Who should be eligible to receive IVF Treatment?
Who should be eligible to receive IVF Treatment? In Vitro Fertilisation is a conception technique to help couples with infertility problems to have babies. The process usually involves egg being surgically removed from the ovary and is then fertilised outside the womb/body. Approximately six thousand babies are born are born as a result of IVF each year. However, it should be noted that the procedure has an average success rate of only 15%. 1 In most cases Infertility is caused by the woman. The problems are usually with releasing of the egg, fallopian tubes being blocked or any other structural defects of the uterus. The structural defect is usually referred as congenital abnormalities. Problems can also be within the men which include low sperm count known as oligospermia, poor sperm motility or lifespan or in some cases where no sperm cells are produced at all. There are also problems which can be attributed from both the partners are for reasons unknown. For whatever reason IVF can be used to fertilize an egg outside woman's body and then put back into her womb to grow the fertilised embryo normally. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process which is usually done by giving fertility drugs to stimulate the ovaries to develop several mature
The comparison of antibacterial properties of herbal products and standard antibiotics
The comparison of antibacterial properties of herbal products and standard antibiotics Introduction: This is As biology coursework, studying the area of microbiology the main investigation contains the comparison of antibacterial properties of herbal products and standard antibiotics. Aim: The aim is to investigate the effect of herbal products against standard antibiotics on bacteria growth. To examine the extent to which the herbal products (tea tree oil and peppermint oil) and the standard antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), reduce bacteria growth of E.coli and M.luteus. This will be discovered by measuring the growth of bacteria on the agar plates and comparing the results. Background information: The proposed aim surrounds the study of bacteria growth and various other products, which can have an affect on the growth rate; it is therefore necessary to look deeper into the topic criteria to get a wider understanding and to help design an appropriate hypothesis. From self-knowledge antibiotics are chemicals produced by microorganisms, which are designed to inhibit and destroy specific pathogens when used at low temperatures. Antibiotics release chemicals, which inhibit bacterial growth and work on a specific action site. The first founded antibiotic was penicillin discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming in 1928 from a mold culture. It can be
There are certain levels used to establish whether a person is diabetic or not after using tests which measure glucose amount in blood and urine.
Anthony Crute Table 1 Concentration glucose g100cm¯3 6 3.6 3 2.4 .6 .2 0.6 Time to decolourise manganese (VII) (s) 78 240 266 331 495 784 180 Table 3 A B C D Start (m) 0.00 .00 2.00 3.00 Finish (m) 0.00 9.00 6.00 N/A Time (m) 0 8.00 4.00 N/A Time (s) 600 480 840 N/A Table 4 Time to clear Glucose g.100 Actual divided by 10 Diabetic/ None Urine/ Blood plasma A 600 .5 0.15 Diabetic Urine B 480 .8 0.18 Diabetic Blood Plasma C 840 .1 0.11 Normal Blood Plasma D N/A N/A N/A Normal Urine The actual shown in table 4 is found by dividing by 10 because the solution was concentrated 10 times so to find the actual figure it must be divided by 10. I can tell by referring to my tables that solution A is a Diabetic and the sample is urine, I can tell this because the biuret test which is shown in table 4 showed it was urine and the fact that there is any glucose in it proves the person is diabetic. I can tell B is diabetic and the sample is blood plasma using the biuret test and comparing the results of the actual, I can see that it is over the boundary for amount of glucose in a normal persons blood. I can tell C is from a normal person and the sample is blood plasma using the biuret test and comparing the results of the actual, I can see that it is within the range for the amount of glucose in a normal persons
To find out which concentrations of sucrose solution cause water to be gained or lost by osmosis in potatoes.
