Discover whether the concentration gradient affects the rate of osmosis in a potato cell.
OSMOSIS IN A PLANT CELL DAVID WILLEY PLANNING Osmosis in a plant cell Aim- To discover whether the concentration gradient affects the rate of osmosis in a potato cell. Basic outline plan- 9 potato cores will be cut to the same size, and weighed. Three will be submerged in water, three in 0.2 molar sugar, three in 0.4 molar, three in 0.6 molar, three in 0.8 molar, and three in 1.0 molar, all of which will have the same volume. One will be placed in cling film and not submerged in any thing this will be the control. They will then all be removed at the same time and weighed. To make sure my experiment is reliable I will do the experiment three times. Apparatus- 6 Petri dishes Potato 4+5 mm potato borer 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 08, 1.0 molar sugar and water Knife Ruler Cutting tile Thermometer Cling film Stopwatch 25cm3 Measuring cylinder Prediction- I predict that the weight of the potato cores will increase when they are submerged in water, and will slowly decline in the rate of increase until they start to decrease when a higher gradient of molar sugar is added. There are a number of reasons why I believe this. The first is due to a prior experiment. In this experiment potato cores were placed in water and 1 molar sugar, and their weights were recorded before and after. The potato core in water gained weight, and the potato core in sugar lost weight. I am led to
Homeostatic Control of Blood Glucose Levels
Adnan Undre Homeostatic Control of Blood Glucose Levels Glucose is an essential substance in the body as it the primary source of energy for all biological functions and is indeed the only form of energy which can be used by the brain and central nervous system. The ideal level of blood glucose is 80 - 90mg of glucose per 100mls of blood. However this level is not static - it oscillates due to changes in the body which are brought about by actions such as eating a meal, exercising, or not eating for long periods. If blood glucose levels drop or rise dramatically there may be serious consequences such as hypo- or hyperglycaemia which can both cause death. Thus it is necessary for blood glucose levels to be regulated and this is achieved through homeostasis. To work effectively homeostasis requires an effective receptor to detect variations from the norm and a negative feedback system where antagonistic processes work to redress any variations as they occur. By examining the mechanisms of the homeostatic control of blood glucose levels it should be possible to explore the consequences of a breakdown of this part of the endocrine system. Essentially, blood glucose levels are controlled by the pancreas. It is in this organ that areas of cells called the Islets of Langerhans exist, which consist of alpha cells and beta cells. These cells monitor blood glucose and secrete the
Diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion and osmosis Distinguish diffusion! Diffusion is about the movement of small particles like molecules and ions. Keep osmosis in order! Osmosis is about the movement of water through special membranes. . Diffusion * Particles in liquids and gases have kinetic energy. They move about, at speed, in all directions. * The particles move about randomly. In an area of high concentration, some of the particles collide with each other, lose energy and slow down. Others will escape from the concentrated area to places where there are fewer or none. Very few particles leave an area of low concentration to go to an area where the concentration is higher. * This creates a diffusion gradient - the result is that particles diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diagram Of Diffusion 2. Examples of diffusion Have a look at these examples of a diffusion gradient.You need to learn at least one example. Place Particles move From To Gut Digested food products Gut cavity Blood in capillary of villus Leaf Oxygen Chloroplast Air spaces in mesophyll Example Particles continue to move from high to low concentration for as long as there is a concentration gradient. For example, the blood constantly removes oxygen from alveolar air spaces in the lungs, provided that there is more oxygen in the alveolar air spaces than in the
Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A
Anthony Hudson 09/24/02/ 8:00a.m. (MPS3)Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A 1-year-old white male patient brought in by mother and father who confirm with Documentation, he was diagnosed at age five with Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A. PARENTS INFORMED: He requires total assistance with daily living skills...i.e.: bathing, dressing, and hand feed him. Tony only sleeps about 3 hours per night; Tony will sit up and bounce on his bed or wander about in his bedroom at night, and will frequently bang on his bedroom window and does hurt him self. At night his head is not protected from injury because he cannot wear his helmet at night due to the strap could choke him. He requires nighttime supervision, because he does fall out of bed many times, parents are currently using pillow props to stop him from rolling out of bed because his safety is an issue, and his parents are waiting for a special enclosed bed from The Vail Company. He gets low blood sugar readings into the range of forties, which requires some ingestion of a sugar-based product. He currently attends public school and is in the fifth grade, Multti-Varing Exceptionalities, level four programs. Mom states, "They use fm system at school for his hearing problem." RECORDS SHOW: Allergy alert to Zithromax. Test results confirm he has low blood sugar reading of 76. She assisted him in drinking
Biochemical Tests for Carbohydrates
Biochemical Tests for Carbohydrates Introduction Carbohydrates take the form of sugars which act as one of three sources of energy for the human body, the other two being proteins and fats, and are also used in the construction of organs and nerve cells. As the name suggests, carbohydrates are hydrated carbon, therefore consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Glucose is simple sugar or monosaccharide, which derives from the Greek monos, single, and sacchar, sugar. All monosaccharides generally have a molecular formula which is a multiple of the empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is the multiple. Below is the monosaccharide ?-glucose, which has the molecular formula C6H12O6, due to the six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms found within it. ß-glucose also has the molecular formula C6H12O6, as does fructose. However, these monosaccharides have differing structural formulas, meaning that they are isomas of glucose as the atoms found within them are arranged in a different manner. This is the case for many molecules, which leads to greater chemical variety, and therefore uses of substances. Monosaccharides can be grouped according to the number of carbon atoms they contain. For example, glucose and fructose are in the hexoses group as they both contain six carbon atoms; hex meaning six. The monosaccharide glyceraldehyde is in the trioses
This piece of investigative work aims to prove, through two different experiments: 1. the water potential of potato tuber cells by the weighing method, and 2. the estimation of glucose in a solution using the colorimetric method.
