physics making sense of data
Making sense of data coursework The experiment A ball bearing of mass 28.82 g was rolled down a smooth ramp, which was set at a fixed angle of 5°. The time was measured and recorded using a stop clock of accuracy 0.01 s. Three times were recorded to improve accuracy. Results Distance from bottom of slope/ m Time 1/ s Time 2/ s Time 3/ s Average time/ s 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.46 0.47 0.51 0.48 0.10 0.73 0.70 0.73 0.72 0.15 0.98 0.96 .00 0.98 0.20 .10 .10 .10 .10 0.25 .19 .30 .26 .25 0.30 .33 .39 .33 .35 0.35 .49 .59 .57 .55 0.40 .61 .64 .64 .63 0.45 .67 .65 .72 .68 0.50 .88 .88 .79 .85 0.55 .88 .95 .93 .92 0.60 .97 2.01 .99 .99 0.65 2.07 2.09 2.11 2.09 0.70 2.16 2.13 2.16 2.15 0.75 2.18 2.28 2.23 2.23 0.80 2.21 2.29 2.25 2.25 0.85 2.32 2.30 2.34 2.32 0.90 2.36 2.36 2.39 2.37 0.95 2.48 2.54 2.51 2.51 .00 2.56 2.52 2.54 2.54 Analysis The graph above tells us that as the distance of the ball bearing from the bottom of the slope increases, the time it takes for the ball to reach the bottom will also increase. However, we can also see that the gradient of the graph changes constantly, indicating that this is a non-linear relationship. At the start of the graph, there is a gradient of 9.6 s m-1, but when the distance is approximately 0.8 m, the gradient becomes
Geophysics case study - I will explore techniques used by people (primarily archeologists), to explore the areas of ground prior to archaeological research and excavation occurring
GEOPHYSICS CASE STUDY In this Case Study, I will explore techniques used by people (primarily archeologists), to explore the areas of ground prior to archaeological research and excavation occurring; the techniques, subsequently help archaeologists determine if the site is of archaeological value, which would improve our knowledge concerning may aspects of science, including human civilization. METHODS: ) One method that is used to explore the area of ground for archeological research is ground - penetrating radar. This method entails geophysics and uses radar pulses to construct a 3D image of the sub surfaces of the designated archaeological site. The penetrative power of GPR is up to 15m within the ground, ultimately providing archaeologists with a fair understanding of the type of ground that is going to be explored and probably some data of what lies buried in the ground: The above diagram, displays the GPR's radargram; the radargram is used to show the pulse reflections of different media. In this case, the radargram has been used on a site in Alabama, USA and the hyperbolic (curve shaped) lines show reflections off media, possibly hinting at a human burial site.i 2) Another method of determining the condition of area for archaeological research is the use of a range of survey methods; different survey methods respond to different physical properties. For instance
Physics Course work 'What is the Higgs Boson'
Jack Lie What is Higgs Boson ________________ the Understanding of ________________ higgs boson ________________ What is higgs boson physic course work 2012 the understanding of higgs boson ________________ . What is higgs boson ________________ For centuries, the standard model of elementary particle has always been known of “the theory of everything”. However, some questions are still not answered. Dr. Peter Ware Higgs, one of the founders of the Higgs Boson, hence the reason why the Higgs Boson is named after him, asked the question ‘Where did mass came from?’ Many people have never thought about it before and assume the mass is just a property that particles have. The fundamental particle, the Higgs Boson is the particle that he believes that would solve the question. Physicists have been looking for proves of the mysterious particle of Higgs’ theory, the Higgs Boson, the particle that theoretically gives all particle in existence their masses. If the particle is proven to exist, lots of other theories could be explained, hence the importance of this particle. Higgs Boson is a very unstable particle and will decay almost immediately after being created. To describe what a Higgs Boson is, first we need to know what a Boson is. Boson is one of the most important classes of sub-atomic particles, in the standard model of elementary particles. There
There are many ways in which scientists from all around the world discuss and finally tell the public about the results that they have produced. Three ways will be outlined in this assignment.
