How effectively did Irish Catholic and Nationalist leaders advance their cause in the years 1801-1921?
How effectively did Irish Catholic and Nationalist leaders advance their cause in the years 1801-1921? The Irish Catholic and Nationalist leaders were able to advance their cause to varying degrees of success in the years 1801-1921. The measure of how effective each leader was depended largely on his current situation and the results of his predecessor. The later Nationalist leaders were clearly able to build upon the work of those before them, therefore giving them more chance of effectively advancing their causes. Daniel O'Connell was the first of the nationalist leaders. He aimed to achieve Catholic Emancipation and created the Catholic Association in 1823. This was extremely effective as he mobilized the Catholic majority. The Church then provided the framework for O'Connell to build his new movement around. This was effective as it gave his movement the strength it needed to survive. At this point he had achieved a genuine mass protest forcing the British Prime minister, Wellington, to the conclusion that Emancipation was inevitable. The repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828 which removed restrictions on nonconformists was clearly a major step forward; it reinforced the view that Wellington was willing to cooperate. R.F. Foster stated that 'the exclusion of Catholics from formal power had not succeeded in restricting their social power'1, O'Connell was able
Recruitment and Selection.
It is necessary for businesses to recruit staff in order for it to operate. A business may need staff to fill vacancies that may arise following resignation of staff, retirement or even dismissal. It may also be due to growth of a business, because if a business decides to expand, then it will require more staff to support the running of it. Also, if job roles are changed, then it may also be necessary to hire new staff, or perhaps if staff within the business are promoted, then their positions need to be filled. To make sure that the correct people are selected for recruitment, the human resources department must put them through accurate and appropriate recruitment and selection processes. This needs to include careful consideration of the correct times and procedures of advertising jobs, assessing carefully application forms, CV's and letters of application. Creating job descriptions and person specifications is also important to outline the functions of the job. Lastly, it is important to shortlist the candidates correctly, to ensure they are suitable for the designated job. At Birmingham City Council, the Recruitment Team is responsible for creating and practicing first-rate recruitment and selection policies. The team work on acquiring recruitment policies and procedures, and offering advice on this. There are two main types of recruitment, which are internal
King Lear
Samantha White August 2001 King Lear Coursework... King Lear is the main character in the Shakespearean tragedy also named 'King Lear'. Shakespeare took the main plot line of an aged monarch, abused by his children from a folk tale that appeared first in written form in the 12th century and was based on spoken stories that originated much further into the Middle Ages. Through the play King Lear goes through many different personalities, and also he experiences a lot of people sinning against him. While this is so, King Lear also sins against many people too. In this essay I am going to find out whether King Lear is a man more sinned against than sinning himself. King Lear actually says this in act 3, scene 2, lines 59-62. The quote for this is... "Hast practised on man's life; close pent-up guilts Rive your concealing continents, and cry These dreadful summoners grace, I am a man More sinned against than sinning" I am going to look at the sins that King Lear has committed, and also what sins Lear has experienced against himself. Looking at both of these aspects thoroughly I am going to then write a conclusion as to whether I think King Lear is a man more sinned against than sinning. At the moment I think that King Lear is actually a man more sinned against than sinning. I am firstly going to research all the sins he has committed, and then secondly
Context of Employee Relations and Industrial Conflict
Unit 24: Employee Relations Assignment 1 Context of Employee Relations and Industrial Conflict Name- Karan Aggarwal Tutor- Marion Fieldstead Date- 07/04/08 Contents: Page: a.) Explaining the unitary and pluralistic frames of reference..........................................................................03 b.) Reviewing the development of trade unions and industrial relations........................................................07 c.) Determining the role of trade unions and its contribution to effective employee relations................16 d.) Differentiating the roles taken by main actors in employee relations....................................................20 e.) Explain the ideological framework of industrial relations...........................................................................26 f.) Investigating the different types of collective dispute..............................................................................29 g.) Reviewing the dispute procedures and the resolution of conflict.............................................................................38 h.) Bibliography/References.....................................54 i.) Self Reflection/Evaluation..............................................56 j.)
Argue the case for or against the proposition that "all members of the House of Lords should be appointed by an independent Appointments Commission which would secure (i) that 25% of the members were independents, (ii) that the party balance between the r
Argue the case for or against the proposition that "all members of the House of Lords should be appointed by an independent Appointments Commission which would secure (i) that 25% of the members were independents, (ii) that the party balance between the rest of the members was proportionate to their share of the vote in the most recent general elections, and (iii) the House contains members with the experience, expertise or perspectives that will be useful to the House in its scrutiny and debating roles'. Looking at the proposition in hand, I disagree with this being the future of the House of Lords. 2 main issues arise, does the second chamber need reforming at all? And how should that change take place? I will argue not only that this proposal flawed, but also whether the House is in need of reform at all. The first issue is do we need reform at all? Despite the general perception, the Lords do provide a very effective check on the government. One simply has to look at the Labour government from 1974-79. Labour had won this election despite proportionally getting less votes than the Conservatives. The Lords believing this government to be, illegitimate capitalized on the very slender majority Labour had in the commons and constantly provided fierce opposition to the government. During this period they repeatedly defeated the Labour government. It suffered 347 defeats from
Evaluate Shakespeares Presentation of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet
Evaluate Shakespeare's Presentation of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet Mercutio's name derives from the adjective Mercurial which is also known as 'changeable' The variations of his name give a relevant insight into the complicated character of Mercutio. Other names such as Mercury - the Roman messenger God suggest the quick paced humour and witty character. All these many names speak a lot about his personality and big influence in Romeo and Juliet. Some of Mercutio's many contributions to the play are as a comic foil to Romeo, contrasting with Romeo's more softly spoken, humourless character or as guidance about love. Mercutio is first introduce in Act 1 Scene 4. "Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance." This immediately suggests his lively cheerful personality. Shakespeare introduces Mercutio at this point in time as a way to break up the tension of the previous happenings. "If love be rough with you, be rough with love." Shows his jovial, positive view towards anything. Another similar idea is when Mercutio says "Prick love for pricking." This portrays Mercutio as a joker and the use of puns 'pricks/prick' shows his quick witted comedy. Throughout the first scene Mercutio displays many different views of love. "You are a lover, borrow Cupid's wings/ Too great oppression for a tender thing." This shows that Mercutio is a person who is acquainted with love as may have
How satisfactory is the current law on non-fatal offences against the person?
