business coursework discussion
Discussion From conducting the experiment on reconstructive memory I have found that in condition 1 participants recalled their sentences more accurately than participants in condition 2. The reason for these findings is that in condition 1 participants were asked to recall the short story immediately after reading it, therefore the story was still clear in their memory, and therefore there was less reconstruction of their story. Whereas in condition 2 participants were asked to recall the story 24 hours later; on this condition participants did not know that they were going to have to remember the story in great detail, so when recalled most participants remembered very little, as the story wasn't stored in their memory. The experimental hypothesis for thus experiment was that participants in condition 1 would recall more accurately than participants in condition 2. The results for this experiment supports the experimental hypothesis, this hypothesis was supported by the measures of central tendency from the results, as the mean for condition 1 was 4.5 whereas in condition 2 the mean was 1.5 therefore in condition 1 the results showed that participants remembered the story more accurately than condition 2. Also the mode for each conditions support the hypothesis; as for condition 2 the mode was 0 and in condition 1 a bi modal mode was found which was 3 and 5, this shows
I Am Concerned About Becoming An Effective Classroom Teacher I believe that with being a teacher comes great responsibility
I Am Concerned About Becoming An Effective Classroom Teacher I believe that with being a teacher comes great responsibility. A teacher will leave a lasting impression on their pupils, they should be free from any prejudice and treat children as individuals by respecting their backgrounds, religion, disability and race. I am extremely concerned about becoming an effective teacher and many factors contribute to this. This essay will highlight my areas of concern and how my initial thoughts have developed during my placement. My areas of concern include planning and executing enjoyable lessons. They also include the strategies I observed the teacher using to mange behaviour in the classroom which is essential for the smooth flow of the day. Confidence is a factor which I feel improves every time you teach, and if lessons are well planned and subject knowledge is secure a teacher would automatically begin to feel confident. I am also concerned about classroom organisation and the implementation of routines. I observed many examples of set routines which the school follow, this is the responsibility of the teacher to enforce and then keep consistent. These are all attributes or responsibilities of an effective teacher and this essay will explore them and discuss possible ways of improving or developing them. I have also included my experience regarding assessment and the
Why Did the British Government decide to evacuate children from Britain's major cities in the early years of WWII?
Britain in the Second World War The Evacuation of British children Why Did the British Government decide to evacuate children from Britain's major cities in the early years of WWII? The evacuation of Britain's cities at the start of World War Two was the biggest and most concentrated mass movement of people in Britain's history. Only Children and teachers were evacuated and were only taken from the likeliest German targets. The first children to be evacuated were taken from their families on the 31st August 1939. In the first few weeks nearly two million children were evacuated. Usually when children were evacuated they went with their school teacher and the children they were familiar with. About 100 000 teachers ended up also being evacuated. Evacuation didn't just happen once in the Second World War their were two major times of evacuation Children were only evacuated from Major cities but deciding what is a major city can be quite controversial. It was not just the highly populated cities that were evacuated; it was also the cities of strategic or military value such as Coventry and Liverpool. The reason why children were chosen for evacuation was because they were of no use to the war effort. It would be a huge moral boost if the parents of the children knew their children were safe and happy in the country. It would also be easier for the emergency services if
Abnormal Behaviour
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR There are many different models of abnormal behaviour, which give different explanations for 'mental disorders'. Here are the different models and brief descriptions of each models theory on 'mental disorders'. * Medical/Neurobiological model - This a biological approach that views mental disorders as a 'illness' or 'disease', which has been caused through physical illness or an imbalance in bodily processes. * Psychodynamic model - This approach was developed by Freud (1915-1918) to emphasize the internal dynamics and conflicts that occur at an unconscious level. * Behavioural model - this theory views abnormal behaviour is learnt in the same way as other behaviour is through stimulus-response mechanisms and operant conditioning. * Cognitive model - this approach looks at how people receive, store, retrieve and process information. The logic behind this model is that the 'thinking' processes between stimulus and response are responsible for the 'feeling' component of response. * Humanistic model - This model views behaviour as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perceptions of the world. OUTLINE ONE MODEL OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR AND CONSIDER ITS STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS. The model I have chosen to focus on is the Humanistic model. The Humanistic model emphasizes that people are able to make choices in
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION AFFECT BEHAVIOUR (LEARNING)? DRAW ON DIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES TO SUPPORT YOUR DISCUSSION
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATION AFFECT BEHAVIOUR (LEARNING)? DRAW ON DIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES TO SUPPORT YOUR DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION The environment plays a crucial role on our behaviour. Environmental Manipulation is about the circumstances, people, things and events around people that influence their life. The purpose of this paper is to prove the affects environment has on behaviour and whether a person's behaviour is determined by their upbringing (nurture) or by their genetic characteristics (nature). The research is important because if we were to find that the way someone is, is controlled by genetic factors then changing there behaviour will be extremely difficult. On the other hand if their social background determined someone's behaviour then it could be far easier to deal with behavioural problems. The essay will begin with the nature-nurture debate. This will be followed by case studies. Learning theories of Piaget and Vygotsky will also be discussed and finally an overall conclusion will follow. NATURE VS NURTURE Nature vs. nurture has been an oscillating controversy in the field of psychology for many years. Does one inherit genes, or does the environment affect one's genes? The basis of nature is the principle that people have their personalities engraved inside their genes, which are inherited from their parents. The basis of nurture is
'Compare and contrast the contribution that behaviourist and psychodynamic theories have made to our understanding of the psychology of human behaviour'.
