Benefits and Restraints of Genetic Engineering and the Use of Recombinant DNA.
Benefits and Restraints of Genetic Engineering and the Use of Recombinant DNA Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA have many useful purposes which benefit humans in many different ways in many different fields. The latest bio-technological breakthroughs allow the use of recombinant or 'mixed' DNA to be used more and more and in increasingly safer conditions. However there are still many problems and restrictions with using recombinant DNA such as side-effects or long term changes and the effect a new characteristic will have on its surrounding environment, be it the human body or a whole environmental ecosystem. Whilst genetic engineering has been beneficial in many ways increasing plant yields or improving human health, the statement, "The use of recombinant DNA can only benefit humans", can be discussed and in almost all situations it is found not to be true as discussed below. Genetic engineering is used frequently in the agricultural industry for many purposes :- For resistance to disease such tobacco mosaic viruses or potato blight. Making plants resistant to such diseases by inserting the correct resistance gene by genetic engineering means that more of the crops grown can be sold and so the farmer makes more money, the main incentive to most industrial processes. Resistance to the herbicide, glyophosphate can be achieved by genetic engineering. This means
Find out the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
TITLE: MEASURING PONDWEED PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANNING: AIM: The aim of this coursework is to find out the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. INTRODUCTION: Photosynthesis is the process of making food by plants to produce glucose and oxygen. The equation for photosynthesis is as follows- SUNLIGHT CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER GLUCOSE+ OXYGEN CHLOROPHYLL In this process Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) react together with the help of Sunlight and Chlorophyll to form Glucose and Oxygen. Photosynthesis is affected by four main factors. They are as follows- . Carbon Dioxide Concentration (CO2): RATE OF CON The enzyme Carboxylase has active sites on it. CENTRA- TION ACTIVE SITE CO2 CAN FIT INTO THE ACTIVE SITE (CO2) In a plant leaf there is a fixed amount of Carboxylase enzymes. This enzyme allows (C02) to fit into its active site. As the (CO2) rises the active sites all fill up and the rate of photosynthesis levels off. This chemical called Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate provides green pond weed with CO2. 2. Sunlight: Chlorophyll traps sunlight There are a fixed number of chlorophyll molecules in a leaf. As the light level increases all the chlorophyll molecules
Critical Review of Ryanairs Marketing Strategy
Executive Summary The following report will look at how Ryanair, a company that started in 1985, with only one 15 seater plane operating from the south east of Ireland to London Gatwick has become the top European low-budget airline. Initially Ryanair made a loss, and so they analysed their marketing strategy and decided to re-launch the company as a low fares or "no-frills" airline. Park (2003) describes how currently price is the biggest element in Ryanair's marketing strategy. Consequently recommendations have been devised to focus its efforts on protecting its market share whilst building brand loyalty with consumers, to create customer retention, maintain awareness as well as launch a new low-cost long haul service, in order to stay ahead of its competitors. It is recommended that a new transatlantic airline flying from existing bases in Europe to non-major secondary US airports would be installed. It is recommended that the new product should be launched under a completely new entity, called "AirTransat". To help with their market research to gain customer insight into Ryanair, it is recommended that Ryanair need to undertake quantitative primary research in the form of an online questionnaire to investigate how their customers perceive the products and services that they receive. In preparation for a possible new product launch, Ryanair need to conduct some
The purpose of our assignment was to conduct research on whether students who work while at University perceive their experience of work as being more stressful as than those who do not work while at University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 5 Method 12 Findings 15 Discussion 17 Conclusion 22 References 23 Appendices 26 Abstract Background: We believe it is important to look at the stress experienced by students and the environmental factors that possibly contribute to it, as it has been proven that stress has an effect on an individual's psychological well being. Aims: The purpose of our assignment was to conduct research on whether students who work while at University perceive their experience of work as being more stressful as than those who do not work while at University. Methods: The data for this study was provided by the Organisational Behaviour lecturer, and is a culmination of results from questionnaires filled in by Organisational Behaviour students from our current class (Summer school 2011) as well as from previous years. The sample group was selected for convenience owing to the fact that time is very much a factor for the Summer school courses. There were a total of four questionnaires used, and it was up to each group to interpret the data set in relation to their chosen research question. Results: We found no significant difference between those who work and those who do not (p=0.7). We have also found that the experienced stress levels of the students in this study are average, however we did find a
Discuss two poems that present a very different view of war.