.4 – Scientific Communication Task 1 – How to publicise your results When a scientist finishes an experiment and analyses the results produces, they often need to communicate the results to others so that that the experiment and results re described. However this is done, it will need to be peer reviewed. This is when communications such as reports and papers are analysed by other scientists to see if the methods used are correct, if there are any errors or if there is any ideas that will conflict with the results. There are many ways in which scientists from all around the world discuss and finally tell the public about the results that they have produced. Three ways will be outlined in this assignment. One way that scientists communicate their findings is by writing up a scientific paper. Scientists do this to inform the reader about research that they have conducted clearly and to make sure that the experiment can be repeated by someone else. The usual format of a scientific report is: . Title 2. Author: The scientists that wrote the paper 3. Abstract: A summary of the aim or hypothesis, results and conclusion 4. Introduction: Other information about the field and the aim of the study 5. Materials and Methods: All resources used and how the experiment done 6. Results: Descriptions of observations with figures and data 7. Discussion: Contains a conclusion
Modern Physics - AQA GCE Physics B - Revision Notes
Music and sound * All sounds are formed by a vibration and require a medium to travel through. Sound travel as a longitudinal wave (compression waves) where it forms a series of compression (region of higher pressure than surrounding) and rarefaction (region of lower pressure than surrounding) * Distance between 2 compressions is one wavelength and the frequency is number of waves / compression passing a certain point per second - measured in Hertz (Hz). Wave speed (c) = frequency (f) x wavelength (λ) * Typical human ear can detect frequency ranging from 15 – 20000 Hearts. The frequency below this range is called infrasound and those above are ultrasound. * When sound is turned into electrical signal (i.e. recorded by a microphone) the frequency can be measured with an oscilloscope, here: Frequency = and vice versa, Time period = * The pitch of a sound is produced form the fundamental frequency (lowest frequency when it’s vibrating freely) plus harmonics (multiples of the fundamental frequency). * When hearing sound waves of certain pitches together it produces consonants or harmonics. These sound waves form the basis of a musical interval. I.e. any 2 musical not of frequency ratio of 2:1 are separated by an octave. Whereas 2 notes with frequency ratio of 5:4 are separated by an interval of a third. * Quality can be called timbre. The same frequency note
The Colliding of Black Holes
Lumbini Neha Parnas Colliding of Black Holes Physics is just a world of simplicity explained with logic and math. The fact that we are brave enough to be examining the vast universe with its components nowhere close to the size of humans; fills the streak of intimidation. The universe acts as a system of equilibrium; just like the law of conservation of energy it also follows the law of conservation of mass/matter. The biggest contributors, still veiled with mysteries are Dark Matter, Black Holes, WIMPs, and Higgs Bosons etc. Black holes are widely studied and its powers are simulated over hundreds of labs around the world. However, the one that caught my attention was related to “Colliding of Black Holes”. On a fundamental level, it is a well-known fact in the world of astrophysics that black holes are bodies with immense energy with the ability to destruct anything in its way, some scientists even refer to it as the, ‘Ultimate garbage disposal of the universe’. Jumping up to the next few levels where two of such black holes come in contact. According to studies, the surrounding space-time surge and undulate causing a severe distortion in the space-time fabric. This warp is so complicated that even the incredibly high levels of calculations in Math fail to clearly explain the phenomenon. Even though physicists have simulated many different probabilities; nailing
Mathematically Analysing Mobile Phone Tariffs.
