Analysis of sulphur dioxide content in wine.doc
Analysis of sulphur dioxide content in wine Objective To determine the amount of sulphur dioxide, an antioxidant, present in wine by using volumetric analysis. Principle All free SO2 molecules is first convert into SO32- by NaOH solution: SO2 + 2OH- › SO32- + H2O Acidification of the solution liberates all SO2: 2SO32- + 2H+ › 2SO2 + 4H2O which is then titrated with 0.0057M iodine solution in which starch is used as end-point indicator: SO2 + I2 + 2H2O › 2HI + H2SO4 Chemicals white wine (carbonated), 1M NaOH, 2M H2SO4, 0.0057M I2, starch solution Apparatus volumetric apparatus, pipette, measuring cylinder, dropper, white tile Procedure 1.> Find out the volume of wine from the label on the bottle. 2.> Pipette 25cm3 of white wine into a conical flask. 3.> Add about 12cm3 of 1M NaOH and stand for about 15 minutes. 4.> Add about 10cm3 of 2M H2SO4 to the mixture and then few drops of starch solution as indicator. Quickly, titrate the mixture with 0.0057M iodine solution. 5.> Record the titre required to produce pale blue colour. 6.> Repeat steps 2-5 for 2-3 times. Data Analysis Trial st 2nd Final reading /cm3 3.05 2.80 26.30 Initial reading /cm3 0.25 9.70 23.25 Volume of I2 added /cm3 2.80 3.10 3.05 Average volume of I2 added /cm3 3.075 Concentration of I2 solution: 0.0057 M
Experiment to determine the ethanol content of wine
Experiment to Determine Ethanol Content of Wine The purpose of this experiment is to determine the ethanol content of each of the wines and compare the value determined to the value quoted on the label. These results can then be used to conclude which region is more accurate in quoting the value of the ethanol content of the wine. This experiment takes advantage of the fact that ethanol is less dense than water in solution. The density of ethanol at 20°C is 0.789 g/cm3 while the density of water at the same temperature is 0.998 g/cm3. It then follows that different solutions of ethanol and water will have different densities also, because the relative volume of ethanol increases and water decreases so the density of higher percentage ethanol solutions will be less than the density of lower percentage ethanol solutions. This occurs because water molecules are much smaller than ethanol molecule, meaning more water molecules can "pack" into a smaller volume than ethanol molecules, meaning there is more mass per unit volume of water compared to ethanol, meaning it has a higher density. In this experiment, solutions of ethanol in water were made up, going from 0% to 20%. These were then weighed, and the density of the ethanol was calculated. From this, a graph of percentage ethanol solution against density was made. This graphs later compared to the density of the wine, so
Analysing the vitamin C content in different fruit juices
Title : The Vitamin C Content in Fruit Juices Name : Yii Seng Ong Date : 28 August 2011 Class : 12M15 Student ID : 2011200378 Name of lecturer : Madam Ida Muryany binti Md. Yasin Objective . To determine and compare the concentration of vitamin C in different kind of fruit juices 2. To determine and compare the concentration of vitamin C in freshly prepared fruit juices and carton fruit juices Introduction . Vitamin C Vitamin C or also can be known as ascorbic acid is the elonic form of 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone. It can be synthesized from glucose or extracted from other plant sources such as blackcurrants, rose hips or citrus fruits. The empirical formula for vitamin C is C6H8O6. Other than that, the molecular weight for ascorbic acid is 176.1. Its melting point is about 190°C( with decomposition). The appearance is white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder. It is practically odourless, with a strong acidic property and a sour taste. Figure 1 : 2D structure of vitamin C Figure 2 : 3D structure of vitamin C Generally, vitamins are a group of complex organic compounds which play an essential role in animal metabolic process but which the animal cannot synthesis. Vitamins do not provide energy however, in their absence the animal develops certain deficiency diseases or other
Determination Of Nickel By Gravimetric Analysis
Title : Determination of Nickel by Gravimetric Analysis Objective : * To determine the amount of nickel in a given salt. * To calculate the weight percent of nickel in the salt and to compare with the Theoretical value * To study the gravimetric analysis method to determine the compound in a certain unknown salt Introduction and background Gravimetric analysis is a technique through which the amount of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) can be determined through the measurement of mass. Gravimetric analysis depend on comparing the masses of two compounds containing the analyte. The basic method of gravimetric analysis is fairly straightforward. A weighed sample is dissolved after which an excess of a precipitating agent is added. The precipitate which forms is filtered, dried or ignited and weighed. From the mass and known composition of the precipitate, the amount of the original ion can be determined. For successful determinations a few criteria must be met. First, the desired substance must be completely precipitated. In most determinations the precipitate is of such low solubility that losses from dissolution are negligible. An additional factor is the "common ion" effect, this further reduces the solubility of the precipitate. When Ag+ is precipitated out by addition of Cl- Ag+ + Cl- =<-> AgCl(s) the (low) solubility of AgCl is reduced still further by
ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN BY BACK TITRATION
ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN BY BACK TITRATION HNC APPLIED SCIENCE ANGELA COFRE 4 DECEMBER 2006 Analysis of Aspirin by Back Titration SUMMARY The purpose of the experiment was to determine the amount of aspirin in a tablet and to compare this with the amount specified on the label. The amount of aspirin calculated from the results obtained from titrimetric analysis to be 317 mg. The stated dose of the tablets on the manufactures label was 300 mg KEY WORDS Aspirin Back Titration Manufactures Labelling AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Objectives The objectives of this experiment are to determine the amount aspirin in a tablet and to compare this with the amount specified on the label. This was carried out using back titration. Aims The aims of the experiment were as follows: * Calculate the number of moles of HCL used in the reaction. * To determine the amount aspirin in an aspirin tablet and compare it with the amount specified on the label. * Calculate the number of moles of NaOH taken for hydrolysis. * Calculate the number of moles of NaOH used in hydrolysis. * Calculate the number of moles of aspirin. INTRODUCTION Aspirin is an acid and can be determined analytically by the method of back titration. However aspirin is not soluble in water so cannot be titrated directly with an alkali. So the aspirin is reacted with an excess of sodium hydroxide, which produces a water
Explain how the poems reflect the changing attitudes to war. Comment on content, language and poets' purpose.
Explain how the poems reflect the changing attitudes to war. Comment on content, language and poets' purpose. World War One started in August 1914. British people were feeling positive at the time. They were feeling enthusiastic and patriotic. The partners, friends and family of the "heroic" soldiers all thought they would be home by Christmas. Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen are famous poets from the time. Rupert Brooke at the start of the war wrote 'The Soldier'. In 'The Solider' it shows going to war is heroic but some lines are shockingly ironic. During the war, Wilfred Owen wrote two famous poems named 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' and 'Dulce et Decorum Est'. These poems showed more of the reality of the war. A difference between the 2 poets was that Wilfred Owen saw frontline trench warfare and Rupert Brooke did not. A year into the war, Rupert Brooke wrote 'The Soldier'. His main subject was to tell the people how heroic the soldiers were going to war. He wrote the poem as if he was a soldier himself. "If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field". This line is saying that if he dies at least he died for England. Also in the poem he expresses idealism through irony. His ironic lines such as "And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness". This really didn't happen in the war but helped families of the soldiers feel better. He also
Business Culture & Strategy Analysis Of JD Wetherspoon
Business Culture & Strategy Analysis Of JD Wetherspoon Reported by: CHEN LING Assessor: CHEN JING Date: 7th December,2009 Content Page . Introduction.....................................................................3 2. Discussion........................................................................4 2.1 Section 1...........................................................................4 2.1.1 SPELT Analysis 2.1.2 SWOT Analysis 2.1.3 Guide lines 2.2 Section 2...........................................................................7 2.2.1 Shared Values& Taken for Granted Assumption 2.2.2 JD' Culture 2.2.3 Organisation Culture& Behaviour 2.2.4 Culture Comparison 2.3 Section 3...........................................................................9 2.3.1 Strategy theory 2.3.2 Strategy during 1980s and 1990s 2.3.3 Strategy in 21st century 2.3.4 Consider factors before changing strategy 2.3.5 "Business strategy" and "strategic choice" 2.3.6 Considered issues 2.4 Section 4...........................................................................14 2.4.1 Forces for changes 2.4.2 Business ethics leads to changes 2.4.3 Roles played in dealing with changes 2.4.4 Advices 3. Conclusion ......................................................................17 4. Recommendation ..............................................................17 5.
