Mental Health
Significant amounts of information and prior research is available, looking at the situation of mental health disorders within populations, and considering the most cost effective way for treatment. In this evaluative report, the author aims to consider two of these studies. The first paper by Heller, Gemmell, and Patterson (2006) analyses four treatment methods provided within clinical guidelines, for effectiveness from the perspective of preventing further hospital readmissions and relapses for both depression and schizophrenia. The second paper by Chen, Killeya-Jones, and Vega, (2005) considers the extent to which mental disorders exist within the United States (US) adolescence, and the likelihood of any clusters of mental disorder co-occurring. Helping to prioritise interventions for depression and schizophrenia: Use of Population Impact Measures. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: (Heller, R; Gemmell, I; Patterson, L; 2006) The paper by Heller, Gemmell and Patterson (2006), aimed to investigate the impact of implementing a 'best practice' approach on reducing the number of hospital admissions and relapses for patients suffering from both depression and schizophrenia. A 'best practice' approach can be defined by The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) as integrating "pharmacological agents...specific psychological
Writing to inform
Scooters! Safe or Scary? Do you think scooters are safe or scary? Most of you would probably say both. You would expect them to be safe as many people use them for transport, but that's not always the case. The Law. There are obviously laws to riding a motorbike, just the same as there is to driving a car. You must stick to these rules for your own and other people's safety. Here are most of the laws you must follow:- * Wearing a helmet. * If you are on a provisional licence you must have Learner plates. * If you are on a provisional licence you can't carry passengers. * You must keep to the speed limits. I bet most of you are wondering what a provisional licence is? You can take the test when your just 16 and it enables you to ride a 50cc scooter, which by law are restricted to 30 miles per hour. The test you have to take is called your CBT; you can take these in most places. It consists of you going to that place for the day (9am-4pm.) and they teach you the basic skills of riding a scooter. After 2 hours they take you on the roads. Don't worry your not alone they usually take you in a group, and there are at least two instructor's there to help. After being out for the full day if they think that you have done well, and ridden safely, you will be given a certificate stating that you are passed and now legal to drive a scooter. You can't drive a scooter any faster
Basic Counseling Skills.
D. HOWARD - COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST IN CONSTRUCT Basic Counseling Skills Professor Liliana M. Taylor 1-7-2004 By: Donovan Howard The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the writer presently perceives himself as a Counselor, 2) why the writer has chosen counseling psychology as a professional field of endeavor to pursue, 3) what skills and theories have been absorbed as a first semester graduate student in attendance at Cambridge College, and 4) what psychological concepts have most influenced or contributed to the writer's approach via assigned readings, class discussions, interactive role modalities, in helping to construct a methodology that will be effective for potential patients / clients who may require professional psychotherapy services. Psychologists study the human mind and human behavior, and apply their knowledge to a wide range of endeavors, including health, human services, management, education, law, and sports. Counseling psychologists use various techniques, including interviewing and testing, to advise people on how to deal with problems of everyday living. They work in settings such as university counseling centers, hospitals, and individual or group practices. The writer has an avid interest in the field of counseling psychology / forensics, and the law, as such he intends to combine both disciplines in order
The causes of disordered behaviour.
People have attempted to uncover the causes of disordered behaviour since ancient times. Many interpretations have developed over the centuries to explain abnormal behaviour, from theories of supernatural occupation to naturally occurring biological causes (Carson, Butcher and Mineka, 2000). Since the beginning of the twentieth century, several important perspectives have developed sophisticated models such as biomedical, psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioural and cognitive model. Kendall and Hammen (1995) state a model is a general guide for the field of abnormal psychology. It enables students and professionals of abnormal psychology to understand three aspects of mental disorders; the symptoms of the disorders, the causal factors and their treatment (Carson, Butcher and Mineka, 2000). Carson, Butcher and Mineka (2000) stressed that there is no perfect model, whereas each different view point focuses on important facets of behaviour. Besides, validity is not equal. Therefore it is important to determine the appropriate viewpoint by the extent to which it helps an observer understand a given phenomenon (Carson, Butcher and Mineka, 2000). Current psychology is much related to human cognition. The study of basic information-processing mechanisms, such as attention and memory, as well as higher mental processes such as thinking, planning, and decision making are included in
Anxiety Disorders
Evaluation of Axiety Disorders Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD) Characteristics GAD is characterised by an excessive, irrational worry about everyday events, such as family members going to work or going out. This anxiety will manifest itself in fidgeting, fatigue, insomnia, sweating, difficulty swallowing or breathing, nausea or headaches, among others. To be diagnosed these symptoms must be consistent and ongoing for at least 6 months and must be interfering with the patients daily routine Treatment and Prognosis Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one type of therapy that is particularly helpful in the treatment of GAD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy examines distortions in our ways of looking at the world and ourselves. Your therapist will help you identify automatic negative thoughts that contribute to your anxiety. For example, if you always imagining the worst possible outcome in any given situation you might challenge this tendency through questions such as, "What is the likelihood that this worst-case scenario will actually come true?" and "What are some positive outcomes that are more likely to happen?". Cognitive-behavioral therapy for GAD involves five components: Education. CBT involves learning about GAD. It also teaches you how to distinguish between helpful and unhelpful worry. An increased understanding of your anxiety encourages a more proactive
Psychological Perspectives - Cognitive Approach
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Health and Social Care National Extended Diploma Psychological Perspective: Cognitive Approach Cognitive Psychology revolves around the idea that if we want to know what makes people tick then we need to be able to understand the internal processes of their mind. Cognition literally means “knowing”. In other words, cognitive psychology refers to the study of the human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling, and behaving. Key Theorists of the cognitive approach includes Piaget and Beck. Jean Piaget (1896-1980), his view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, especially in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (i.e. simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world. This means that they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are actually, psychologically mature enough to do so. Aaron Beck (1921-Present day) believes that a person’s reaction to specific upsetting thoughts may actually contribute to abnormality. As we confront the many situations that arise in life, both comforting and upsetting thoughts come into our heads. Beck calls these unbidden cognition’s automatic thoughts. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was created due to beck and it can be used to treat people with a wide range of different mental health
Open University. What would be the benefits and drawbacks for Bronwyn, whose story was featured in Unit 2, of being assessed as having a psychiatric disorder?
