imagine a car, imagine you are going too fast you press the brakes to slow down, then you are going too slow so you press the accelerator. This is known as a negative feedback. Now imagine someone comes and changes your pedals so that the accelerator pedal is on the brakes place and vice versa. Then when you are going too fast you will accelerate even more and when you are going too slow you will decelerate due to the brakes. This is known as a positive feedback. Nature is intelligent; when tectonic plates move apart somewhere else they move towards each other, this way the Earths surface is always the same size. Then logically nature will react with a negative feedback, yet the computer models used to predict the future temperatures and climatic changes are based on a large positive feedback. That doesn't seem right does it? It seems even worse when satellites records, which are thought to be a reliable piece of evidence, prove that climate is dominated by a negative feedback and that the response to doubled, even quadrupled carbon dioxide emissions is minimal. Keep this in mind when you listen to those fools who
Global Warming
Global Warming The air quality of our atmosphere has been in drastic changes in the past century. Industrial revolution has cause major harm to our environment. Pollution, dumping toxic wastes into our ocean, and releasing harmful gases and sprays into the atmosphere. These are some of the cause of global warming so dangerous in the world's environment. We should take more action towards global warming before it's too late. What is Global warming? Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate (Global). Population growth, deforestation, and pollution have increased by a large margin from twenty, forty, or even a hundred years ago. Since the Industrial Revolution, machines have changed the way life we lived. Before the Industrial Revolution, human activity released very few gases into the atmosphere, but now through population growth, fossil fuel burning, and deforestation, we are affecting the mixture of gases in the atmosphere (Global). It is imperative that we, the people, take action on our dying environment, for the future of our kids and generations to come. Unless steps are taken to stop this progression of events, and even in spite of such steps, the vast majority of the evidence shows that the Earth will continue to grow warmer, with widespread and even catastrophic results. How did we find out what
Travel Writing.
English Coursework - TRAVEL WRITING By Daisy Townsend July 2003 The sun beat down on my forehead. It was incontrovertibly hot here, the south cost of Jamaica. The golden sun was at its strongest with its strongest with its hot rays beaming down on the little village of Jenena. 'Jenena', or in Greek, the place of searing and glow', certainly lived up to its meaning. The temperature was soaring increasingly higher as the day grew. I fanned myself with my left hand, and created a cool breeze that slipped away and was replaced by the intense heat almost instantaneously. I then glanced around and took in my surroundings. Beautiful. Absolutely stunning. There were few words that did Jamaica justice; it was simply indescribable. I'd been for here for almost a week now, the area still seemed refreshingly new - each day felt like a new opening. I didn't want to leave; instead I had decided I could quite contently stay here in this paradise for eternity if it were not for the intense heat that often left me feeling smothered and breathless. Around me, on several of the walls, were some pots that hung from silver chains. Inside each one was a striking arrangement of flowers; there vibrant colours of effervescent pinks and vivid purples against the creamed walls. Not like England, I reflected with amusement, where the buildings were dark and dreary, often matching ominous sky
Jet streams
a) What are jet streams? (5) Jet streams are a series of high speed currents of air that circulate the Earth at heights of about 10-15 km above the Earth. They are found at the tropopause, this is the transition zone between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Jet streams form near boundaries of adjacent air masses with significant differences in temperature eg. the polar region and the warmer air from the South. The path of a jet stream is meandering. There are two major jet streams north of the subtropical latitudes, the weaker subtropical jet stream and the polar jet stream. Both jet streams are most commonly found between latitudes 30°N and 60°N, the subtropical jet stream is located close to latitude 30°N. b) Examine the factors influencing the global pattern of surface and upper air circulation (20) Within the atmosphere there is a complex global pattern of circulation. Air moves both vertically and horizontally and in different directions at different altitudes. The unequal heating of the Earth's atmosphere at different altitudes influences the global pattern of surface and upper air winds. At the equator, intense solar radiation causes high temperatures here. Air is heated, which in turn makes it expand and rise. This air then flows outwards towards the poles at high altitudes. However, near the poles the temperature is much colder. Therefore, air tends to
Personal and Imaginative Writing - My Trip to Sacramento