'Compare and contrast the contribution that behaviourist and psychodynamic theories have made to our understanding of the psychology of human behaviour'. This essay is going to discuss the behaviourist and psychodynamic theories that exist and the arguments for and against them. The behaviourist theory was first introduced by Watson (1913) in what was later to be known as the 'Methodological' form and then redefined by Skinner in the 'Radical' form. The psychodynamic theory was originally introduced by Freud (1900). The modern day psychodynamic approach is largely based on Freud's theories but do include the theories of people such as Jung, Adler and Erikson whose theories are based on Freud's but are not identical. The way I have decided to structure this essay is to describe each theory separately, starting off with a brief history followed by an account of their theories and how they have contributed to modern day psychology. I shall then make my comparisons between the two theories and finally conclude by mentioning some of the criticism aimed at these theories. Behaviourism was born when the introspective theory (observing and analysing the structure of conscious mental processes) validity and usefulness was being seriously questioned. The main person doing this questioning was an American psychologist, John B. Watson. Watson (1913) proposed that psychologists should
IQ and intelligence tests.
A3 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURED INTELLIGENCE Definition of intelligence There are many different definitions of intelligence. There is general agreement that intelligence refers to how effectively we can do certain things: * Acquire information * Effectively think and reason * Effectively deal with and adapt to our environment Binet developed a test of general mental ability in the early 1900's, which he gave to many children. The tasks in the test gradually become more difficult, and Binet was able to gather the average age at which children would be able to complete each task in the test. IQ and intelligence tests IQ stands for 'intelligence quotient'. IQ tests enable us to calculate a childs mental age. For example, if a child passes tasks in the general mental ability test that average 8 year olds pass, but cant pass tasks that an average 9 year old can pass, then the child has a mental age of 8. If we divide the mental age by the child's chronological age, then multiply it by 100, the childs IQ can be found. Therefore IQ can be plotted on a normal distribution, with the score of 100 being the mean average IQ. In order for an IQ test to be effective, it has to demonstrate reliability and validity. If a test is reliable, it will consistently provide the same results. A problem with checking the reliability of IQ tests is that practice effects
Teaching - Core 1 English.
Core 1 English. At my school placement, I am currently working with a year 4 class. I decided to take a differentiated group of eight children out of the class to work with them on a poem, which was called First Day at School by Roger McGough, and evaluate the children's response to and engagement in text. The group consisted of three children from the top set of English, three children from the middle set and two children from the lower set. I told the children that I would read the poem to them first and then I would like each child to read three lines each. When they had read the poem, we would then discuss the poem and I would put some questions to them to make them think about what the poem means. When I read the poem, I used enthusiasm in the language and facial expressions to engage the children and capture their attention. All the children listened carefully to the text, and laughed at the humorous parts. The poem really engaged the children and they seemed to enjoy and understand the poem completely. When the children had read their lines of the poem, the lower set needed some help with their reading, but the middle and top set managed to read the poem very well. I thought it would be a good idea for the children to read the text for themselves, so that I could evaluate how well they read and determine whether they could read with enthusiasm and
Describe and evaluate one or more cognitive development theories (CDT) of gender identity
Describe and evaluate one or more cognitive development theories (CDT) of gender identity Cognitive development theory explains how gender identity develops first and then children pay attention to same sex role models; in comparison to the social learning theory, which in this suggests that children acquire the gender role first and then later develop an understanding of gender identity. The CDT is a theory that has age related critical stages where the maturation combines with the child's interaction with the environment so they can move through the stages. Kohlberg's theory was based on the work of Piaget. He suggested there are 3 main stages to gender identity which were: gender identity, where the child can identify their sex but not aware that it is fixed and cannot change it. (2 - 3.5 years old) gender stability, where the child is aware that their gender is fixed but are largely determined by such things like characteristics e.g. clothes and hairstyles. (3.5 - 4.5 years old) and gender constancy where the child is aware their gender is an unchanging quality. (4.5 to roughly 7). Research that can support this theory was done by Slaby and Frey, where they showed children pictures of boys and girls. The responses were appropriate to Kolhbergs theory and thus supporting CDT. This study has proved to be reliable as it has been similarly repeated and the same results
What is the relationship between words and thoughts? Give examples.
Question: What is the relationship between words and thoughts? Give examples. At first, thoughts and words are not related in any way whatsoever, however, once we look below the surface, some coherence begins to form. In 'Flowers for Algernon' we can see that only as Charlie's vocabulary and phraseology develops, is he capable to ratiocinate at a higher and more convolute level. A child who has a limited lexicon to one thousand words is not able to delineate a sunset in such full expressive detail as an adult who has years of experience and the terminology to portray such a beautiful scene. The child might describe it plainly as ' a lovely scene', whilst the adult could say 'When I gaze upon this pulchritudinous panorama, my heart is filled with an overflowing tranquillity' he is linking a sunset to calm and peace. The child, no less right, is not yet capable of such expressive feelings and thoughts; instead, he would find it very irksome instead of appreciating the true value of a sunset. This shows that it is the language and lexis that determines the level of thought one is able to achieve. Words are not only tools of expressing thoughts, but also the tools that create thoughts. Without a full understanding of musical concepts, we are not able to appreciate and understand the full beauty of a piece, or to think at a level which enables us to appreciate it that way. This