Mathematically Analysing Mobile Phone Tariffs. Mobile Phones I am investigating 3 rates of charges for people using mobile phones. Scheme 1: A payment of £15 per month for the line rental, plus 50p per minute for each call made Scheme 2: A payment of £24 per month for the line rental, plus 20p per minute for each call made Scheme 3: A payment of £31 per month for the line rental, plus 10p per minute for each call made. I am going to investigate which scheme is best for people using mobile phones. I will also vary the line rental, vary the cost of each call, make comparisons, and make generalisations. I will show graphs, tables and a conclusion to my investigation. Scheme 1: A payment of £15 per month for the line rental, plus 50p per minute for each call made. X Minutes Cost (£) 5 £17.50 0 £20 5 £22.50 20 £25 30 £30 40 £35 50 £40 60 £45 70 £50 80 £55 Scheme 2: A payment of £24 per month for the line rental, plus 20p per minute for each call made X Minutes Cost (£) 5 £25 0 £26 5 £27 20 £28 30 £30 40 £32 50 £34 60 £36 70 £38 80 £40 Scheme 3: A payment of £31 per month for the line rental, plus 10p per minute for each call made. X Minutes Cost (£) 5 £31.50 0 £32 5 £32.50 20 £33 30 £34 40 £35 50 £36 60 £37 70 £38 80 £39 Scheme 1: 20 minutes = (50p x 20minutes) +
Physics-energy production in Hong Kong and potential new ways of generating power.
Major sources of energy in Hong Kong In Hong Kong, electricity supplied to the household and the industry comes from six production plants. The Castle Peak Power Station, located in Tap Shek Kok in Tuen Mun, has the greatest generating capacity in Hong Kong, up to 4110 MW. The Lamma Power Station is in Lamma, as its name suggests, comes second, having a generating capacity of 3305 MW. The Black Point Power Station in Northeast New Territories is in the third place, giving out 2500 MW of power. The Penny Bay's Power Station in Sham Shui Kok on Lantau Island produces the least generating capacity, at 300 MW only. The remaining two plants are not located in Hong Kong, but in mainland China. As the four plants aforementioned are not enough to satisfy the ever-increasing energy demand of Hong Kong, one of the two companies which provide us with electricity, the CLP Holdings (the other being Hong Kong Electric Co. Ltd), obtains energy from those two external power plants in China, the first being the Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station in Conghua, accounting for 1200 MW of our power, while the last one, the famous Guangdong Nuclear Power Station located in Daya Bay in Shenzhen, produces a mere 984 MW. All the four power stations in Hong Kong produce energy through fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and diesel gas. The Guangdong Nuclear Station produces energy by means
Am going to test the following insulators:- No Insulation Felt Cotton Bubble Wrap Cardboard
Testing insulators Aim: My aim is to investigate and record the change in temperature when I change the insulator on a copper can for the duration of 10 minutes at one minute intervals. I will be investigating which insulator is best this will be decided by which insulator has the highest temperature at the end of the experiment. Conduction Heat energy can be transferred from one substance to another when they are in direct contact. The moving molecules of one material can increase the energy of the molecules of the other. The heat can also travel through a material as one molecule transfers energy to another one. This type of heat transfer is called conduction. Conduction is mainly seen with solid objects, but it can happen when any materials come into contact, like when warm air is in contact with your skin. Some materials are better conductors of heat than others. For example, metals are good conductors of heat, while a material like wood isn't. Metal heated on one end will soon be hot on the other end too, while that is not true with a piece of wood. Good conductors of electricity are often good conductors of heat. Since the atoms are closer together, solids conduct heat better than liquids or gasses. This means that two solid materials in contact would transfer heat from one to the other better than a solid in contact with a gas or a gas with a liquid.
Physics Rubber Essay
Physics Rubber Essay Rubber is an elastic material, so when the force is removed; it returns to its original size and shape. Its structure is that, it's a polymer as it has many long chains of this molecule (hydrocarbons). Rubber is used for many purposes including making tires, belts, hoses, furniture, rubbers and many more. The force-extension graph for rubber: The force extension graph shows us that, the more force you apply to the material, the bigger the stretch/extension there will be. The blue line is indicating the stretch, and how we're applying force to the material - it's increasing. Whereas, the grey line is showing us the unstretch, so when we are removing the force individually. Notice, how this time, the line doesn't match the blue line; this is because energy is lost through heat and sound when stretching, so the extension will be a bit more. This means that the graph did not obey Hooke's law. As you can see on the graph, the area between the 2 lines represents lost energy. This type of graph is called the elastic hysteresis loop. This shows that the rubber was harder to stretch when loading rather than unloading, because more energy was required when loading, because the energy was lost as heat and sound. The social benefits are that, more and more people are taking advantage of what rubber can do. For example, nowadays, contraception is a very big