What Is The Difference Between Agencies Of Formal And Informal Social Control And Evaluate Their Relative Effectiveness, Including Legal Sanctions and Informal Sanctions
What Is The Difference Between Agencies Of Formal And Informal Social Control And Evaluate Their Relative Effectiveness, Including Legal Sanctions and Informal Sanctions Many sociologists argue that people are more likely to commit crime when the social constraints on their behaviour are weakened. Control theory is mainly concerned with identifying the factors which prevent individuals from committing crimes. Writers in the tradition of Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, and Karl Marx have commonly focused on two observable processes in the regulation of standards of behaviour and sentiment. These are the use of social sanctions to deal with rule-breakers, that is, people who do not conform to approved behaviour patterns; and secondly, in psychological terms, the internalization of norms and values, by which acceptable modes of conduct become "second nature" routines of life that can be taken for granted. In its intense version, social control is exerted by totalitarian rulers in the form of terror organizations such as secret police; censorship of the press and other media; propaganda; and repressive laws regulating most forms of human behaviour and communication, such as freedom of speech, and even human sexuality. Social control is s large aspect of an individual's socialisation process. This process helps enable a person to fit into society and respect shared norms and
Private Sector
Notes-BS Notes - chapter 3 BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS: THE PRIVATE SECTOR * Sole traders * Partnerships * Private limited companies * Public limited companies * Co-operatives SOLE TRADERS: * Common form of business organization Few legal requirements to be set up * Few legal regulations to worry about when setting up the business * Complete control over the business * Close contact to customers * Does not have to share profits * Complete secrecy in business matters * No one to discuss business matters with * Unlimited liability * Limited source of finance * Capital for expansion may be restricted * Unincorporated business PARTNERSHIPS: * Group or association of 2 and 20 people who agree to own and run a business together. * More capital could be invested * Responsibilities would be shared * Partners would be motivated to work hard because they both would benefit from the profits made. * Unlimited liability * Unincorporated business * Partners can disagree on decisions and take time to consult all partners PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES: * Is a separate legal unit from its owners * Shares can be sold * All shareholders would have limited liability * The people who started the company are able to keep control of it * Many legal matters have to be dealt with * Shares in a LTD cannot be sold or
Informal Writing: Imaginative or Creative Assignment
Informal Writing: Imaginative or Creative Assignment Statement of Intent The purpose of this diary is to examine the character Blanche in the novel A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams. Blanche is the main character in the story, in which all the characters in the novel revolve around her. She explains her relationship with Stella and her abhorrence towards Stanley. She tries to keep her illusionary world safe from danger, since it is the only source left for her to feel secure and avoid from the harsh reality that she faced other than Stella. This diary is written with lots of description to show her illusions, as Blanche becomes further and further into her own world and eventually mixes up between reality and illusion. The diary begins with her first encounter with Stanley, in which Blanche is still conscious about her thoughts. She would express her views towards other characters and eventually end with the horrific rape with Stanley, when she has a breakdown and eventually loses everything, when all her possessions have been taken away. Dear Diary, Finally! I have reached New Orleans! I haven't seen my baby Stella for so long! Oh...Stella for Star! What a journey! Bath and rest is absolutely necessary to refresh myself after such an arduous journey. However, my entrance to the house was not great; small, uncomfortable; what a
Diploma in Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector, Unit 1, question 4
(4) Analyse different ways in which you would establish ground rules with your learners. 250-300 words In all class situations it is vital to have some ground rules put in place. The teacher needs to establish rules and guidelines on appropriate ways of expression/behaviour and argument and to generate an atmosphere of mutual respect. In defining these guidelines, we must appreciate the cultural and religious differences, gender, social class, or academic level. In the further education sector, students are expected to have a certain level of maturity and are considered adults. Therefore rules should be negotiated amongst the group. In the first session, I would use this time for introductions and any ice-breaker activities. Time would then be spent discussing the outline of the course and the student expectations. In an informal setting the class rules could be discussed and negotiated. If time is an issue, the rules of the class could simply be listed on the board and discussed by the group to determine if they are agreeable. Informal groups could then complete an activity such as a brainstorm, on what they believe to be good rules or guidelines. The groups then present their ideas to the rest of the class. Another way to introduce ground rules to the students would be to make a list of some practical and well used rules and ask the students to list some additional
McDonalds sector and what happens
BUSINESS ACTIVITY By Vicki Allison 10J McDonalds sector and what happens McDonalds is in the tertiary group. This means that it provides a service to the public. However if a problem occurs in the primary or the secondary stage, McDonalds will suffer. Therefore they will receive lower profits and will have difficulty selling the food. The raw materials that McDonalds get are extracted from: (a) Meat and milk from animals (b) Grain and fruit from farming (c) Fish from the sea and from fish farms In the manufacturing process for McDonalds, the chain of production begins in the primary sector with the extraction of raw materials. The raw materials have been extracted from their natural sources. Examples of these are: (a) Wood and paper from forests (b) Stone and gravel from quarries (c) Metal and coal from mines (d) Petroleum from oil fields For the majority of businesses, the first stage in the chain of production will be the extraction of raw materials. This is the chain of production: PRIMARY SECTOR-- SECONDARY SECTOR-- TERTIARY SECTOR The primary sector is the first stage where the extraction of raw materials takes place. The secondary sector is where the products are made The tertiary sector is where foods are made and sold to the public. McDonalds get all their materials from a wholesaler. The company they use is called GOLDEN WEST. They probably use
public privet and volentry sector.
