The effects of shade from trees on plants below
The Effect Of Shade From Trees (On plants below) The effects of shade from trees on plants below Introduction A collection of living things together at the same place and time is called a Habitat. The main purpose of a habitat is to provide and adequate food supply, a comfortable place to breeding/reproduction to take place and to provide a certain degree of shelter. Examples of various habitats are: * Forests and woodland/ trees * Bushes and shrubs * Ponds/ lakes * Sand dunes * Grassland * Rocky shores * Mossy brick walls Apart from where the habitat is situated, there are also 5 other key factors that affect the living things in a habitat. These are: . Climate: which includes variation in Temperature, the amount of rainfall, the light intensity and wind variation. 2. Biotic: Interaction of living things e.g. food chains/ webs 3. Humans: pollution and insecticides are used which effect the environment. 4. Soil: Variations in soil type lead to certain living things having to live in certain areas 5. Shape of the land and aspect: certain areas of land would not be suitable for all living things because of various obstacles. A woodland habitat Within a woodland habitat the main dominating organisms are the trees. The reason for their domination apart from the fact that they are usually larger than most other wildlife is due to the fact that trees have
Factors affecting rates of population change across the world.
Alex Calloway Factors affecting rates of population change across the world Throughout the world today, ones can see huge differences in rates of population change, from massive population growth rates to a gradual decline in population. There are some countries in the world today, where the rate of population change is extremely low and such a situation can occur for a number of reasons. When one reads of population growth or decline, it is impossible to avoid discussion of China's one child policy. However, this policy is an extreme violation of human rights and is limited to just one country and so should not form the basis of a discussion of population growth rates or as an example of a country with low growth rates. Instead, it seems apt to concentrate on those countries where government influence is not so draconian or tyrannical. Italy is one country with a negative rate of population change and does provide an example of many reasons why this situation can occur. Following the Second World War, Italy experienced a rapid process of industrialisation, geographically concentrated in the North, given Italy's current level of development and its late beginnings, it is simple to imagine how quickly the process occurred, as this graph, taken from www.thetimes.co.uk, shows. This development gave the citizens of Italy much improved health care provision, which in turn
Investigation into the effects of osmosis on Potato cells
Investigation into the effects of osmosis on Potato cells PLANNING AIM The aim of this investigation is to find out the concentration of cell sap in potato tissue. Variables * Controlled-Starting length will be as close to 3.00cm possible, starting volume, which is 20ml also the same time the potato cells are kept in solution and same conditions for each cylinder. * Dependant-Length of potato cylinder (before and after osmosis has occurred). * Independent-Concentrations of solutions which are: (m) 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 Solutions Vol. Of glucose * 0.5 = M (0.5 = starting glucose concentration) Total volume ) 0 * 0.5 = 0 M 20 2) 4 *0.5 =0.1M 20 3) 8 *0.5 =0.2M 20 4) 12 *0.5 =0.3M 20 5) 16 *0.5 =0.4M 6) 20 *0.5 =0.5M 20 20 Prediction I predict that this experiment will have different results throughout all the concentrations. Osmosis depends on two concentrations; outside (glucose solution) and inside (cell sap). I feel that my experiment will prove that osmosis has occurred meaning the water has moved form a high concentration to a low concentration. But. If the cell was already turgid when we measured it, the movement of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration means we will find the potato cell will shrink as the
Effects of Surface Area on Catalase Activity in Potato.
Effects of Surface Area on Catalase Activity in Potato Aim To investigate the effect of surface area on the activity of Catalase in potato. Hypothesis I predict that the potato which has been cut into more pieces will have the largest surface area. A larger surface area means that there will be more catalase molecules coming in contact with the reacting substrate, hydrogen peroxide. Enzymes react when particles come into contact with their active sites; if more of the enzyme is exposed (larger surface area) a greater number of active sites will be available to react with the hydrogen peroxide. The surface area of a 5cm tube with a diameter of 2cm equals 37.0 cms² ( 2 rh+2 r² ), but a 5 cm tube cut into five 1cm segments has a surface area of 62.83 cms². Every time another segment is cut from the 5cm tube two more areas have to taken into account, this means each time the 5cm tube is cut into a piece the surface area will increase. As a larger surface area produces a higher rate of reaction, my results should show a higher volume of gas released when using a potato with a larger surface area. Background Knowledge Enzymes are proteins which can be referred to as biological catalysts. Catalysts are molecules which increase the rate of chemical reactions and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes are made up of a chain of amino acids which are
Compare the presentation of the psychological effects of war on the individual in 'Regeneration' and 'Journey's End'.
Amy Best English Literature - Comparative Coursework Compare the presentation of the psychological effects of war on the individual in 'Regeneration' and 'Journey's End'. Journey's End by R.C. Sherriff, and Pat Barker's Regeneration show many interpretations of the psychological effects of war on the individual. The different genres of literature, the time the texts were written and the diverse styles created by each writer together provide a contrast, helping to show many different presentations of the effects of the First World War. Barker includes the disturbing nightmares that soldiers often had, recounting the horror of death so common in the war and shows how soldiers could even become psychosomatic, becoming paralysed through mental illness. She concentrates on Rivers' attempts to help soldiers psychologically, and through this shows many different characters, both real and imagined, suffering and coping with their own individual psychological effects of war. Sherriff portrays the alcoholism that effected many soldiers involved in the war, and the ways in which men 'coped' psychologically, focusing on trivial things to escape the reality of death. I will study the ways in which the two writers present these effects and how their styles and intentions differ or show similarities. Throughout Journey's End, Sherriff shows the different methods used by the soldiers in
Land Use Change In Northampton!