AS Biology Matthew Cox cox04067214 Introduction This piece of investigative work aims to prove, through two different experiments: . the water potential of potato tuber cells by the weighing method, and 2. the estimation of glucose in a solution using the colorimetric method. In the first experiment, samples of potato, extracted from the same potato using a cork borer, will be weighed prior to the experiment and then weighed again at the end. The aim is to find the water potential of each sample by calculating the percentage increase or decrease in mass and therefore to find which solution is closest to the potato tuber's natural solute potential. The change can be accounted for by the amount of water taken in by each sample. In the second experiment, 10 samples will be tested in order to find how long it takes for an acidified glucose solution, coloured purple by potassium manganate (VII), to clear. The 10 samples were known amounts of glucose solutions, starting at 10% solution reducing by 1% each time. The aim of this was to plot a time-graph in order to estimate the glucose concentration of 3 unknown solutions. This estimation could be made by finding the time on the graph and seeing what glucose concentration crossed the line at that time. Determination of the water potential of root/tuber cells by the weighing method. When a plant cell is bathed in a solution
The Effect Of Concentration On Osmosis In Plant Cells
Eva Elks 11M Biology Investigation: The Effect Of Concentration On Osmosis In Plant Cells Hypothesis: The following factors all effect the rate of osmosis: * Surface area of the tuber * Concentration of sucrose solution * Amount of sucrose solution * Temperature * Time tubers are left in solution -The surface area of the potato tuber will effect the rate of osmosis because The more the surface area, the more osmosis will occur because more water can diffuse because there will be more area for it to pass through. I will control the surface area by making all my tubers weigh the same. This should ensure that they have roughly the same surface area. -The amount of sucrose solution will effect the rate of osmosis because there more solution there is, the more water there will be to pass through e.g. If the solution does not immerse the tuber, less osmosis will occur. -The temperature will effect the rate of osmosis because the particles will move faster in a higher temperature so more will pass through. -The time the tubers are left in the solution will effect the total amount of osmosis because the longer the tubers are left in the solution the more time the reaction has to occur, and therefore the greater the tubers change in weight. In this investigation I will be looking at the effect of concentration of the bathing solution on osmosis in plant cells. I will
Life style Diseases - Diabetes
Life style Diseases-Diabetes Type 2 .Diabetes is considered a life style disease because it is not something you were born with it is something you bring upon yourself, stress, don't enough exercise, eating too much of the wrong foods, pregnancy or family history cause this particular disease. 2. Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. It effects the respiratory system In Type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells neglect the insulin. Insulin is needed for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the primary fuel for the cells in the body, and the insulin takes the sugar from the blood and into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems. One, right way your body cells could be starved for energy or over an amount of time, your sugars levels may harm your eyes, kidneys, nerves or even your hear . There are nearly one million Australians over the age of 25 with diabetes - approximately 7.5% of the Australian population. Although generally people who are over age 45 and largely overweight are at risk. If you have a family history of diabetes, don't exercise on a regular basis. High blood pressure and/or high concentration of fats in a person's blood, or a history of gestational diabetes, which is a form of diabetes occurring in
Comparison of Transport System in Amphibian and Mammalian models
Practical 5 Comparison of Transport System in Amphibian and Mammalian models .0 Introduction Frogs belong to a group of animals called Amphibia that tend to almost always reside in confined habitats near water; making them both terrestrial and water-living animals. They tend to inhibit moist, damp conditions such as swamps and marshes. Frogs have powerful hind limbs adapted for swimming and leaping as their method of locomotion. The webs on the hind feet provide a large surface area for pushing against the water surface. Their eyes have a protective lid and can be withdrawn into the skull while the eardrums are located behind and below the eyes. Frogs have a loose-fitting, thin, moist skin which is supplied with a network of blood vessels. The skin is used for respiration and oxygen is absorbed through its surface and into the blood. The frog's nostrils are specialized to allow respiration while submerged underwater. There are valves that prevent water from entering their nasal cavities. Rats belong to a group of animals called Mammalia that are solely terrestrial. Round circular ears are located on both anterior sides of the rat's head. They have small eyes and the mouth is located below the nose. The rats have a touch sensor system that is known as the whiskers on its nasal region called the vibrissa. As for the neck and body, a rat has a short neck with its body
Osmosis in Living Tissue.
Will Carroll 01 May 2007 Osmosis in Living Tissue Planning Osmosis is the movement of water from a high water concentration to one of low water concentration, through a selectively permeable membrane. The object of this is to even out the concentrations of the solutions, regardless of the volumes of the solutions. Osmosis Diagrams: Plasmolysis: Movement of Molecules The movement of molecules inside a solution of high water concentration is fast, and so they have more chance of getting through the semi-permeable membrane, and changing the concentration of the solution that has a low water concentration. The things that change the rate that osmosis occurs are: * The Concentration * The Surface area * The Temperature The concentration affects the rate of reaction because if one of the solutions is pure water, and the other is very concentrated with sucrose, the rate will be faster as there are more molecules to move past the semi- permeable membrane, so they will move faster. The surface area affects the rate of osmosis because it means that there will be more of the semi-permeable membrane for the molecules to collide with, and penetrate through. The temperature affects the rate of osmosis because it changes the kinetic energy that the particles have, by increasing it, so the particles move faster and have a higher chance of passing through the semi-