Public sector. Public sector services are provided for the public and collectively paid for by the government. Their operation is ultimately accountable to elected bodies, including local council and parliament. The public sector regards the provision of leisure service as a social service to the community rather than as a profit-making venture. Consequently local authorities usually provide subsidised, or in some cases free, services for the communities they serve. In so doing they cater for the needs of gropes such as school children, young mothers, the unemployed the disable and the elderly. The public sector can be at one of two levels: national government or local government. The latter includes county councils, metropolitan councils, unitary authorities and district council. Historically, national government has seldom been a direct provider of leisure facilities in the UK its main task is to make the laws which govern their provision and provide assistance to a wide range of organisations representing the leisure and recreation industry. The government has four main functions: Planning and control: setting the boundaries for leisure provisions to ensure that development of the industry is in line with government policies Marketing: promoting the benefits of leisure activities. Financial provision: providing funding through distribution of government monies
The Information Technology sector
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR OVERVIEW As of 31 January 2004, the Information Technology sector comprised 18.54 percent of the S&P 500. The sector in our portfolio is comparatively underweighted, then, accounting for only 17.1 percent. This particular sector is divided into 3 sectors: Software and Services, Technology and Hardware Equipment, and Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment. The three largest companies in the Software and Services Industry are Microsoft ($298.3 billion market cap), Oracle ($72.5 billion), and SAP AG ($51.7 billion). These are by far the largest companies within this industry, since the next largest by market cap is only $15.2 billion. The Technology and Hardware Equipment sector is similarly top heavy with International Business Machines ($167.4 billion) being the largest. In addition, Cisco Systems, Inc. ($159.4 billion), Nokia Corporation ($104.5 billion), and Dell Corp. ($87.1 billion) are major companies in this industry. The Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment industry is led by Intel ($196 billion) and followed by several companies bunched together in a range from approximately $20 billion to $50 billion in market cap. Among these leaders are Texas Instruments ($53 billion) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (42.1 billion). Because of the great potential in each of these industries, we will further examine each of them in our
Communication Sector in Pakistan
Table of Contents Communication Sector in Pakistan 2 . Postal Service: 2 2. Radio 2 3. Television 3 4. Telecommunication 3 5. Information Technology (IT) 3 Importance of Communication: 4 . Economic importance 4 2. Political importance 4 3. Social importance 5 Industrial Facts & Figures 5 Telecom Sector: 6 Telecom Sector Growth 8 Cellular Mobile 9 Fixed Line Services 10 Wireless Local Loop 11 Sector Accomplishment a) FDI in Telecom Sector 12 Contribution to National Exchequer 12 Socio-Economic Impact of Mobile Phone Growth 13 Employment Generation 15 Reduction in Telecom Services Tariff 15 International Recognition of Telecom Policies 16 ITU Elections 16 Telecom Regulatory Environment in Pakistan - rated the best by LIRNEasia 17 Regulatory Measures 17 Licensing of Telecom Services 18 Telecom Developments in AJ&K and NAs 18 Rural Telecom Development 19 Payphones Concessions and Facilitation 20 Electronic Media 20 Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) 20 Pakistan Television Corporation Limited (PTV) 21 Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) 22 Pakistan Post Office 23 References: 25 Communication Sector in Pakistan Communication is the basic importance in the development process of a country, and density of the transport network is an index to economic development. As compared with developed countries, Pakistan possesses a
Examine the role of formal and informal social control in controlling individuals
Examine the role of formal and informal social control in controlling individuals' behaviour. In Emile Durkheim's early writings, he stated that society must have some form of boundaries to behaviour that is acceptable. Social control provides the basis for society to police its boundaries and is the way that societies deal with the deviant and criminal behaviours that a minority of societies members subscribe to. There are two types of social control, formal, which is practiced by specific social agencies which have the role of maintaining order in society, and informal, which is where social interaction pushes society's members back into conformity. Most societies tend to have a mixture of informal and formal control mechanisms, and the balance depends upon the type of society. In societies like that of Britain, which is highly multicultural, it is suggested that since a collective conscience is basically impossible to achieve, formal methods of social control are more useful. According to functionalists, without control and punishment, society would collapse into a state of anomie. They suggest that the process of prosecution provides a constant means of checking whether the law reflects the views of the majority in society. With formal social control, it is suggested that if someone commits a crime, they will be punished by the justice system accordingly. For example, if
The Provision of Sport. Sport in the UK is structured in the three following ways; The Voluntary sector, the Public Sector and the Private sector.
The Provision of Sport in the UK today. In modern times sport is a global phenomenon. Everyone can have some form of access to it and sport provides many with jobs and also provides jobs and hobbies for people worldwide. In Britain today the scale of the sports industry is massive. Everyone can have some impact on it at some level whether this is playing for a local team, paying to go and watch your favourite club or even by simply watching sports at home. According to the following source (http://www.prospects.ac.uk/industries_sport_leisure_overview.htm) the sports industry provides 621,000 people with jobs at the moment and these jobs range from coaching and physiotherapists to teachers and the media. The sports industry employs 2% of all UK workers. In the UK, sport generates £12000 million a year; 2% of the National Economy. Many people often play sports regularly; a survey by "Sports England" revealed that 6.82 million play sport at least three times a week. These stats show how important sport is to the UK public and also the scale of it in Great Britain. Sport in the UK is structured in the three following ways; The Voluntary sector, the Public Sector and the Private sector. The voluntary sector includes people who play for a local club team or anyone who plays their chosen sport voluntarily without getting paid. Other examples of this are youth groups as often at
