Cold War
Cold War War is an event that represents the situation of a state and how it is revolutionized. It introduces new factors that sometimes force nations others to join in the enhancing of ideas. In particular, the new face of the ideological or new age concept was brought up. The United States of America and the former Union of Soviet Socialists Republic engaged in an ideological conflict known as the Cold War from 1945 to 1989. It was a time of differences between democracy and communism. The other main consequence of the Cold War was also a great scientific and technological advancements. Both superpowers possessed highly destructive arms for their offense and defense that induced fear in the other. This fear caused the launch of the Space Race: a derby of government-funded scientific advancements to take the human race into space. The space program is, to a large extent, the result of the Cold War. The rivalry between the US and the USSR for being the head power but with different ideologies had preceded the Second World War. Both nations had unprecedented tension flowing between them. Among many of these tensions were the financial and propaganda issues that made them enemies. These facts made a series of competitions such as economic strategies and propaganda. Among these competitions is one of the most important; the Space Race. The Cold War fueled an important
How did Mao Zedong secure control of China in the 1950's?
) In what ways did Mao secure the control of China in the 1950's? In 1949, Mao Zedong was appointed the undisputed leader of China. As well as this, he was chairman of the CCP. China became the 'People's republic of China.' Mao was still not satisfied. Although he had become the leader of China, this did not mean that he had total control. For that reason, the CCP put in a number of policies to make sure they could have total control over China. The first policy put in place, was that China became a one-party state. This meant that all other parties other than the CCP were banned. The term 'counter-revolutionary' came into place to describe those who showed any opposition to the communist party. Counter-revolutionary described someone who was against the communist revolution. To clear themselves of any suspicion of being counter-revolutionary, people began to accuse others. Mao introduced the idea of the carrot and stick method. He used policies which would improve the lives of certain groups of people as the carrot, and then used punishment as the stick. The stick policies consisted of Mao taking control over the cities in which there may be remaining support for the GMD. The GMD were the Guomindang. They were the opposition of the CCP. To stamp out any of the remaining supporters, he ordered the massacre of these people; these people being those who might have anything
How does the Cold War develop from 1944-1953?
How does the Cold War Develop from 1944 – 1953? The Cold War in 1944 is at a stage where Germany is on the verge of collapse and World War 2 is in its final stages. At this point, the USSR and USA are allied together through an earlier agreement to unite to fight against Germany. The Soviet Union is lead by Stalin and the Americans lead by President Roosevelt. The Americans are also heavily involved in a war against the Japanese. There are several ways in which the Cold War develops from 1944 to 1953, these include: long term issues between USSR and the USA; the American strategy of containment; conflicting ideologies; differing images in the post-war world; changes in leadership personnel. One can also perceive: the development of globalism; the nuclear arms race; The ‘German Problem’; the rise of Communism in the Far East; European decolonisation, as reasons for the development of the Cold War too. Various events also influence the development of the Cold War, such events include: Yalta and Postdam Conferences; use of the atomic bomb; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; Berlin Blockade; the establishment of NATO; Mao taking over and turning China Communist; Korean War; Stalin’s death. One way in which the Cold War develops between 1944 and 1953 is the clear divide between Soviet and American ideologies. They begin this period as Allies in World War 2 and continue to
Compare the Chinese Red Army under Mao to Nazi Germany under Hitler
Compare the Chinese Red Army under Mao to Nazi Germany under Hitler Although Germany was never a communist country during the rule of Adolph Hitler, its similarities to China are shocking. Both Nazi Germany (1932-1945) and Communist China while run by Mao Zedong's Red Army (1928-1976) were cruel regimes that were responsible for killing millions of their own people. The leaders of each country were able to manipulate their citizens and convince others into thinking that what they were doing was appropriate and even respectable. This must lead one to ask 'How can millions be fooled for so long?' In order to understand how people could have been so easily fooled and manipulated it is critical to take a look at each country's history a few years prior to the uprising of each ruler. In Germany people were suffering and depressed. The First World War, to which Germany was blamed for, ended up costing billions of dollars for the German government, and as a result the people were miserable and frustrated. The economy was slow and people everywhere were starving and without work; desperate for someone to tell them there's hope and a future. Along came Hitler, a man who claimed that he had a solution to their problems and eventually told them who was to blame for their depression. When Hitler was first gaining power one of his key focuses was religious freedom for all except those
Analyse the conditions and methods which led to Mao`s rise to power
Cristina G. History Essay Analyse the methods and conditions which led to Mao`s rise to power Mao`s rise to power was down to many factors just as the weakness of the GMD and Chiang Kai-shek that brought corruption, un- organization and hyperinflation, helped the communist`s to appeal to people of China, as did the events of the Chinese Civil War, that showed off Mao`s clever use of guerilla warfare and his inspirational leaderships skills. As well as Mao`s cult of personality formed from his peasant upbringing and the renowned Long March, as well as his ideology of Land Reforms and being a man of the people, all contribute to Mao Zedong`s rise to power. China had been a land of unity until the mid-nineteenth century, wars and revolutions followed after that. When the last emperor abdicated and the Warlord Era came over, the country fell in a state of chaos. The GMD then reunited the country promising the three principles of nationalism, democracy and land reform. Chiang Kai-shek- the leader of GMD ignored the ideas of democracy and land reform, he was a strong nationalist and even though he had contacts with Russia he was very right winged and turned out to be very anti-communist. By 1927 GMD lost their popularity meanwhile Communists Party started gaining support, Chiang Kai-shek started a so called " purification movement", which meant nothing else than killing