Discuss two poems that present a very different view of war Wilfred Owen's 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' and Jessie Pope's 'Who's for the Game?' are both effective poems to study when making a comparison between pro and anti war poems, as there is definite contrast between the two. The primary difference is that Owen's poem is very much anti-war, whereas Pope's poem takes a pro-war stance. As the poems are so fundamentally different in their approach to the topic, it is not surprising that the rhyming schemes and language employed are also vastly different. The first poem I studied was 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' by Wilfred Owen. This poem is a sonnet with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd effe gg. This is a traditional format, which is not surprising considering that the highly educated and experienced poet, Siegfried Sassoon, helped Owen develop the format of his poetry greatly during this period. The first four lines show, and emphasise, the contrast between the battlefields and home life. The images of cattle and orisons are a reminder of life in the English countryside and the innocence of a life concerned only with farming and church. On the other, hand the references to guns and rifles could not be more far removed from this and conjure up images of a terrifying experience in the trenches; a life that is far from innocent. The title suggests innocence, with the use of the
The many sides of abortion issue in poland
The Many Sides of the Abortion Issue in Poland Like every aspect of human life, abortion is a fervently debated issue. Encarta Encyclopedia defines abortion as: "An abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus". Abortion is not a modern moral dilemma, contrary to what a lot of people think. In Greek and Roman culture it was accepted as a part of life and a method of birth control. In ancient Greece, the famous philosopher, Hippocrates was against abortion. He said: "I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion" ("The Hippocratic Oath", par.3). However, according to Roman law, an embryo had no legal right and it could be destroyed until accepted by the head of family ("Abortion and the Early Christian Church", p.4). In modern life, there are two main social groups who argue over abortion. People who are pro-life claim that killing a foetus or embryo is like murdering a person and every human has the right to live. On the other hand, pro-choice individuals argue that abortion is an issue of personal freedom and woman has the right to control their bodies. There have always been different views concerning the ethical and the social acceptability of abortion. In Poland, abortion is illegal and is
The aim of my project is to make the task of the allocation of seats in a theatre in a much more efficient manner than writing down on a piece of paper,
Chapter 1: Identification The Aim of the Project A The aim of my project is to make the task of the allocation of seats in a theatre in a much more efficient manner than writing down on a piece of paper, which will allow calculations to be taken to show the overall costs against profit for the whole show. This will also allow the spreadsheet to also take into account the fixed costs of show, the projected profits from program sales, confectionery sales and other miscellaneous costs and profits from the show and quickly and efficiently calculate them. Background A Mr Brown, owner of Brown Theatres puts shows on fairly frequently, so he requires a simple solution, that is quick and easy to adapt to and simple to understand. The problems faced by him is that the current solution is to write down all the information by hand and use a calculator to work out costs, expenses and profit. He wants the solution to be able to do all this in and instant, and in a simple, understandable format. Mr Brown also believes that this new system will allow his company to expand, and become more profitable, he believes that this new, efficient way of calculating will allow him to accurately calculate everything he needs in a matter of seconds. Alternative strategies for solving the problem A/B Non-ICT solution The non-ICT solution would be similar to one Mr Brown uses at the moment, that
US military History - A long telescope allows us to see how warfare evolved from simple brutish clashing of men and clubs to a culture of warriors itself.
The Long Telescope US Military History Brian L. Hansen Consequently, the art of using troops is this: When ten to the enemy's one, surround him... When five times his strength, attack him... If double his strength, divide him... If equally matched, you may engage him... If weaker numerically, be capable of withdrawing... Sun Tzu, The Art of War A long telescope allows us to see how warfare evolved from simple brutish clashing of men and clubs to a culture of warriors itself. From the age of the chariots to the last great horse battles of World War II, man and equestrian beast have become one in bringing swift death upon their enemies. It was this art of combining the valor of man with the strength and speed of the horse, and wrapping it in ideology, which changed warfare and this world's history. Shortly after 1525 BC, the first chariots appeared under the direction and bloodlust of Aryan armies from lands in eastern present day Iran. The author John Keegan maintains the "adoption of the war chariot... is one of the most extraordinary episodes in world history."? The appearance of the chariot alone cannot claim to be revolutionary, instead it must be combined with the speed of the horse and skill of the archer with his composite bow in order to gain battlefield dominance. The relatively slow foot troops were at a great disadvantage when fast chariots could
"Illustrate from Blake's songs the ways the poet shows that the people of his time were alienated from their natural selves and from society by political, economical and religious repression".
"Illustrate from Blake's songs the ways the poet shows that the people of his time were alienated from their natural selves and from society by political, economical and religious repression" A major target of Blake's in the conquest to correct the unnatural state of society was that of religion and the Church. Blake was an unconventional Christian. Although clearly religious, as seen in poems such as 'The Lamb' and 'Night', he abhorred the concept of organised religion and believed it to be an extremely damaging institution which was more concerned with the oppression of the lower classes and the continuance of the unequal status quo than with true religion. Blake believed the moral codes that were extolled by the Church were significantly damaging to society, making innocent concepts deviant and causing bitter unhappiness. In 'The Garden of Love', Blake conveys his feelings on the repressive qualities of religion. This poem is the basis for Blake's theory on repressive religion, using 'The Garden of Love' as a basis for the damaging effects of religious 'bans', Blake then goes onto portray how the effects change with different experiences such as love and sex. In the poem, the speaker returns to 'The Garden of Love' where he used to 'play' (which seems to refer to the innocent discovery of sexuality by children) and finds that it has been transformed. Where once children
An Investigation to find out If Increasing the temperature of an acid Increases the reaction speed of Magnesium
An Investigation to find out If Increasing the temperature of an acid Increases the reaction speed of Magnesium Introduction: A rate of reaction is measuring how fast two substances can react to form two new substances in a set period of time. The measurement of the reaction can take place by finding out how much of a new substance is formed. In most cases, and as in my experiment, the volume of gas produced can be recorded and in other experiments, the mass of a solid or the volume of a liquid can be found. When a reaction takes place, it is because bonds are broken and new ones are formed. In my investigation I am reacting hydrochloric acid (HCL) with magnesium (Mg). This will form magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Below you can see the formula for both, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium and the balanced symbol equation: This means that the hydrogen bond with chlorine is displaced by magnesium, therefore forming magnesium chloride. This proves that magnesium is higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen. Knowing that the reaction takes place through the displacement of bonds between magnesium and hydrogen, I can prove one other vital point. That is, that the hydrochloric and magnesium atoms must come in contact for the reaction to take place. Therefore, the rate of reaction can speed up or slow down depending on how many times hydrochloric acid