[Type text] TMA 01 What would be the benefits and drawbacks for Bronwyn, whose story was featured in Unit 2, of being assessed as having a psychiatric disorder? What is mental distress? Mental distress is when someone experiences changes in their thoughts and feelings. Their behavior will be significantly different, both in themselves, and how they behave around others. This greatly interferes with their home life, work life, social life and their relationships they have with others. Examples of mental distress would be anxiety disorder, depression and schizophrenia. (Ethomed, 2003) The diagnosing of mental distress can mean different things for different people. It must always be dealt with in a sensitive matter. No doctor can ever be certain as to how the individual may act when informed. The diagnosis itself must never overshadow the person, their qualities and personality, or their unique life experiences. (The Open University, 2008, p. 104) (a) (Bowers, 1998) tell us, that those who experience problems such as anxiety or depression may not actually appear different, to those who are not experiencing mental distress. With regards to Bronwyn and the mental distress she is experiencing, this could well be the case. To everyone else, and the outside world, things may seem that everything is fine with her. However, Bronwyn is experiencing mental distress on a daily
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? In order to understand what OCD is, we need to identify and distinguish between what is meant by an 'obsession' and what is meant by a 'compulsion' Obsession are recurrent, unwanted thoughts and images which seem involuntary and are intensely distressing. These obsessions are usually aggressive, sexual or blasphemous Compulsions are actions of which the victim/patient feel compelled to carry out over and over again, perhaps learnt through rituals or rules. Obsession and compulsions are often inter-related and that compulsions can be used to try and counteract obsessions. For example, compulsive hand washing may be an attempt to eradicate the obsessive preoccupation of having germs and dirt on the hands. A person may however have only obsessive thoughts without their expression as compulsive behaviour. Failure to complete the compulsion often results in severe anxiety or panic - but continuing to try to live with the rituals often also leads to anxiety or depression. Examples of compulsions include excessive hand washing, cleaning, counting, checking, touching, arranging, hoarding, measuring, excessive neatness, and repeating tasks or actions. Examples of obsessions are worrying excessively about germs, contamination, dirt, fearing having harmed others, intrusive sexual thoughts or urges,
Psychology IB Abnormality Notes
ABNORMAL NOTES Discuss the extent to which biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influence abnormal behavior Introduction . What is abnormal behavior, and how it can be looked at under biological, cognitive, and sociocultural viewpoints . Its hard to diagnose and fully diagnose a person as there may be: cultural differences, different cultural beliefs, cultural bound syndromes 2. Hard to classify abnormal, some say abnormal is something away from the normal, so someone who is 2 meters tall is abnormal? . Picture is still mysterious 2. In order to diagnose and treat a person with mental health issues we need to better understand the causes or etiologies of those issues. There are many different explanations for conditions like, for example, depression and eating disorders. Despite the variety of theories and the conflicting evidence that exists about what causes certain illnesses, there are a number of successful, tried and tested treatments based on certain theories. An example of this would be drug treatments, including SSRIs like Prozac for the treatment of major depression. However, not only do many of these treatments spark controversy, there is also no one simple explanation for any type of mental health issue and psychologists/psychiatrists need to take a multi-axial approach to diagnosing and treating people who need help. This multi-axial approach has
Reflection on Person Centered Care.
Reflection assignment Developed by humanist psychologist Carl Rogers as a non-directive form of talk therapy in the 1940’s and 1950’s.The goals of the person-centred approach are different to many traditional approaches to therapy. “Its focus is on the person, not on the person’s presenting problem. The main goal of the therapy is for the client to realise their capacity for self-actualisation” (Davis). To achieve this goal therapists would work on developing an increased self-esteem within the client and create an environment whereas the client is more open to experience (Person Centered Therapy, 2012) Rogers (1977) did not believe that the aim of therapy was to solve problems. Rather, it was to assist clients in their growth process so clients could better cope with their current and future problems.”(Corey, 2009, p170). Person centred therapists do not set goals for their clients, but assist clients through facilitative therapy to achieve their own goals. As self-concept develops goals would be expected to change. This therapy could not be applied to all clients as some would not possess the natural inclination towards the self-actualisation process even within the context of the supportive, facilitative client-therapist relationship. A description of the processes and procedures of the therapy Person centred therapy differs from other therapies in