Cold war
Luke Rogers 5-1-00 "Why have historians found it difficult to reach agreement in assessing responsibility for the Cold War?" The Cold War is a product of the combined folly of both the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. However, historians have seen both sides making mistakes, acting aggressively, and pushing one and other to make further mistakes throughout the years. Furthermore, it is human nature to wish to assign blame to one side or the other. Meanwhile, it has been difficult to tell what one side has been doing as neither the US or the USSR has wished to point out the other side what they had been doing. Of course, no issue in recent history has sparked quite so much discussion in historical circles. Assessing not only the blame but also the damage caused by the Cold War has given rise to many a book and historians have often argued quite aggressively for either side. Nevertheless, historians such as Thomas A. Bailey have argued that the US was reacting to Soviet expansionism and attempting to stem the tide of Soviet aggression. "Revisionists" historians such as William A. Williams have written that the US acted for its own concerns in keeping the world economy open to American trade and therefore fought the Soviets for the purposes of maintaining its economic stronghold. Finally, "post-revisionists" such as Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr have
Superpower Relations and the Thaw in the Cold War
The Post-Stalin Thaw and the bid for Peaceful Co-Existence? 953-1961 In the 1950s the Cold War, although in many ways the same, was changing in character * Globalization of the Cold War * Nuclear Arms Race * Stalin’s death in ’53 and the Thaw However, a more thorough relation of tensions – détente – was not to emerge until after the shocks of the Berlin crisis ’61 and more particularly the Cuban Missile Crisis ‘62 Timeline of coexistence and confrontation characterising 1953 – 61 951 – Churchill elected PM, and in a surprise move from his reputation as a ‘Cold War warrior’ pressed for a summit with the Soviet Union to end the Cold War. November 1952 – Election of Eisenhower, reflecting a ‘hardening of US attitudes’ March 1953 – Death of Stalin, the politburo avoided one person consolidating power and confirmed the collective leadership of Malenkov, Molotov, Beria, Bulganin and Khrushchev. Policy of destalinisation introduced July 1953 – End of the Korean War. It had a traumatising effect on the US population with 32,629 US killed, 103,284 injured and the deaths of 3m aprox. Korean civies. * American anger was reflected in the policies of Dulles – rollback and massive retaliation * Limitations of these policies demonstrated by the lack of a US response to Soviet suppression of protest in East Germany (1953) and more
Cold War Summary, quotes and revision notes.
The Cold War 1945 - 1991 ) Origins of the Cold War 1945 - 1953 - 1945 Conferences and the emergence of the superpowers The origins of the Cold War * Disputes between the US & USSR centred around two major issues - Eastern Europe (US planned for free elections - Stalin was determined to create a secure zone of friendly communist governments - Stalin prevailed) and Germany (disagreed over the treatment of the defeated Germany - US favoured lenient treatment, USSR favoured harsh treatment) * Divisions were acknowledged by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in a speech in March 1946 when he used the phrase "the iron curtain" 945 Conferences Name: Yalta Conference Date: 4-11th February 1945 People: US president Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin Discussed: German reparations, Polish government, United Nations, Japan Resolved: * Agreement that the three nations (as well as France) would control post-war Germany * Soviet's demanded that Germany pay heavy reparations to help compensate for WWII losses, US & Britain were hesitant as such restrictions could hamper economic recovery for Europe. Reparations were agreed to but the actual figure not decided. * The Lublin committee - Provisional Polish Government set up under Soviet support and consisting of communists - would be broadened to include others -
Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution in 1966?
Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution in 1966? After the failure of the Great Leap forward in 1961, China went through a recovery period. Mao had taken a step back from the Communist party and appointed Liu Shaoqi as chairman. Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, his general secretary started introducing their own policies. These new policies reinvigorated agriculture and commerce. By 1965 grain harvest was back to the production levels of 1957. Despite the success of these new policies, Mao was not pleased. He saw the introduction of more liberal agricultural and economic systems such as the retraction of communes and giving peasants the freedom to manage their own land as a betrayal of communist ideologies. Liu wanted to reduce Mao's power in the party and turn him into a figurehead. Mao knew this and consequently called a Central Committee also known as the 7000 cadres. At this conference Mao was humiliated by a speech given by Liu Shaoqi denouncing the failures of the Great Leap Forward. Mao took a real blow here but did not give up. In 1963, he launched the Socialist Education Movement. This aimed at motivating the younger generation of China to rise up and bring back socialist ideals. Despite the acceptance of the movement by the Communist Party Mao was loosing power. This was to become the setting of the Cultural Revolution during which China was plunged into anarchy.
Who was to blame for the start of the Cold War?
Who was to blame for the start of the Cold War? In 1945, just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the USSR ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. No agreement marked the start of the Cold War. When the USA decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, the USSR was upset that America had secretly developed the bomb. Churchill, Truman and Atlee were angry that Stalin had already signed a border treaty agreement with Poland. By 1948, Russia controlled Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. Churchill was first to refer to this as an Iron Curtain that divided Europe. The Allies were angered that the free elections promised by Stalin at the Yalta Conference were not held and adopted a new foreign policy of containment to keep communism to the areas where it was already in affect. The Truman Doctrine of 1947 stated that America would help any non-communist country to resist communist pressure. The Marshall Plan involved sending large amounts of American money to help non-communist