How satisfactory is the current law on non-fatal offences against the person? (25) Non-fatal offences against the person are assault, battery, assault or battery occasioning actually bodily harm, malicious wounding and GBH with intent. The first two offences are defined in the Criminal Justice Act 1988, with the remainder being found in the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. There is a variety of sentences available ranging from imprisonment for 6 months to a life sentence for the most serious offence of GBH with intent (s.18 OAPA 1861). Some would argue that the OAPA 1861 is a very badly drafted piece of legislation, which is merely a consolidation of a number of old offences being grouped together. Because of this, there have been many appeals against convictions regarding this act. There is still no clear statutory definition of assault and battery, while the definitions of the more serious offences are contained in act over 100 years old, leading some to think that they are outdated. Much of the vocabulary in the Act is misleading, with the would "maliciously" having two definitions, one for the s.18 offence, and another for the s.20. This has led the Joint Charging Standard to clarify the issue of what charge to bring for different levels of injury, although even that is wrong; any injury which causes blood to flow could be charged as wounding, even a grazed knee.
Educating Rita: How does Willy Russell present the development of Frank and of Rita in Educating Rita?
How does Willy Russell present the development of Frank and of Rita in 'Educating Rita'? Educating Rita, a play written by Willy Russell focuses predominantly on the lives of two people: Frank and Rita. In this essay, we - as an audience - will explore the many ways in which Frank and Rita develop or change as the play progresses. At the beginning of the play, the audience react to seeing Frank in a sort of intrigued way. The fact that Frank is looking at the bookshelf leaves the audience wanting to find out what will happen next. Frank, at this point, begins talking to himself "Where the hell...? Eliot?" and from this, his intentions of looking for a book are revealed. However, all is not as it seems as Frank pulls out the books from the author he was contemplating over and pulls out a bottle of whisky behind them. Suddenly, the impression we have of him dramatically changes from a guy who is interested in reading or a quote in a book to someone who likes to drink and this is humorous due to the dramatic change in how we perceive him to be. At the same time, we also find out that Frank is somewhat scared or reluctant in losing his job as he is forced to conceal his bottle in order to keep it. Using this, it can be said that Frank loves his drink as he goes through the effort of hiding it, after which he must endeavour to find it. As the scene progresses, Frank is in some
Consumer Law Assignment.
Consumer Law Assignment Lecturer:- Douglas T4-22 "The Common Law is clearly incapable of securing consumers 'reasonable expectations. Parliament has therefore stepped in to fill the gaps." I aim to put forward relevant issues and arguments as to whether the parliament has taken reasonable steps. Some don't think so:- "We are disappointed that the Queens' speech does not deal more comprehensively with the rights of the public to protection and the responsibility of traders." Allan Charlsworth CE Trading Standards Institute Http://www/lawcom.gov.uk Who is a consumer? A consumer is an individual purchasing an item off a supplier, for example a shop or retailer. If an individual buys an item out of the local paper he/she is not a consumer, and do consumers really need protecting? Yes consumers do need protecting. Long before statutes were introduced it was a case of 'caviot emptor' (BUYER BEWARE) which through the aid of parliament now becomes 'caviot venditor' (SELLER BEWARE). In effect the parliament has found no alternative but to intervene in order to maintain a measure of stability in commercial situations. It is important to remember that all the Acts that have been introduced supplement the common law - it does not replace it. Law consists of Common Law (decisions made by judges over the years) and Statute Law (decisions made by parliament).Statute Law is usually
Human Rights
The Human Rights Act 1998 is an Act of Parliament which came into force in October 2000. Its aim is to "give further effect" in UK law to the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. The Act makes available in UK courts a remedy for breach of a Convention right, without the need to go to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. ECHR is now part of domistic legislation because of the Human Rights Act therefore can seek Judicial Review by English law. Section 6 of the HRA requires public authorities to act in a way that does not breach Convention rights. The HRA does not define the term public authority, but it is clear that bodies like the police, local councils and government departments and agencies are all public authorities. Private individuals and bodies will not be public authorities for the purposes of the HRA unless they are performing a public function. E.g. A private security company that has a contract with the Government to transport prisoners to and from court will be a public authority for the purposes of the HRA, and therefore under a duty to respect Convention rights, when it is transporting prisoners but will not be when it is guarding private property under a contract with a private organisation. Because a public authority is difficult to determine, the courts will have to decide on it since there is no definition provided by