Composition analysis
MYP Music Year 11 Extended Twentieth Century Snapshots Ms. Neil Medora Choi 11AM 3th January, 2009 Composition analysis This expressionistic composition piece was named as "A Káosz Szeru Szafari", meaning the chaotic safari. As seen from the first bar, it starts off with a subtle tone, only playing with the right hand and staccato, building up the tension, but only for one bar. It reflected on a portrait of a leopard, hidden among the tall grass, having its eyes on its prey among the herd of zebras. The accents emphasizes each step the leopard takes, very fast but careful. Using crescendo, it moves on to the second bar, the leopard leaps out from the grass, and with a sforzando to show that the leopard has started the race with its prey, and by bar three, on the left hand of this bar, it had a whole bar of semiquavers, so the rhythm reflected on the leopard was using full force as the whole bar was fortissimo. In my first draft for the composition, it used too many triads therefore the composition changed to more cluster chords. Using cluster chords not only fits the twentieth century but it also creates more tension throughout this fast and exciting chase of the two safari animals. Therefore, it tension builds up in bar 5 where the time signature changes and the bass part is accented cluster chords, and the composition had an ascending pattern which reflected the
Analysis of Does It Matter? by Siegfried Sassoon
Analysis of "Does It Matter?" by Siegfried Sassoon "Does It Matter" is an angry, heavily ironic war poem written in 1917 by the famous World War I poet Siegfried Sassoon. On first read, it appears that the poet is addressing an injured soldier who has returned from the trenches, asking this man whether or not it is important that he is missing limbs and sight, instead highlighting the virtues of the world and offering these as a remedy for his pains. The poem is written in a nursery-rhyme-like structure, where there is an obvious rhyming pattern and distinctive rhythm, and where many lines even have an equal number of syllables. For such a complicated subject matter, the poem is also rather brief - very succinct at just three stanzas comprising of five lines each. The opening lines of each stanza begin similarly with a question asked but never answered: Does it matter - losing your legs?... There is a lot to discuss even here. Firstly, we notice that the question itself is not answered - Sassoon does this very deliberately. Of course he goes on to back his rather naïve point by highlighting the constructive aspects of living without the use of one's legs, but he leaves a great void here, like the unfilled silence after a particularly awkward question. We, as readers, can easily answer the question of whether or not it matters in our own minds - of course it matters, and
Gunga Din Analysis
Gunga Din Analysis 7th October 2008 Gunga Din is a narrative poem that exploits the racial and ethnic divisions between British soldiers and their Indian native servants in the time of British colonisation and rule of India. The poetic voice, a cockney British soldier that often uses bold colloquialisms, thinks lower of his regimental bhisti (an Indian water-bearer) until the bhisti called Gunga Din saves his life. Not only does the poem portray the message that the lower ranked should carry out their jobs with bravery and loyalty to be rewarded, but it also pays particular tribute to Gunga Din for these qualities. As the poem continues, it exposes the racism and prejudice towards the Indian natives by the British soldiers, but ironically, one of the mistreated servants, Gunga Din, risks his life to save a soldier who, in the past, has been racist towards him. This also makes us appreciate what others can do for us and that we should treat others as we want to be treated, not with prejudice and racism. If Gunga Din was not as loyal to the soldiers as he was, then he would not have risked his life to save the poetic voice, for which the poetic voice is grateful. The author seeks to demonstrate that all people have a purpose to help others and that the quality of your actions is far more important than your skin colour, rank, ethnic beliefs or anything that makes up your