Deepak Chandi LAND USE CHANGE IN NORTHAMPTON! PART 1 (a): Northampton is a large market town best known for its footwear and leather industries. The town has recently grown outwards to the east and west. Northampton is situated around the River Nene. INDUSTRY: Many of the old industrial sites are located with in the CBD. Companies like Latimer & Crick; Corn Merchants use to be located near South Bridge (Smiths Timber Yard use to be located at the bottom of Bridge Street. Padmore & Barnes, shoe manufacturers use to be located on St. James Road. I believe that these old industries were located in these areas mainly as a result of transport links. Smiths Timber Yard was located at the bottom of Bridge Street mainly because the River Nene flows around Bridge Street so therefore this would be an excellent means of transport for the Timber yard. Padmore & Barnes was located on St. James Rd mainly due to the fact that a railway line runs through the area leading to other parts of Northampton and eventually linking up to other parts of the country. Also, the River Nene runs through the St. James area so therefore again creating good means of transport. Many of the new industrial sites are located out of the town centre. Brackmills Industrial Estate is located off the Bedford Road A428. The Crow Lane developments are located near the Billing garden Centre. Also there is the
The effects of disinfectants and antibacterial soap on bacterial growth
The effects of disinfectants and antibacterial soap on bacterial growth Abstract The effects of various disinfectants and one brand of antibacterial soap on bacterial growth were examined. Different cleaners containing either ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, or triclosan as a primary ingredient were added to culture tubes containing bouillon broth and bacteria taken from the classroom. Bacteria from each tube were regrown on agar plates to determine whether the disinfectant or soap, which had been added to the bacteria's rood source. was effective. Under the conditions of the experiment, all cleaners tested proved satisfactory in killing the bacteria found in the classroom. Introduction. Hospitals are supposed to be clean, right? All bacteria living on countertops and on other surfaces arc supposed to be killed with routine applications of potent cleaners to provide a sanitary environment for patients. But would it be possible for the disinfectants used in hospitals to be less effective than the manufacturing companies claim'? Our doubts were raised by a previous experiment that had been performed on different brands of soap, which had indicated that not all soaps were as effoctive as they claimed [1]. Clearly, our question was a pertinent one. At the very least, the patients and doctors might be concerned if going to the hospital meant being exposed to a whole range of
Examine the ways in which The Great Gatsby explores the corruptive effects of wealth.
Examine the ways in which The Great Gatsby explores the corruptive effects of wealth. The Great Gatsby was set in the 1920s and in this time wealth was spread all over America, particularly in New York, and in F. Scott Fitzgerald's fictional villages of the East and West Egg, where The Great Gatsby was set. In America many people had made their money by themselves without the help of an inheritance. Wealth was displayed in the type of car you drove, to the size and position of your house, and this idea that each person, no matter what their background, could succeed, was known as the 'American Dream'. This occurred because unlike England where there was a clearly defined class system, in which people remained within their class level, in America a poor person born into poverty could by whatever means, become a wealthy person, mixing in society with other wealthy people. This is no more evident than in F. Scott Fitzgerald's character Jay Gatsby. However, such wealth often attracted jealousy, and in turn, corruptive behaviour. In the 1920s, America was a financial goldmine with many individuals making huge sums of money. Post-World War One, many women entered the workforce, and factory production methods improved, creating a significant boost to America's economy. More often than not, however, some of the money that people made was earned through corruptive methods. Two
How does Lady Macbeth change throughout the play, "Macbeth"?
How does Lady Macbeth change throughout the Play? "Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be What thou art promised;" These are the powerful opening lines of Lady Macbeth - the most infamous and indomitable female character in all of Shakespeare's many works, who defies the position of order and gender of her time and used power and ambition to achieve her dreams. Her opening scene in I.v where she is reading the letter from her husband, which proclaims the witches' prophecy, and the following soliloquy are the first exposure to her character, as it allows us an insight into her most intimate thoughts and feelings. At the idea of her husband being possibly made King she jumps straight to the conclusion that he will be, "and shalt be what thou art promised". This is shocking to the audience as her superstition shows her underlying hunger for power by the fact she takes three deranged, women on a moor as the literal truth - any excuse for her to rise in authority. Shakespeare's use of the witches adds drama because at the time the play was written, during the reign of James I, witchcraft and heresy were deemed punishable by death and to "consult with any evil sprit" was illegal under the 1604 Witchcraft Act, so they would have seen it as a scandal that Lady Macbeth believed the witches. She seems even more ruthless by the fact that automatically she presumes that they will
An Investigation into the Effects that Different Light Intensities have on the Speed of Woodlice:
An Investigation into the Effects that Different Light Intensities have on the Speed of Woodlice: Introduction: Woodlice are one of the easiest terrestrial arthropods to obtain in large numbers throughout the year. Porcellio scaber, the most common species is not difficult to identify with the naked eye, and is large enough to be handled without employing special techniques. Their behaviour is relatively simple yet providing perfect examples of kinesis and taxis. i A species, which shows taxis, can orient the direction of their movement with respect to the source of an external stimulus whilst kinesis is a steady-state dependence of the movement velocity on the stimulus intensity.iii Thus it is clear that kinesis will be the important response in my investigation as I am not concerned with the stimulus direction. Woodlice lack a waxy cuticle on their exoskeleton and have a high surface area to volume ratio. This means that they are prone to desiccation. As a result, much of their behaviour is concerned with reducing water loss. Woodlice will therefore tend to congregate in more humid, cooler and darker regions where their water loss will be lower.ii Although light does not affect the physiological state of woodlice in the same way as humidity and temperature, it plays a very important part in woodlice behaviour. Woodlice have a negative photokinesis- they move faster as