Zahid Rasul 14th September 2003 Personal and Imaginative Writing My Trip to Sacramento The cool fresh air blowing past you was simply amazing in Sacramento. I had three weeks of pure excitement and luxury. My holiday started with a warm lively welcoming from my cousins, at the airport. The journey from San Francisco airport to Sacramento was horrendous. The traffic was furious and there were rages and people very inpatient blasting their horns like maniacs. The noise was deafening! One thing, which I spotted straight away when I was getting into the car, was that the driver seat was on the left where as in England it is on the right. Once the traffic passed our journey began. San Francisco had beautiful scenery, this made me imagine what Sacramento would look like, and I couldn't wait to get there. Once we were on the motorway it was very relaxing and I couldn't seem to believe I was in America. My cousins and me started talking, and a little while after we headed to Sacramento I fell asleep in the car, as I got no sleep in the aeroplane. The time difference obviously got to me, but I was sure after a while I would get used to it. When I woke up I found myself in a quite area, which was peaceful, unlike the traffic in San Francisco. My cousins told me I was minutes away from their house and that we had
Tornados remain a frightening fact of life for those of us in the Midwest. These powerful acts of nature
Tornados "Dorothy lived with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry on a small farm in Kansas. Their tiny house stood alone on a large, flat prairie. Dorothy had only one friend, her dog Toto. He was a small black dog who loved to jump and play. One day while Dorothy and Toto were playing, they heard the awful sound of a storm. The wind roared and the dust blew smoky circles in the air. Dorothy was frightened. Uncle Henry stopped working and shouted, 'There's a cyclone coming, run for the cellar!' " Tornados remain a frightening fact of life for those of us in the Midwest. These powerful acts of nature can wreak havoc on everything in its path of destruction. Tornado, twister, funnel, and cyclone: all are synonyms for the awesome force, which has intrigued and puzzled scientists for years. A tornado is the most violent of all storms. It is a violent rotating column of air extending from within a thundercloud or a developing thundercloud down to ground level. Tornados can vary in diameter from tens of meters to about two kilometers with an average diameter of approximately 50 meters. In the northern hemisphere, winds of the tornado generally blow counterclockwise around a center of extremely low atmospheric pressure. In the majority of tornadoes that occur in the southern hemisphere, winds blow clockwise. The peak wind speeds can range from 75 mph to almost 300 mph. Some of the
Urban Micro-climates
Geography - Atmospheric Systems Essay a) Outline the characteristics of urban heat islands. (5) First and foremost the urban heat island can be defined as an effect whereby inner city areas tend to have higher mean annual and also higher winter minimum temperatures than the surrounding rural areas. The differences in heat usually become more substantial towards the centre of the urban areas. Heat is given off by factories, vehicles and home, all of which burn fuel and produce heat which aids the urban heat island effect. Also urban surfaces, such as concrete and tarmac, absorb substantial amounts of solar radiation before releasing it during the night. This occurrence therefore attributes to the much higher night time temperatures found in the centres of urban areas. Smog and pollutants found in the urban areas form a pollution zone which allows short wave insolation to enter, however the smog consequently traps the outgoing terrestrial radiation as this is of a longer wavelength. Falling precipitation in urban areas is quickly removed from the surface by the efficient drainage systems in place in the urban areas, the result being that more energy is retained in the atmosphere. The temperature variations existent in urban heat islands are even more significant in the winter, due to the greater addition of domestic heating systems to the atmosphere. In general, there are
In the experiment mimicking extratropical cyclones, how does the apparatus represent the atmosphere of the Earth? Point out the essential elements of the analogy as well as the elements that are neglected.
In the experiment mimicking extratropical cyclones, how does the apparatus represent the atmosphere of the Earth? Point out the essential elements of the analogy as well as the elements that are neglected. The apparatus is composed of a center pot of ice which represents the north pole or the polar ice caps. There is also surrounding enclosure of room temperature water that forms a donut like enclosure around the pot of ice to represent the Earth's atmosphere, while the warm water on the outermost surrounding enclosure represents warm tropical waters from the tropics. This is done to represent the strong temperature gradient in the air near the surface. The middle layer of room temperature water has many features that are similar to the Earth's atmosphere-like its ability to transfer movement and heat. The whole apparatus is rotating counterclockwise to represent the Earth's rotation in the northern hemisphere. This apparatus shows that Earth's atmosphere has varying degrees of temperatures and rotates, two elements that are vital to the development of an extratropical cyclone. The movement of the water is meant to simulate the jet streams in the atmosphere. The use of the rotating camera over head that moved in the same direction and speed as the turntable was essential to give a clearer demonstration the movement of the water as the jetstream. Elements that are neglected