INVESTIGATING OSMOSIS IN POTATO'S Aim: To find out which concentrations of sucrose solution cause water to be gained or lost by osmosis in potatoes. Background: The spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semi permeable membrane (one that blocks the passage of dissolved substances--i.e. solutes). The process, important in biology, was first thoroughly studied in 1877 by a German plant physiologist, Wilhelm Pfeiffer. Earlier workers had made less accurate studies of leaky membranes (e.g., animal bladders) and the passage through them in opposite directions of water and escaping substances. The general term osmose (now osmosis) was introduced in 1854 by a British chemist, Thomas Graham. If a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a membrane that is permeable to the solvent but not the solute, the solution will tend to become more dilute by absorbing solvent through the membrane. Increasing the pressure on the solution by a specific amount, called the osmotic pressure, can stop this process. The Dutch-born chemist Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff showed in 1886 that, if the solute is so dilute that its partial vapor pressure above the solution obeys Henry's law (i.e., is proportional to its concentration in the solution), then osmotic pressure varies with concentration and temperature approximately as it would if the solute were a gas
A basic understanding of diffusion and osmosis
Abstract: The purpose of this lab was to have a basic understanding about concepts diffusion and osmosis. In this lab we had dialysis tube as a cell membrane of cell, which lets small particles pass through it and we had test tube as tightly joined surface, which doesn't let any particles pass through it. As a result we saw that small particles like glucose and iodine diffused through dialysis tube, but large particle like starch couldn't diffuse dialysis tube. From this lab it can be concluded that small particles like glucose and iodine can pass through phospholipid's double layer of cell membrane to provide nutrition to cell, but larger particles like starch needs to go through the entrance of cell. Introduction: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. The purpose of this lab is to identify the particles that can diffuse through dialysis tube. I hypothesized that starch and glucose can diffuse through the dialysis tube. My null hypothesis was that none of these particles would be able to diffuse through the test tube in beaker. Materials: Refer to lab manual (page 53) in Nelson Biology 11. The following revisions were made. -We used Fehling's solution instead of Tes-tape for glucose test. Experimental Procedure:
Investigative the factors which effect respiration.
Investigative the factors which effect respiration Osmosis is a kind of diffusion, when membrane has tiny holes in it, which let small molecules though it, and not let bigger ones though like sugar. It's important because it lets photosynthesis happen and if it doesn't no water or minerals equals no sugar which means it would get minerals deficiency disease. Sugar effects how much water the plant absorbs. These are some of the factors i could change: Sugar concentration Size of potatoes But the one i will change will be concentration of the sugar solution i will start off with no sugar 0.0 then go up in two 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8. To make it a fair test i will keep the potatoes the same size in length and width. I am going to record my results by measuring the mass instead of the size of potato because it would be more accurate and easier to do because i have electric scales so it will be accurate. I intend my experiment to demonstrate that a potato chip placed in sugar will increase size due to sugar water ends the vacuoles of cells by osmosis. The equipment i will need to carry out this experiment are: boiling tubes, measuring cycled, scales (electric), potatoes, potatoes cutter, knife, sugar solution. What i am going to do? I got all of the equipment together, cut all 15 potato chips the same length and width, and measured out 15cm3 of sugar solution. (0,0 0.1 0,4
An Investigation of the Variation of Electrode Potential with Electrolyte Concentration.
William Murdoch A LEVEL PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT An Investigation of the Variation of Electrode Potential with Electrolyte Concentration Aim: The aim of the experiment is to investigate the variation in the potential of a silver electrode as the electrolyte concentration is varied. Apparatus: .0 molar CuSO4(aq) Copper metal Electrode 0.1 molar AgNO3(aq) Silver metal Electrode 00ml volumetric flask (x4) Labels Bungs (x4) Distilled water Funnel Dropper Pipette and filler 00ml Pyrex beakers (x10) Glass paper Filter paper Saturated KNO3(aq) High resistance voltmeter Crocodile clips Wire Safety goggles Method: 10cm³ of 0.1 molar AgNO3(aq) was pipetted into a 100cm³ volumetric flask. Distilled water was added to the flask to make it up to just below the 100cm³ mark. With a bung in the top, the solution was shaken to make it homogenous. A few more drops of water were added to the flask so that the meniscus was level with the 100cm³ mark. The flask was labelled as having a 0.01 molar concentration. From the 0.01 molar flask, 10cm³ of the solution was pipetted into an empty volumetric flask. The volume was made up to 100cm³ in the same way as previously and the flask was labelled 0.001 molar concentration. This procedure was repeated to make a 0.0001 molar AgNO3(aq) volumetric flask and this in turn was used to make a 0.00001 molar solution. With
Osmosis is the process by which different water concentrations balance out between cells. The water travels through semi permeable membranes until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
Biology Coursework OSMOSIS The Oxford Dictionary defines Osmosis as "the passage of a solvent through a semi-permeable partition into another solution." In Biology, Osmosis is the process by which different water concentrations balance out between cells. The water travels through semi permeable membranes until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. The large particles in the highly concentrated liquid do not pass through the semi permeable membrane, but the water molecules do. Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall made from cellulose fibres. This wall is fully permeable to allow dissolved substances to pass through it easily. There is a thin layer under the cell wall called the cell membrane, and this is only semi-permeable so only certain substances can leave and enter the cell. Any substance dissolved in water is called a solute; a solvent is a liquid that is able to dissolve another substance, called a solute, to form a solution. The water content of plant cells varies depending on environmental conditions. The water plays a vital role in the support of tissues and the transport of materials around the plant. If a plant does not have water, it may wilt, and will eventually die. Water is mainly absorbed through the roots, which are covered in specially adapted root hair cells, to create a larger surface area for absorption. It is pulled up the
Forensic Science - Skills For The Laboratory - Experiment Title: The Absorption of Light (Calibration Curve).
Forensic Science Skills For The Laboratory Experiment Title: The Absorption of Light (Calibration Curve) Aims: To establish good safe and organised working practice. To encourage consistent and meticulous keeping of data and records. To develop consistent and accurate laboratory measurement procedures. Background Info: Many substances absorb electromagnetic radiation in the visible or ultraviolet regions of the spectrum as a consequence of electronic transitions within a molecule. Studying such absorptions provides information about the electronic structure of the species. Where absorption occurs in the visible region of the spectrum, the substance is coloured. The colour arises from light of the complementary colour being absorbed, e.g. the purple colour of potassium permanganate is caused by the absorption of green light. At a particular wavelength, the fraction of light absorbed is proportional to the thickness of the absorbing medium (the path length l) and to the concentration of the absorbing species (c): -dI/dl = ?cI (1) Where ? is a constant called the absorption coefficient and I is the light intensity. Integration of equation (1) gives the Beer-Lambert law: ln(Io/I) = ?cl (2) Where Io is the incident light intensity. In practice this is more usually expressed as: A = ln(Io/I) = ?cl Where A is the absorbance (optical density) ? (=?/2.303)
Investigate how enzyme concentration can affect the initial rate of reaction.
Experiment 1: Hypothesis - My hypothesis for this experiment is that the 1% trypsin solution will have a fastest initial rate of reaction rate. Aim - * To investigate how enzyme concentration can affect the initial rate of reaction. Apparatus - * Milk powder solution (pre-made) * Stopwatch * 4 boiling tubes * Pipette * Measuring cylinder * Distilled water * 1% trypsin solution (pre-made) * 0.5% trypsin solution (made by combining 5 cm3 of 1% solution and 5 cm3 of distilled water) * 0.25% trypsin solution (made by combining 5 cm3 of 0.5% solution and 5 cm3 of distilled water) * 4 cuvettes * Colorimeter (set to record % absorbency) * Rod Method - . Pour 2 cm3 of already made milk powder solution into a boiling tube. 2. Measure out 2 cm3 of 1% trypsin solution and pour it into the boiling tube containing the milk powder. Stir the solution. 3. Using a pipette, take out 1 cm3 of the trypsin and milk powder solution and place the mixture into a cuvette. Measure the colour absorbency of the cuvette and record the reading. Start the stopwatch before taking the colorimeter reading. 4. Record the colour absorbency of the mixture every minute until the reading turns to 100%. Remember to reset the colorimeter before each reading. 5. Repeat steps 1-5 using the 0.5% trypsin solution and 0.25% trypsin solution, tabulating the data afterwards. Potential errors
